PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to find out cognitive function of the patients with subjective memory complaint. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From March 1st 2005 to May 31st 2009, 155 normal individuals without any medical illness who visited Yeungnam University Hospital to undergo medical checkup with neurocognitive test was enrolled, and checked by using Cognitive Assessment & Reference Diagnostic System. RESULTS: 107 of the patients had normal cognitive function, 21 patients (about 15%) were diagnosed with dementia, and 10 patients (about 7%) were diagnosed with considerable psychiatric illness, such as depression, anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder. CONCLUSION: Because the patients with subjective memory complaint can be diagnosed as any psychiatric illness as well as dementia, sensitive screening test and early psychiatric approach is needed.
Adjustment Disorders ; Anxiety Disorders ; Dementia ; Depression ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Memory

Erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) belongs to a group of diseases characterized by inflammatory nodules of the leg which primarily involve the lower legs. EIB is considered to be a reactive disorder related to several etiologic factors. In Korea, most dermatologists accept the tuberculosis as one of the most common etiology of EIB. As the number of EIB cases is decreasing in Korea in accordance with the decreased incidence of tuberculosis, EIB can be easily mistaken for any of the disease that produces chronic nodular eruptions on the legs. In Korea, important factors to make a correct diagnosis of EI include clinicopathologic observations coupled with the identification of hypersensitivity to tuberculous antigen and successful treatment of anti-tuberculous medication.
Adjustment Disorders ; Erythema ; Erythema Induratum ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Korea ; Leg ; Tuberculosis

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to describe the psychiatric symptoms in the teachers from Danwon High School who were exposed to the sinking of the Motor Vessel Sewol. METHODS: Data were collected from 32 teachers who underwent psychiatric interventions by 16 volunteer psychiatrists for 3 months after the sinking of the Motor Vessel Sewol. RESULTS: The most commonly diagnosed clinical diagnosis in the teachers were normal reaction, acute stress disorder and adjustment disorder. Psychiatric symptoms including anxiety, depressed mood and sleep disturbances were also observed. CONCLUSION: In the acute aftermath of the Sewol Ferry sinking on April 16, 2014, psychiatrists volunteered to provide professional psychiatric interventions to Danwon High School teachers. These results suggest the importance of crisis intervention focused on the teachers who are exposed to disasters. The implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
Adjustment Disorders ; Anxiety ; Crisis Intervention ; Diagnosis ; Disasters ; Humans ; Psychiatry ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute ; Volunteers

OBJECTIVE: Adjustment disorder (ADJ) is a common diagnosis. However, it is difficult to distinguish ADJ from other major Axis I disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to determine the distinguishing neurophysiological characteristics between ADJ and MDD using quantitative analysis of an electroencephalogram (QEEG). METHODS: The study included 30 patients with ADJ and 51 patients with MDD. Resting (eye closed) vigilance controlled EEG recordings were assessed at 19 electrode sites according to the international 10/20 system. QEEG absolute power and coherence were calculated for the delta, theta, alpha and beta bandwidths. RESULTS: Absolute powers of alpha and high beta bands, particularly at the frontocentral area, differed between MDD and ADJ group (p<0.05). Interhemispheric coherence values for the delta and beta bands were lower in the ADJ group than in the MDD group (p<0.05). Intrahemispheric coherence values for the alpha band were also lower in the ADJ group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The differences in QEEG power and coherence in our investigation suggest that underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms may be different between ADJ and MDD.
Adjustment Disorders ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) or sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is a benign, idiopathic histiocytic proliferative disorder affecting lymph nodes as well as extranodal sites. It is accompanied by fever, leukocytosis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Although cutaneous involvement in RDD is common, a purely cutaneous disease is very rare. Histologic findings show characteristic large, pale, histiocytic cells exhibiting cytophagocytosis (emperipolesis). Immunohistochemically, these histiocytes are positive for S-100 protein and CD68, but negative for CD1a. The etiology is unknown, although it is thought to be a reactive disorder rather than neoplastic. We report two cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease showing involvement limited to the skin.
Adjustment Disorders ; Blood Sedimentation ; Cytophagocytosis ; Fever ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytosis, Sinus* ; Hypergammaglobulinemia ; Leukocytosis ; Lymph Nodes ; S100 Proteins ; Skin

