Administration, Topical ; Humans ; Labyrinth Diseases ; drug therapy

Administration, Topical ; Ear, Inner ; pathology ; Humans ; Meniere Disease ; therapy

Administration, Topical ; Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; drug therapy ; Mouth Mucosa

The outcomes of microvascular surgery may be jeopardized by factors that reduce the blood flow across the freshly the performed anastomosis Arterial vasospasm is one of such factors causing the failure of an anastomosis. Vascular spasm has treated by systemic or topical administration of pharmacologic agents. However, despite the works done to prevent and elucidate the cause of vasospasm, a apasmolytic agent Capable of consistently protecting against it or reversing it has not been found. Vascular freezing as an powerful spasmolytic maneuver has recently been reported. The purpose of the present study was to determine optimal vascular freezing time. The effect of vascular freezing time was examined on the relief of arterial vasospasm. The vascular was freezing was performed on the artery of rats whit hand-held liquid nitrogen oxide spray. the artery was frozen for 5, 15,or 30 seconds. Vascular spasm and patency were evaluated immediately after and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 56 days after the freezing. Femaral arteries were havested at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 56 days after freezing for histologc examination The results obtained were as follows : 1. immediately after the freezing-thawing, the vasospasm was relieved and not induced by spasmogenic induction manipulation in all groups. 2. Immediately after the freezing-thawing, the artery become dialated, the diameter of which was slightly more than the intial, ranging between 0-17% and the diameter of 5-second group was smaller than those of 15-and 30-second group(P<0.05). 3. One to 56 days after freezing, arteral diameter was still 1-22% larger than the initial and there was no significant difference among groups. 4. One to 56 days after the freezing, vasospasm was not induced by spasmogenic induction manipulation in all groups. 5. One day after the freezing, almost all the vessel wall died and the normal architeture of the layer was deranged in all group. The shorter was the duration of freezing, the more early was the healing of artery occurred, 6. Fifty-six days after the freezing, cellularity was increased and the architecture was regenerated, There was no significant differance among groups. It was suggested that vascular freezing for 5 seconds is useful to relieve the vasospasm and to lessen the injury of artery.
Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Arteries ; Freezing* ; Nitrogen ; Rats* ; Spasm

To evaluate effects of the topical administration of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug on anterior uveitis, suprofen eye drop was instilled into the left eye of 10 pigmented rabbits and then experimental anterior uveitis was induced by injecting 750 mocro gram/kg endotoxin of Shigella flexneri serotype 1A into their peritoneal cavities. The pupillary diameters were measured, and cell and flare gradings were recorded in 20 eyes of 10 rabbits for one week at an interval of 12 hours for the first day and then daily. Differences between the treatment and control groups were investigated. All the above parameters showed greatest changes at 12 or 24 hours after the injection of endotoxin and became normal by one week. The treatment and the control groups demonstrated statistically significant difference at 12 hours, day 1, and day 2 as for pupillary diameter and at day 1 and day 2 as for cell and at 12 hours and day 1 as for flare. Thus, it is concluded that prostaglandin plays a role in miosis and the appearance of inflammatory cells and flare in anterior uveitis and the topical administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can alleviate signs of anterior uveitis. The specific relationship between leucotriene B4 and polymorphonuclear leucocytes influx was not demonstrated.
Administration, Topical ; Miosis ; Rabbits ; Shigella flexneri ; Suprofen ; Uveitis, Anterior*

Administration, Topical ; Cariostatic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; China ; Dental Caries ; prevention & control ; Fluorides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans

Administration, Topical ; Cinnamomum zeylanicum ; Episiotomy ; methods ; Female ; Gels ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Plant Preparations ; administration & dosage ; Pregnancy

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have received considerable attention because of their propellant-free composition and stability. DPIs include the DPI devices and inhalation powders. The purpose of this review is to address the development of the DPIs, including the mechanisms of absorption, the products, the devices, the preparation technology, and the characteristics.
Administration, Topical ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Dry Powder Inhalers ; Lung ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

We performed a double-masked, cross-over study of beta-blockers in 20 normal volunteers. The subjects were divided into 4 groups, and 4 different drugs(1% Bentos(R), 0.5% Betagan(R), 2% Mikelan(R) and Placebo) were administered to the 4 groups respectively for each session. The experiment consisted of 4 session, each session being a one week period of drug administration and a subsequent 3 week period of washout. The drugs were administered unilaterally eyery 12 hours for 1 week, and the IOP of the both eyes was measured at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 hours, 1 day, 1 week, 2, 3, and 4 weeks from the time of initial administration. We also investigated the side effects. The results were as follows: 1. There was no statistically significant difference in the effect of lowering the intraocular pressure(IOP) between the 3 different beta-blockers. 2. The beta-blockers lowered the mean IOP up to a maximum of 18.7-21% of its original value 3 hours after administration and 15-16.2%, after 1 week. 3. In the contralateral eyes, there was statistically a significant mean IOP decrease after 1, 3, 5, hours, 1 day and 1 week and a mean IOP decrease was 4.1%-4.9% after 1 week. 4. There was a statistically significant IOP decrease of 5.4%-6.7% at 1 week after the cessation of administration. 5. There was no statistically significant alteration of blood pressure, pulse rates, pupillary diameter, corneal sensitivity and Schirmer's test results due to drug administration. 6. The most common ocular side effect was a burning sensation following topical administration of beta-blockers. And the frequency of side effects was highest in 1% Bentos(R), foliowed by 0.5% Betaga(R) and 2% Mikelan(R).
Administration, Topical ; Blood Pressure ; Burns ; Cross-Over Studies ; Healthy Volunteers* ; Heart Rate ; Intraocular Pressure ; Sensation

The prolonged use of steroids, especially the topical administration of ccrticosteroid, will causes an intraocular pressure(IOP) devation in some patients with clinical finding that typically resemble primary open-angle glaucoma. The authors experienced a case of steroid-induced glaucoma following systemic and topical use of dexamethasone for seborrheic dermatitis of both eyelids 3 years previously. During the past few months patient had noted complete lloss of vision in right eye and decrease of vision considerably, in left eye and a trabeculectomy was done on the left eye. We report a case of steroid-induced glaucoma and the literatures were reviewed briefly.
Administration, Topical ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Dexamethasone ; Eyelids ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Steroids ; Trabeculectomy