The hyper-methemoglobinemia causes the oxygen transfer disorder. The clinical symptoms depends on the level of methemoylobinemia. Hypermethemoglobinemia can be congenital or acquired hypermethemoglobinemia. The congenital hypermethemoglobinemia caused by partial or total methemoglobine reeducates deficiency in patients with rare genetic heterozygous enzyme deficiency due to the abnormal hemoglobin. The acquired hypermethemoglobinemia occurred after exposure to colour compound, food and drinking water with nitrate or drugs. The determination of causative agent of hypermethemoglobin help treating more effectively
Methemoglobin ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal ; Therapeutics ; Methemoglobinemia

No abstract available.
Administration, Intravesical* ; Humans ; Reflex, Abnormal*

Humans ; Hemoglobinopathies ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics*

The vibratory inhibition index(V.I.I.) of H-reflex, H/M(mean H-reflex amplitude / mean M wave amplitude) and F/M(mean F wave amplitude / mean M wave amplitude) ratios were measured in patients of hyperreflexia with or without spasticity. These data were compared with age-matched control subjects. In comparison to normals, V.I.I. And F/M ratios were increased at statistically significant levels(versus normal : V.I.I. P<0.001, F/M p<0.005) in patient group. And V.I.I.'s were inclined to be correlated with F/M ratios without statistical significance(r=0.27, p=0.21). H /M ratios showed no significant difference between patient and control groups. In these patients, the normal significant correlation between mean F wave amplitude and M wave amplitudes was maintained(p<0.01). F/M ratios were negatively correlated with rnotor nerve conductoion velocity(r= -0.72, p<0.01).These results indicate that V.I.I. And F/M ratios increase in patients with hyperreflexia and/or spasticity. Although mechanisms differ, the data are consistent with a similar physiological responses of H-reflex and F wave to spasticity.
H-Reflex* ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Reflex, Abnormal

PURPOSE: We classified DH(detrusor hyperreflexia) into variable urodynamic findings as DHIC(detrusor hyperreflexia with impaired contractility), DHDP(detrusor hyperreflexia with dyssynergia pattern), and NCDDH(non-impaired contractility < non-dyssynergia pattern detrusor hyperreflexia). The aim of this study was to elucidate the reliability of the difference among the classified DH through a urodynamic study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine patients showed DH, which was defined as an involuntary detrusor contraction of more than 15cmH2O with involuntary urine leakage with only a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), by urodynamic study. We classified DH(n=69) into three subgroups as DHIC(n=22)(Pdet.max<30cmH2O, Qmax<12ml/s), DHDP (n=19)(Pdet.max>50cmH2O, Qmax<12ml/s), and NICNDP-DH(n=28). RESULTS: Mean fraction of voided volume of DHIC(41.7+/-1.8%) and DHDP (38.3+/-2.2%) were significantly less than that of NCDDH (98.5+/-3.2%) according to the urodynamic study (p<0.01). Mean voiding pressure was 25.8+/-0.7cmH2O in DHIC, which was significantly less. However, 96.3+/-10.4cmH2O in DHDP was significantly more than that of NCDDH(p<0.01). Mean age was 83.8+/-1.2 years old in DHIC, which was significantly older than the mean age of the other groups(p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Variable findings of the urodynamic study were found in patients with DH as clinical parameters. Thus, we must treat the DH patients with individual therapy based on urodynamic findings.
Ataxia ; Humans ; Reflex, Abnormal* ; Stroke* ; Urodynamics*

Abnormal lipid metabolism associated with various renal diseases has been known for a long time. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the characteristic features of nephotic syndrome, and hypertriglyceridemia is often observed in chronic renal failure (CRF). The role of lipid abnormalities in the pathogenesis of renal diseases has been variously discussed. However, direct evidence only recently became possible when more sophisticated analyses of renal histopathology as well as an application of molecular biology were introduced in the field of clinical nephrology. The recent identification of lipoprotein nephropathy (LPG), reported most often by Japanese authors since 1989, is particularly noteworthy. The detailed analysis of lipid profiles and renal histology has been instrumental in clarifying the relationship between lipids and the kidney not only in LPG but also in other disease entities such as familial-type dyslipidemias, CRF, focal glomerulosclerosis, and diabetic nephropathy. Dyslipidemias common to these diseases, together with the presence of hypertension, cause systemic atherosclerotic lesions (including lesions in the kidney) and terminal renal failure.
seconds ; Kidney Diseases ; lipid metabolism ; Abnormal ; Lipids

No abstract available.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Hypohidrosis* ; Reflex, Abnormal*

Humans ; Hemoglobinopathies ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics* ; Oxygen

Hemoglobins, Abnormal ; Humans ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; alpha-Thalassemia

PURPOSE: To evaluate neurosurgical effect in the pediatric patients with myelodysplasia we reviewed preoperative and postoperative videourodynamic results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the 24 patients received untethering of spinal cord. Twenty postoperative urodynamic studies were performed between 6 months and 1 year, and 4 were performed at 3 months after operation. Uninhibited contraction and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia(DSD) were checked in the patients having detrusor contraction and leak pressure was measured in areflexic bladder. RESULTS: Preoperative normal urodynamic finding was found in 6 patients. Among them one patient showed hyperreflexia with synergic voiding after operation. Normal detrusor contraction with DSD was found in 2 patients preoperatively One of these patients changed to high pressure areflexia Nine patients showed hyperreflexia preoperatively. Four patients among them had DSD. Five hyperreflexic bladders without DSD showed normoreflexia without 858 in one, low pressure areflexia in 3 and no change in one after operation. Out of four patients with hyperreflexia having DSD 2 showed high pressure areflexia, 1 showed atomic bladder and no change was seen in one. Seven patients had areflexia preoperatively. One patient with low pressure areflexia preoperatively showed high pressure areflexia postoperatively and 6 patients with high pressure areflexia preoperatively showed hyperreflexia with DSD in two and atonic bladder in one and no changes in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS: From the above data we think that main urodynamic effect by neurosurgical treatment is decreasing detrusor activity. Although this effect on detrusor contraction is likely to be beneficial to myelodysplastic patients, more durable sphincteric activity may offset this profit.
Humans ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Spinal Cord ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics*