Administration, Topical ; Humans ; Labyrinth Diseases ; drug therapy

Administration, Topical ; Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; drug therapy ; Mouth Mucosa

The outcomes of microvascular surgery may be jeopardized by factors that reduce the blood flow across the freshly the performed anastomosis Arterial vasospasm is one of such factors causing the failure of an anastomosis. Vascular spasm has treated by systemic or topical administration of pharmacologic agents. However, despite the works done to prevent and elucidate the cause of vasospasm, a apasmolytic agent Capable of consistently protecting against it or reversing it has not been found. Vascular freezing as an powerful spasmolytic maneuver has recently been reported. The purpose of the present study was to determine optimal vascular freezing time. The effect of vascular freezing time was examined on the relief of arterial vasospasm. The vascular was freezing was performed on the artery of rats whit hand-held liquid nitrogen oxide spray. the artery was frozen for 5, 15,or 30 seconds. Vascular spasm and patency were evaluated immediately after and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 56 days after the freezing. Femaral arteries were havested at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 56 days after freezing for histologc examination The results obtained were as follows : 1. immediately after the freezing-thawing, the vasospasm was relieved and not induced by spasmogenic induction manipulation in all groups. 2. Immediately after the freezing-thawing, the artery become dialated, the diameter of which was slightly more than the intial, ranging between 0-17% and the diameter of 5-second group was smaller than those of 15-and 30-second group(P<0.05). 3. One to 56 days after freezing, arteral diameter was still 1-22% larger than the initial and there was no significant difference among groups. 4. One to 56 days after the freezing, vasospasm was not induced by spasmogenic induction manipulation in all groups. 5. One day after the freezing, almost all the vessel wall died and the normal architeture of the layer was deranged in all group. The shorter was the duration of freezing, the more early was the healing of artery occurred, 6. Fifty-six days after the freezing, cellularity was increased and the architecture was regenerated, There was no significant differance among groups. It was suggested that vascular freezing for 5 seconds is useful to relieve the vasospasm and to lessen the injury of artery.
Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Arteries ; Freezing* ; Nitrogen ; Rats* ; Spasm

To evaluate effects of the topical administration of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug on anterior uveitis, suprofen eye drop was instilled into the left eye of 10 pigmented rabbits and then experimental anterior uveitis was induced by injecting 750 mocro gram/kg endotoxin of Shigella flexneri serotype 1A into their peritoneal cavities. The pupillary diameters were measured, and cell and flare gradings were recorded in 20 eyes of 10 rabbits for one week at an interval of 12 hours for the first day and then daily. Differences between the treatment and control groups were investigated. All the above parameters showed greatest changes at 12 or 24 hours after the injection of endotoxin and became normal by one week. The treatment and the control groups demonstrated statistically significant difference at 12 hours, day 1, and day 2 as for pupillary diameter and at day 1 and day 2 as for cell and at 12 hours and day 1 as for flare. Thus, it is concluded that prostaglandin plays a role in miosis and the appearance of inflammatory cells and flare in anterior uveitis and the topical administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can alleviate signs of anterior uveitis. The specific relationship between leucotriene B4 and polymorphonuclear leucocytes influx was not demonstrated.
Administration, Topical ; Miosis ; Rabbits ; Shigella flexneri ; Suprofen ; Uveitis, Anterior*

Administration, Topical ; Ear, Inner ; pathology ; Humans ; Meniere Disease ; therapy

Administration, Topical ; Cariostatic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; China ; Dental Caries ; prevention & control ; Fluorides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans

Administration, Topical ; Cinnamomum zeylanicum ; Episiotomy ; methods ; Female ; Gels ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Plant Preparations ; administration & dosage ; Pregnancy

The concentration of clotrimazole in the cornea considering the lapse of time after topical administration of 1% clotrimazole, in a single drop or 13 drops at an interval of 5 minutes, was evaluated by agar diffusion bioassay, The rabbits were divided into 3 groups: normal cornea, deepithelized cornea and Aspergillus keratitis, In the case of a single dose, the drug concentration in the normal cornea was lower than the value which can be measured, and the concentration in deeptithelized cornea was significantly higher than in keratitis(p<0.05). In the case of multiple doses, the drug concentration in keratitis was higher than in the deepitheHzed cornea and both of these were higher than in the norma cornea. EspeciaUy the group of keratitis had a significantly higher level(p<0.05) and an abrupt decrease of the drug concentration than the group of deepithelized cornea. This result means that the cornea during inflammation has increased permeability and great metabolic activity. In general the drug concentration in all groups except a single dose in the normal cornea was higher than minimal inhibitory concentration of clotrimazole against A. fumigatus, and this result suggests that the topical administration of 196 dotrimazole is likely to be efficacious in the treatment of Aspergillus keratitis.
Administration, Topical* ; Agar ; Aspergillus ; Biological Assay ; Clotrimazole* ; Cornea* ; Diffusion ; Inflammation ; Keratitis ; Permeability ; Rabbits*

BACKGROUND: Steroid acne is a folliculitis that can result from a systemic or topical administration of steroid and has been described as showing similar clinical pictures to Malassezia folliculitis, but there have been few reports about the incidence of Malassezia in steroid acne and other acneiform eruptions. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe the incidences of Malassezia in acneiform eruptions and to discuss about the relationship between clinical steroid acne and Malassezia folliculitis. METHODS: The history, clinical features, direct microscopy, histopathological analysis, and therapeutic results of 125 cases with steroid acne or other acneiform eruptions were described and compared. RESULTS: Over 80% of patients with acneiform eruption receiving systemic steroid revealed significant numbers of Malassezia in the lesional follicle. CONCLUSION: Steroid acne and other acneiform eruptions showing discrete follicular papules and/or pustules localized to the upper trunk or acneiform facial skin lesions associated with multiple acneiform lesions on the body in the summer period should be suspected as Malassezia folliculitis.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Acneiform Eruptions* ; Administration, Topical ; Folliculitis ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Malassezia* ; Microscopy ; Skin

Bacterial keratitis is a common ophthalmic disease. In certain cases of pseudomonas keratitis, the corneal perforation may occur within 24-48 hours of the onset. Soa suitable, massive antibiotic should be promptly used in these cases. Intensive topical therapy with fortified aminoglycoside antibiotics is a current mainstay in the treatment of bacterial keratitis because insufficient antibiotic concentrations may not inhibit bacterial growth. In 1985, Glasser and associates reported the effect of longer dosing intervals on corneal gentamicin levels with using topical fortified gentamicin solutions in rabbits. We compared peak and trough antibiotic levels achieved in the rabbit cornea by various topical administrations of tobramycin which was prepared in a concentration of 13.6mg/ml by fortifying commercially available ophthalmic tobramycin solution with injectable drug. A loading dose consists of one drop given every minute for five minutes. 1. Eyes receiving one drop every hour(Group 1) and three drops every two hours(Group 5) showed little conjunctival hyperemia. Eyes given one drop every 30 minutes(Group 2) developed minimal inflammatory responses, as did eyes given a single loading dose followed by one drop each hour(Group 4). The moderate inflammatory response occurred in eyes receiving sequential loading doses(Group 3). Abnormalities in the cornea and the iris were not seen in all studied groups. 2. Gentamicin peak level in sequential loading doses group(Group 3) was significantly higher than those achieved by one drop every hour(Group 1) or one drop every 30 minutes(Group 2). At two hours of gentamicin administration, sequential loading doses(Group 3) produced remarkably high concentrations: than those produced in Group 1, Group 2, or three drops every two hours(Group 5). During the first four hours, Group 3 represented high antibiotic levels than those produced in Group 1, Group 2, Group 5, or a single loading dose followed by one drop each hour(Group 4). There were no significant differences between trough levels with on drop every hour(Group 1) and three drops every two hours(Group 5).
Administration, Topical* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cornea ; Corneal Perforation ; Gentamicins ; Hyperemia ; Iris ; Keratitis ; Pseudomonas ; Rabbits* ; Tobramycin*