Administration, Topical ; Humans ; Labyrinth Diseases ; drug therapy

To evaluate effects of the topical administration of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug on anterior uveitis, suprofen eye drop was instilled into the left eye of 10 pigmented rabbits and then experimental anterior uveitis was induced by injecting 750 mocro gram/kg endotoxin of Shigella flexneri serotype 1A into their peritoneal cavities. The pupillary diameters were measured, and cell and flare gradings were recorded in 20 eyes of 10 rabbits for one week at an interval of 12 hours for the first day and then daily. Differences between the treatment and control groups were investigated. All the above parameters showed greatest changes at 12 or 24 hours after the injection of endotoxin and became normal by one week. The treatment and the control groups demonstrated statistically significant difference at 12 hours, day 1, and day 2 as for pupillary diameter and at day 1 and day 2 as for cell and at 12 hours and day 1 as for flare. Thus, it is concluded that prostaglandin plays a role in miosis and the appearance of inflammatory cells and flare in anterior uveitis and the topical administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can alleviate signs of anterior uveitis. The specific relationship between leucotriene B4 and polymorphonuclear leucocytes influx was not demonstrated.
Administration, Topical ; Miosis ; Rabbits ; Shigella flexneri ; Suprofen ; Uveitis, Anterior*

Administration, Topical ; Ear, Inner ; pathology ; Humans ; Meniere Disease ; therapy

The outcomes of microvascular surgery may be jeopardized by factors that reduce the blood flow across the freshly the performed anastomosis Arterial vasospasm is one of such factors causing the failure of an anastomosis. Vascular spasm has treated by systemic or topical administration of pharmacologic agents. However, despite the works done to prevent and elucidate the cause of vasospasm, a apasmolytic agent Capable of consistently protecting against it or reversing it has not been found. Vascular freezing as an powerful spasmolytic maneuver has recently been reported. The purpose of the present study was to determine optimal vascular freezing time. The effect of vascular freezing time was examined on the relief of arterial vasospasm. The vascular was freezing was performed on the artery of rats whit hand-held liquid nitrogen oxide spray. the artery was frozen for 5, 15,or 30 seconds. Vascular spasm and patency were evaluated immediately after and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 56 days after the freezing. Femaral arteries were havested at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 56 days after freezing for histologc examination The results obtained were as follows : 1. immediately after the freezing-thawing, the vasospasm was relieved and not induced by spasmogenic induction manipulation in all groups. 2. Immediately after the freezing-thawing, the artery become dialated, the diameter of which was slightly more than the intial, ranging between 0-17% and the diameter of 5-second group was smaller than those of 15-and 30-second group(P<0.05). 3. One to 56 days after freezing, arteral diameter was still 1-22% larger than the initial and there was no significant difference among groups. 4. One to 56 days after the freezing, vasospasm was not induced by spasmogenic induction manipulation in all groups. 5. One day after the freezing, almost all the vessel wall died and the normal architeture of the layer was deranged in all group. The shorter was the duration of freezing, the more early was the healing of artery occurred, 6. Fifty-six days after the freezing, cellularity was increased and the architecture was regenerated, There was no significant differance among groups. It was suggested that vascular freezing for 5 seconds is useful to relieve the vasospasm and to lessen the injury of artery.
Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Arteries ; Freezing* ; Nitrogen ; Rats* ; Spasm

Administration, Topical ; Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; drug therapy ; Mouth Mucosa

OBJECTIVETo determine pharmacokinetics profiles of methylprednisolone (MTH) in perilymph and plasma of guinea pig after intratympanic injection of MTH in different concentrations.

METHODSBy auripuncture, three different concentrations of MTH were used in guinea pigs: 32.0 mg/ml, 40.0mg/ml and 62.5 mg/ml. Samples of plasma and perilymph of the scala tympani were collected at 1-12 h after administration and the concentrations of MTH were assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was detected before and 12h after MTH administration.

