Aspirin, analgine, and paracetamol are long-standing effective anti-inflammatory painkiller agents. This three agents were mixed with herbal products with standard level is a complex process. The authors introduced following steps: analgine with process having median productivity by 58.20%, aspirin with Stass-Olto process having median productivity by 83.90%, paracetamol with process having median productivity by 73.30%. This can identify reliably appearance of aspirin, analgine, and paracetamol in herbal products. Aspirin achieved highest productivity
Acetaminophen ; Medicine, Traditional ; drugs

Full Spectrum Quantification technique gained fast, accurate results without extraction. This conforms to analysis of drug samples on the market. Results proved the method was accurate and has the acceptable reproducibility
Acetaminophen ; Ibuprofen ; Tablets

BACKGROUND: Both ketorolac and propacetamol are used postoperatively to control mild to moderate pain. This study compared the analgesic efficacy of ketorolac and propacetamol delivered either preoperatively or postoperatively, and assessed the preemptive analgesic effect of ketorolac and propacetamol for adenotonsillectomy. METHODS: One hundred and two pediatric patients were divided randomly into four groups. The K1 and P1 groups received ketorolac 1 mg/kg or propacetamol 30 mg/kg after induction, respectively, whereas the K2 and P2 groups received each drug at the end of the operation, respectively. After adenotonsillectomy, we measured the NRS (Numerical Rating Scale), FPS (Faces Pain Scale) and OPS (Objective Pain scale) at 15, 30 and 60 min after arriving at the postanesthesia care unit. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the NRS, FPS and OPS between K1 and K2 and between P1 and P2 for 60 min after operation at the postanesthesia care unit. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that both ketorolac (1 mg/kg) and propacetamol (30 mg/kg) have no preemptive analgesic effects during 1 hour after adenotonsillectomy.
Acetaminophen ; Child ; Humans ; Ketorolac

Investigating UV absorption spectrum of paracetamol (5µg/ml, solvent HCl 0.1N) and quinine sulfate (4µg/ml, solvent HCl 0.1N) of antigrip F tablet within the range 200nm to 400nm with HCl 0.1N solution as blank sample showed that: At wavelength 340nm, paracetamol did not absorb, which was not influence to analyze method. The comparison between MCA and normal spectrum method showed that the difference was not statistical significantly α = 0.05 (compared 2 variances, F test, mean values). The advantages of MCA method are rapid, accurate, and solvent-saving. For mixture containing two above ingredients, the content of each formulation’s ingredient can be simultaneous and accurate assayed by measuring absorption level of 4 wavelengths on normal spectrum machine
Spectrophotometry ; Acetaminophen ; Quinine

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine is becoming popular among Filipino patients. Ginger is one promising herbal plant in the management of musculoskeletal complaints. Studies showed significant reduction of the pain after oral intake of either ginger extract or tablet with reported occurrence of mild gastrointestinal side effects. Hence this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using 10% ginger ointment as a treatment for acute musculoskeletal pain. Objective: This study determined the effectiveness and safety profile of topical application of ginger ointment as compared to a placebo ointment in the reduction of pain severity in patients with musculoskeletal complaints. Subjects and Setting: The study participants consisted of adults aged 19-59 years old who have acute musculoskeletal pain. The study was done in Canossa Health and Social Center in Tondo, Manila. Design: Ginger ointment was compared to a placebo ointment in 60 patients with acute musculoskeletal complaints in a single blinded randomized controlled trial. Study participants were randomized into two groups of thirty (N=30), the experimental group (ginger) and the placebo group. Data Collection: The clinical assessment included a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at baseline, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after intervention. Paracetamol and diclofenac tablets were prescribed as rescue medication. Reduction of pain was computed using mean, standard deviation and groups were compared using students’ t-test. The frequency of the adverse reaction to the ointment was summarized using cross tabulations. Results: There was decrease in the severity of the pain reported by study participants for both ginger and placebo ointment. At 60 minutes post-intervention, a greater decrease on pain scores among participants receiving the ginger ointment (X=1.37; SD+1.22) was noted compared to the participants receiving placebo ointment (X=2.07; SD+1.90). However, the differences between intervention groups were not statistically significant, p>0.05. There were no reported adverse reactions for both intervention groups. Conclusion Ginger ointment 10% was not effective in decreasing pain scores when compared to placebo ointment. No adverse event was reported within 60 mins of intervention among adult patients with musculoskeletal complaints.
Humans ; Ginger ; Acetaminophen ; Ointments

Introduction: Shivering is defined as an involuntary, repetitive activity of skeletal muscles. Mechanisms of shivering for patients undergoing surgical operation include intraoperative heat loss, increase sympathetic tone, pain, and systemic release of pyrogens. Regional anesthesia, particularly spinal anesthesia causes redistribution of core heat to the peripheral tissues this in turn predisposes patient to shivering and hypothermia. The median incidence of shivering related to regional anesthesia observed in a review of 21 studies is 55%. Paracetamol is one of the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drugs around the world, available without a prescription, it has analgesic and antipyretic property similar to NSAIDs it also affects core body temperature through the hypothalamus. Though different modalities have been established for shivering prevention, the search for a cost-effective drug with lesser side effects and improvement of patient satisfaction still continues. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prophylactic dose of Paracetamol on postanesthesia shivering on patients undergoing, gynecological procedures under spinal anesthesia as compared to patients not given Paracetamol. Methodology This is a Double blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled conducted in patients scheduled for benign gynecological procedures such as Hysterectomy with or without adnexectomy. Using simple random sampling through fishbowl method and a sample size of 42, all patients who consented to participate in the study was randomly assigned to receive Paracetamol 900 mg IV or Placebo 0.9% Saline intravenously 30 minutes prior to induction of spinal anesthesia. Incidence and severity of Shivering was documented using shivering five point scale outlined by Crossley and Mahajan, while patient satisfaction was also evaluated using the Likert Scale, possible side effects was also assessed.
Acetaminophen ; Anesthesia, Spinal

No abstract available.
Acetaminophen ; Naproxen* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Osteoarthritis, Knee*

Retrospective validation is a quality assurance tool which uses the historical data, esp. batch production records, of an existing product to provide the evidence that its process is under control. Retrospective validation does not deal with experiments but it requires systematic and comprehensive data analysis. In this work, the granule humidity content and the tablet thickness in the production process of paracetamol tablets including were validated by using Shewhart charts.
Acetaminophen ; Retrospective Studies ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

The concentration of paracetamol in rabbit blood is determined by HPLC with UV detection at the wavelength of 257 nm and mobile phase of CH3OH-H2¬O-CH3COOH (20:79:1). We have determined the extent and rate of drug absorption into blood (through Cmax, Tmax and AUC calculated from the blood concentrations) and the extent and rate of dissolution (by the dissolution test mainly based on the paddle method described in USP 23) with 3 different finished products of paracetamol (by two Vietnamese manufacturers and by Smithkline Beecham) of the same dosage form (500 mg tablet). The test was carried out on 5 rabbits for each product and the results showed that there was no significant difference between the domestic and foreign drugs in both dissolution and absorption
Acetaminophen ; Biological Availability ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Effects of aqueous extracts from the root of Morinda sp. were studied on liver injury induced by a high dose of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in rats. The results showed that the extract had a hepatoprotective effect at a dose of 10g/kg of body weight. The effect was similar to that of silymarin at a dose of 25mg/kg of body weight in terms of AST, ALT activities, total serum cholesterol and protein concentrations as well as macro-and microscopic histological studies of the liver.
Liver ; Acetaminophen ; Biochemistry ; animal experimentation