Estrogen and progesterone receptors exist in the epithelial and stromal cells of the endometrium. Proliferative disorders of the endometrium may be associated with autocrine and paracrine actions of estrogen and progesterone in epithelial and stromal cells. This study was performed to evaluate the differences estrogen and progesterone receptor(ER/PR) expression in the epithelial and stromal cells of endometrial hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemical methods. Immunohistochemical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) was done to evaluate a possible correlation between PCNA and hormone receptor expression. Evaluation was based on samples from 31 simple hyperplasias, 30 complex hyperplasias, and 32 adenocarcinomas. The immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR and PCNA in epithelial and stromal cells were examined according to a scoring system based on the percentage of positive cells and the staining intensity. The results were as follows; 1) The expression of ER and PR in epithelial cells showed a graded, significant decreases in simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma, in that order(ER: P=0.008, PR: P= 0.026). 2) PR expression in the stromal cells showed a significant decrease between hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma(P=0.003). The difference in ER expression was not significant. 3) In stromal cells, the decrease in PR expression was more prominent than the decrease in ER expression when complex hyperplasia was compared to simple hyperplasia. 4) The PCNA expression in simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma was not higher than the expression of PCNA in nomal proliferative endometrium. There was no significant difference in PCNA expression between simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma(P=0.073). 5) A negative correlation between PCNA and ER/PR expression was not demonstrated in simple and complex hyperplasia, or in adenocarcinoma. Endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma are probably related to a paracrine action of estrogen and progesterone in epithelial and stromal cells. A progressive loss of PR expression in stromal cells may induce abnormal proliferation of endometrium due to a disrupted hormonal balance.
Adenocarcinoma

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma*

BACKGROUND: It has long been recognized that birefringent paticles (BP) are associated with pulmonary disease. And there is increasing evidence that BP cause fibrotic reaction within the lung depending on both particle size and composition. METHODS: We collected 41 cases of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and 101 cases of normal lung tissue from control group including squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and bullae. BPs in the 0.1 to 10 micrometer size range under polarizing microscope was measured and counted by image analyzer. RESULTS: BP counts are mean 244.05/10 HPF in UIP and 71.4/10 HPF in control group. BPs in UIP is three times more than control (p=0.000). It increased significantly by the age of patients (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: BPs in lung might be important cause of inflammation and fibrosis in UIP.
Adenocarcinoma

No abstract available
Adenocarcinoma*

Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus is a rare neoplasm composed of both carcinoma and spindle sarcomatous area. Usually the carcinoma component is a squamous cell carcinoma but rarely adenocarcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma is found. The histogenesis of the sarcomatous component is still unknown. A case of ulcerated polypoid lesion with a stalk in esophagus was reported. Microscopically it was composed of spindle shaped cells interminled with squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma nests. No distinct transition between spindle shaped cells and carcinoma are was observed. Immunoreactivity to cytokeratin was observed in both carcinomatous and spindle cell component, but electron microscopic examination failed to demonstrated desmosome or tonofilaments in spindle cells. Undifferentiated small cell nests were reactive to neuron specific enolase and contained membrane bounded secretory granule in electron microscopy.
Adenocarcinoma

Obstructive colitis is an ulceroinflammatory lesion of the large intestine at a distance proximal to the obstructing or potentially obstructing lesion of any etiology. It has been suggested that a rise in the intraluminal pressure related to the obstruction results in a fall in the intramural blood flow with subsequent ischemic necrosis. We examined 7 cases of surgically resected obstructive colitis associated with distal constrictive adenocarcinoma of the large intestine. Two cases of the obstructive colitis were radiologically suspected prior to surgery either as a separate tumor mass or diverticulosis, and another case was suggested to be a tumor seeding by colonoscopy. Grossly, five cases presented with single or multiple, shallow, well-demarcated ulcerative lesions, and the remaining two were featured with a segmental ulcerative lesion the with pseudopolypoid area. The ulceroinflammatory lesions were separated from the distal obstructive carcinoma by a skipped zone of relatively normal mucosa measuring 4-43 cm. The proximal colon to the obstructive lesions were obviously dilated except in one case. Microscopically, mucosa and submucosa were replaced by granulation tissue, and showed inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrin exudates. Muscle coat often accompanied ischemic contraction. Fissuring was noted in one case. The recognition of these lesions prior to or during surgery is stressed based on the morphological features corresponding to an ischemic change in the proximal mucosa to the primary obstructive lesion.
Adenocarcinoma

Total 74 cases of colon cancer were examined in the Inje Medical College, Pusan Paik-hospital, which were collected from 1979 to the April 1986. The stromal histopathological findings are as followings; 1) The highest frequency of the good reactions of the four parameters of the stromal response (i.e., good general stromal reaction, peripheral tumor disintergration, and each inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous proliferation alone) was found in Dukes class B1 and the least frequency in Dukes C1. The good general stromal response and the peripheral tumor disintegration are more closely related with the stage than the other two parameters. They are about 60% in class B1, 30% in class B2 and C2, and 20% in class C1. 2) The insistent poorest stromal response of the Dukes C1 in all parameters may be explained from the fact that the cancer cells of this particular stage are very aggressive biologically because the cancer cells are capable to invade the regional lymph nodes before the main tumor can infiltrate all through the layers of the wall. 3) Among the four types of the colon cancer, the better stromal reactions are observed in more than half of the cases of the well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma while this trend is completely opposite in the mucinous and poorly differentiated types. 4) The above findings indicate that how closely the stroma influences upon the progress of the colon cancer, or how closely it represents the status of the individual immunological force.
Adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the reproducibility of both the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) or adenocarcinoma, and the histologic grading (HG) of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EC). METHODS: Ninety-three cases of EH or adenocarcinomas were reviewed independently by 21 pathologists of the Gynecologic Pathology Study Group. A consensus diagnosis was defined as agreement among more than two thirds of the 21 pathologists. RESULTS: There was no agreement on the diagnosis in 13 cases (14.0%). According to the consensus review, six of the 11 EH cases (54.5%) were diagnosed as EH, 48 of the 57 EC cases (84.2%) were EC, and 5 of the 6 serous carcinomas (SC) (83.3%) were SC. There was no consensus for the 6 atypical EH (AEH) cases. On the HG of EC, there was no agreement in 2 cases (3.5%). According to the consensus review, 30 of the 33 G1 cases (90.9%) were G1, 11 of the 18 G2 cases (61.1%) were G2, and 4 of the 4 G3 cases (100.0%) were G3. CONCLUSIONS: The consensus study showed high agreement for both EC and SC, but there was no consensus for AEH. The reproducibility for the HG of G2 was poor. We suggest that simplification of the classification of EH and a two-tiered grading system for EC will be necessary.
Adenocarcinoma