Through the research result of 50 elderly peoples have practised relaxation we draw the following conclusion: 1. Traditional medicine’s relaxing practice has its effect to several biological indexes: *Electrict: -On ECG: the alpha wave increases in frequency, amplitude, indexes. The beta index reduces. The theta wave remains in charged. - On REG: The cardiac rhythm decreases and QT wave becomes longer but this change is not significant. *Respiratory: relaxation does not change the breath frequency and oxygen saturation (SaO2) * Circulation relaxation reduces pulse frequency, blood pressure (but still within normal unit), increases blood influx of limbs.* On Hop coc and Tuc tam ly points: The skin temperature increases, skin resistant decreases, no change with electric influx. On some biochemical indexes. Relaxation reduces sugar, cholesterol, triglycerid, cortison, catecholamin. 2. The change of some biochemical indexes mentioned above helps prove scientifically the effect of relaxation practice.
Medicine, Traditional ; Biological Factors ; Aged

Dementia is a syndrome of failure of knowledge function, together with changing of behavior and loss of social function. Dementia is common in the elderly. The prevalence of this disease increase clearly by age. Dementia may appear suddenly, but gradually develop, chronically as in Alzheimer. The aim of treatment for patients with dementia is to enhance the quality of life and maintain maximum functional activities through improving the knowledge, the emotion and the attitude
Dementia ; Aged ; epidemiology ; Age Factors

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between physical activity and immanent fall risk factors in the elderly. The subjects were 138 (male: n=51; female: n=87) elderly who have no restriction in daily physical activity. Physical activity was measured over consecutive seven days by accelerometer. Immanent fall risk factors (Berg Balance Scale [BBS], Activities-specific Balance Confidence [ABC], and gait-related fitness) were measured. There are significant correlations between physical activity and BBS (male r=0.46, female r=0.36), gait-related fitness (male r=0.44, female r=0.43). And there are significant correlations between physical activity and ABC in female (r=0.38). Through this study, it is assumed that physical activity has correlation with immanent fall risk factors. Also, physical activity has correlation with gate-related fitness in the elderly.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Risk Factors

Comparision diameter of the cervical spinal canal and calculate Pavloc index of 40 nomal adults aged 25 to 55 in standard lateral radiographs and MRI showed that: The average indexs in MRIs are: from C3 to C10: 12,82 ±0,93mm and 0,95 ± 0,10. From C3 toC7: 12,9 ± 0,91mm and 0,95 ± 0,10. From C1 to C7: 13,6 ± 0,83mm and 1,25± 0,10, in radiographs are: From C3 to C6: 17,35 ± 1,12mm and 0,98 ±0,08. From C3 to C7: 17,46 ±1,26mm and 0.98 ± 0,08. From C1 to C7: 18,5 ±1,19mm and 1,26 ± 0,09. The pavlov index in MRI are smaller than that in standard lateral radiographs but they are not different significally
Spinal Canal ; Adult ; Aged Factors ; Diagnosis

Falls in the hospital are one of the most important patient safety issues. Falls can cause various kinds of injury as well as death, especially for fragile patients and elderly persons. Although patient falls are frequent, most of them are preventable. All patients should be carefully evaluated for risk factors for falling, and individualized care is necessary for fall-prone patients. There are numerous environmental issues regarding fall risk. Prevention of falls is not a prominent area of knowledge in many nursing departments. All medical personnel, including physicians and surgeons, need to know the basic facts and strategies regarding the prevention of falls in the hospital and contribute in their role to patient safety. In this review, current strategies for the prevention of falls in the hospital will be summarized.
Aged ; Humans ; Nursing ; Patient Safety ; Risk Factors

1305 older persons living in communities were included in an epidemiological survey to investigate the risk factor for atherosclerosis. The results showed that prevalence of risk factors in the elderly was high: dyslipidemia (47.5%), hypertension (45.6%), smoking (26.9%), obesity (18.3%) and diabetes/IFG (12.1%). The prevalence of hypertension in rural area was higher than in urban area. Prevalence of dyslipidemia, diabetes/IFG and obesity in urban were higher than in rural area. There are not difference in prevalence of hypertension, diabetes/IFG and obesity between men and women.
Atherosclerosis ; Risk Factors ; Epidemiologic Studies ; aged