In order to study the relations between attentional deficits and social functioning of the schizophrenia, 83 stable outpatients with DSM-IV schizophrenia and matched 60 normal controls were examined for their sustained attention, sensory register, and social functioning by means of Continuous performance test(CPT), Span apprehension task(SPAN), and Korean version of Social Adjustment Scale II-Revised Version(KSAS II-RV) respectively. Psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS). The results were as follows. 1) Schizophrenic patients showed a significant deficit in the sustained attention and sensory register as manifested in the data of CPT and SPAN, compared with the matched normal controls. Schizohrenic patients also showed a significantly poor social functioning in measure of KSAS II-RV compared with the matched normal controls. 2) There was no correlation between three type of symptoms(positive/negative/general) and total scores of social functioning. But negative symptoms was correlated with the social leisure subarea of KSAS II-RV. 3) CPT was correlated with total scores of social functioning including the instrumental role and friend relation subareas of KSAS II-RV, whereas SPAN was only correlated with the instrumental role subarea of social functioning. 4) In the relations between attention and symptoms, CPT was correlated with negative symptoms. These results suggest that the deficit of the sustained attention may be a predictive factor of social functioning in the schizophrenic outpatients.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Friends ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Outpatients* ; Psychopathology* ; Schizophrenia ; Social Adjustment

OBJECTIVES: There have been several studies demonstrating that age at onset is associated with clinical and functional outcome in bipolar disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether age at onset would influence on the prognosis of patients with bipolar I disorder in a Korean sample. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with bipolar I disorder (DSM-IV) were recruited. Age at onset was split at age 30 years into early onset (n=15) and late onset (n=16) groups. These patients were followed at 1 year to assess re-hospitalization, psychiatric symptoms (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale), and social functioning (Korean version of the Social Adjustment Scale II revised version : KSAS II-RV). The subgroups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test. RESULTS: Early onset group had more psychotic symptoms at hospitalization (chi-square=5.743, p=.029) and had more KSAS IIRV score after 1 year (U=49.000, p=.004). Other psychiatric symptoms except psychosis were not significantly different between early onset and late onset group. KSAS II-RV score was not significantly correlated with BPRS and YMRS score. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that early onset group may have poorer social functioning than late onset group in bipolar I disorder.
Bipolar Disorder* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Prognosis* ; Prospective Studies* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Recurrence ; Social Adjustment

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the quality of life and social adjustment of North Korean refugees who consulted psychiatric clinics. METHODS: A total of 66 North Korean refugees who consulted a psychiatric clinic were included in the analysis. A psychiatrist conducted interviews with the subjects, and PTSD was diagnosed using the clinician-administered PTSD Scale. The quality of life of the subjects was evaluated using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale. RESULTS: Thirty five (53%) were diagnosed with PTSD. Quality of life was found to show association with understanding the language in South Korea, difficulty interacting with South Koreans, and experience or feeling of neglect. Quality of life of the PTSD group was lower than in the Non-PTSD group. Difficulty adapting to South Korean society was also higher in the PTSD group. Experience or feeling of neglect was negatively correlated with the quality of life in the PTSD group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study may be helpful in providing a specific direction for psychiatric intervention strategies to improve overall quality of life and adaptation to life in South Korea.
Humans ; Korea ; Psychiatry ; Quality of Life ; Refugees ; Social Adjustment ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND: Recently, social concern about occupational stress and disputes, which are surrounded with judgements of work relatedness for various psychiatric sequels, is increasing. OBJECTIVE: We present a case of work-related illness judgement in which panic disorder and adjustment disorder with conversion symptoms were associated with work stress due to job reallocation. METHODS: We performed psychiatric assessment including mental status examination and neuropsychological test batteries. We also assessed job stress profiles using the Korean version of the Occupational Stress Inventory(K-OSI). RESULTS: The patient showed no specific psychological or physical problems and had previously demonstrated suitable coping skills. However, the patients case, who was sensitive to emotional stress, suffered chronic stress symptoms after a role change from a car mechanic to office manager which required continuous interaction with customers and a strong emotional burden. Panic attack and conversion symptoms were judged to be associated with disharmony between individual characteristics and environmental needs. CONCLUSION: It is noteworthy that this is the first reported case considered as a psychiatric illness related with psychological work stress. A further study will be attempted to assign standards of judgment for similar cases through systematic source collection and tool development.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adjustment Disorders ; Dissent and Disputes ; Humans ; Judgment ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Panic Disorder ; Stress, Psychological

Occlusion may change spontaneously but dental treatment or trauma in the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) may also alter occlusion. This report presents three cases displaying occlusal changes. Review of literature emphasizes the significance of TMD treatment. Conservative treatment modalities such as counseling, medication, physical therapy and splint therapy may be selected as initial treatment options. Irreversible or invasive treatment, such as orthodontic, prosthodontic, and occlusal adjustment should not be attempted early. In case there is no response to conservative treatment, joint injection, muscle injection, arthrocentesis or arthroscopic surgery might be performed.
Arthrocentesis ; Arthroscopy ; Counseling ; Humans ; Joints ; Occlusal Adjustment ; Splints ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; Temporomandibular Joint