RESULTSThe concentrations of MTH in perilymph were dose-related. The differences of MTH concentrations in perilymph before and at series sampling time after administration were significant in statistics (P < 0.05), except for the intervals of 5 h, 6 h and 12 h. In addition, the concentration of MTH in perilymph was the highest in 62.5 mg/ml group. No MTH was detected in plasma after local administration, except for 1.5 h and 2 h after administration with 62.5 mg/ml. There were not differences in the thresholds of wave III of ABR before and 12h after local MTH administration among three groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe experimental results indicates that the concentration of 62.5 mg/ml of MTH is optimal for treatment inner ear diseases by intratympanic administration among three groups, it get a high concentration in perilymph and not effect on the function of inner ear.

Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Guinea Pigs ; Methylprednisolone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Perilymph ; chemistry ; Plasma ; chemistry

Administration, Topical ; Cariostatic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; China ; Dental Caries ; prevention & control ; Fluorides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans

Administration, Topical ; Cinnamomum zeylanicum ; Episiotomy ; methods ; Female ; Gels ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Plant Preparations ; administration & dosage ; Pregnancy

Bacterial keratitis is a common ophthalmic disease. In certain cases of pseudomonas keratitis, the corneal perforation may occur within 24-48 hours of the onset. Soa suitable, massive antibiotic should be promptly used in these cases. Intensive topical therapy with fortified aminoglycoside antibiotics is a current mainstay in the treatment of bacterial keratitis because insufficient antibiotic concentrations may not inhibit bacterial growth. In 1985, Glasser and associates reported the effect of longer dosing intervals on corneal gentamicin levels with using topical fortified gentamicin solutions in rabbits. We compared peak and trough antibiotic levels achieved in the rabbit cornea by various topical administrations of tobramycin which was prepared in a concentration of 13.6mg/ml by fortifying commercially available ophthalmic tobramycin solution with injectable drug. A loading dose consists of one drop given every minute for five minutes. 1. Eyes receiving one drop every hour(Group 1) and three drops every two hours(Group 5) showed little conjunctival hyperemia. Eyes given one drop every 30 minutes(Group 2) developed minimal inflammatory responses, as did eyes given a single loading dose followed by one drop each hour(Group 4). The moderate inflammatory response occurred in eyes receiving sequential loading doses(Group 3). Abnormalities in the cornea and the iris were not seen in all studied groups. 2. Gentamicin peak level in sequential loading doses group(Group 3) was significantly higher than those achieved by one drop every hour(Group 1) or one drop every 30 minutes(Group 2). At two hours of gentamicin administration, sequential loading doses(Group 3) produced remarkably high concentrations: than those produced in Group 1, Group 2, or three drops every two hours(Group 5). During the first four hours, Group 3 represented high antibiotic levels than those produced in Group 1, Group 2, Group 5, or a single loading dose followed by one drop each hour(Group 4). There were no significant differences between trough levels with on drop every hour(Group 1) and three drops every two hours(Group 5).
Administration, Topical* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cornea ; Corneal Perforation ; Gentamicins ; Hyperemia ; Iris ; Keratitis ; Pseudomonas ; Rabbits* ; Tobramycin*

It has been known that 10% citrate solution decreases the infiltration of inflammatory cells in severe alkali-burned rabbit eye. The solution was administered topically and its effects on corneal haze and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated. Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was performed on 10 rabbits (20eyes). The solution was administered on the right eye (treated group)and BSS solution on the left eye (control group) of each rabbit immediately before PRK and 6 times after PRK for 24 hours. After 24 hours, 5 rabbits were sacrificed and infiltrating inflammatory cell counting, malondialdehyde (MDA) immunohistochemical staining and quantitative measurement of MDA were done. Corneal haze and other complications were examined at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after PRK with slit-lamp biomicroscope. There was significant decrease of infiltrating inflammatory cells (p=0.047) and cornea haze at 4 weeks after PRK (p=0.015) in treated group. MDA immunohistochemical staining disclosed that tissue damage occurred primarily on the superficial stroma and partially healed epithelium of the ablated cornea. MDA level decreased in 10% citrate treated group compared to control group but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.21). These data suggest that topical administration of 10% citrate may decrease corneal haze by decreasing infiltration of inflammatory cells after PRK.
Administration, Topical ; Cell Count ; Citric Acid* ; Cornea ; Epithelium ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Malondialdehyde ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Rabbits