Axillofemoral bypass has been the preferred procedure for high risk patients who have aorto-iliac occlusive disease since the introduction of the procedure by Blaisdell in 1963. Widespread use of axillo- femoral bypass was limited in the past because long-term patency rates were inferior to aorto-femoral bypass. Since the mid-1980s, patency rates achieved with axillofemoral bypass have improved with the use of the externally supported prosthesis and the evolution of surgical thchnique. Reported pimary patency of axillo-femoral bypass is in excess of 70% at 5 years. Nowadays axillo-femoral bypass is a procedure of choice in elderly patients with associated comorbid risk factors, and its results is comparable to aorto-femoral bypass.The authors experienced one case of graft malfunction due to kinking of the graft at mid-portion which may not be infrequent.
Aged ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants ; Risk Factors ; Transplants

OBJECTIVES: Considering the increase in the non-communicable diseases associated with tobacco use in recent decades in Iran, it is necessary to have a general view of the current condition. This study aimed to identify factors associated with tobacco use and to estimate the probability of a 5-year transition in the stages of tobacco use in an adult population. METHODS: In this study, 5190 people in the 40-64-year-old population of Shahroud (North East of Iran) were interviewed in 2009 and 2014 on tobacco smoking. The association of independent variables with tobacco smoking was evaluated using the population-averaged logit model. We calculated smoking transition probabilities from non-smoking to current smoking and past-smoking stages during a 5-year span. RESULTS: The prevalence of current tobacco smoking in 40-69-years age group was 11.1% (95% CI 10.3-12.0), 1% among women (95% CI 0.8-1.3) and 25.6% among men (95% CI 23.7-27.6). During this 5-year period, the probability of transition of a non-smoker to an overall current tobacco smoker was 2.3%. Meanwhile, 18.5% of the overall current tobacco smokers had changed into past smokers. Unemployed (OR = 2), male gender (OR = 53.9), widow/widowers (OR = 5.4), divorces (OR = 3.3), and high economic status (OR = 1.2) are associated to tobacco smoking. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the other studies, the prevalence of tobacco use in this population is low but transition rate of non-smokers into current smokers or past smokers is high. Conducting interventions on determinants of starting and quitting smoking and education and awareness raising on the risk and harms of smoking seems necessary.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Iran ; epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Time Factors ; Tobacco Use ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to understand the prevalence rate, epidemiological characteristics and relevant factors of arthritis in Shanghai.

METHODSA sample of 7 575 residents aged 15 years and above was drawn from 6 communities under multiple stage cluster sampling. A household survey with questionnaire was carried out to differentiate both undiagnosed patients and those with definite arthritis. Those who had not been diagnosed before were asked to carry further clinical examinations by a rheumatologist.

RESULTSThe prevalence rate of arthritis was 6.11%, including osteoarthritis (OA) 4.18%, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 0.52%, gout 0.28%, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) 0.28%, rheumatic arthritis 0.49% and other types arthritis 0.82%. Arthritis was significantly related to cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease and gastrointestinal disease. Age, female and obesity might serve as risk factors for arthritis. Physical labors and living in rural area might have protecting effects.

CONCLUSIONElderly and female seemed to be at high risk for arthritis. Weight control and more exercise should be encouraged to reduce the risks. For arthritis patients, treatment to other chronic diseases should not be ignored.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthritis ; classification ; complications ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Social Class ; Socioeconomic Factors

This study reports the stages of change in smoking cessation in a representative sample of Korean adult smokers. The study subjects, all adult smokers (n=2,422), were recruited from the second Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2001. The stages of change were categorized using demo-graphic (age and sex), socioeconomic (education, residence, and household income), and smoking characteristics (age at smoking onset, duration of smoking, and number of cigarettes smoked per day). Age-stratified analyses of the association of socioeconomic and smoking characteristics with the stages of change in male and female smokers were also conducted. According to the stages of change, the study population consisted of 37.6% (95% CI, 35.7-39.5) pre-contemplation, 56.0% (54.0-58.0) contemplation, and 6.4% (5.4-7.4) preparation. The associations between the characteristics of the smokers and the stages of change were all statistically significant. The age-stratified analyses showed that all the socioeconomic and smoking characteristics were significantly associated with the stages in males, while education and residence had significant associations in females. This study revealed that a relatively small number of Korean smokers were prepared to quit and the stage distribution might be influenced by demographic, socioeconomic, and smoking char-acteristics.
Socioeconomic Factors ; Smoking Cessation/*psychology ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Educational Status ; Aged ; Age Factors ; Adult