1.Validity, Reliability and Responsiveness of the Malay Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (M-SPADI) for Patients with Shoulder Pain
Abdul-Karim S ; Abdul-Hamid MS ; Ho CA ; Ling JCY
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2023;17(No.1):160-171
Introduction: The purpose of this study is to determine the
validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Malay
Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (M-SPADI) in Malay
speakers suffering from shoulder pain.
Materials and methods: The M-SPADI, the Numerical
Rating Scale (NRS), and measurements of shoulder active
range of motion (AROM) were completed by 140 patients
with shoulder pain (68 with rotator cuff pathology and 72
with other shoulder pathology). Thirty-four patients were
retested for test-retest reliability with M-SPADI after an
average of 9.2 days. M-SPADI was performed on twenty-one
individuals three months after completing treatment for
rotator cuff disorders to assess response.
Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed a
bidimensional structure for M-SPADI. M-SPADI disability
score was significantly greater in patients with rotator cuff
pathologies (median = 31.87, IQR 82.50) than in patients
with other shoulder pathologies (median = 20.00, IQR
23.84). In multi-group factor analysis, measurement
invariance revealed no significant difference between the
two groups (p>0.05). There was a significant positive
correlation between M-SPADI and NRS (Pain = 0.86,
Disability = 0.75, Total = 0.82, p=0.005), and a significant
negative correlation between M-SPADI and shoulder AROM
(Pain = -0.34 to -0.67, Disability =-0.44 to -0.73, Total =-
0.43 to -0.72, p=0.005). M-SPADI had a high degree of
internal consistency (Cronbach's 0.92 for pain and 0.95 for
disability). Test-retest reliability was moderate to excellent
(ICC Pain = 0.84, ICC Disability = 0.78, ICC Total = 0.81,
p=0.001), and the smallest detectable change ranges (Pain =
8.74, Disability = 3.21, Total = 3.83) were less than the
minimal detectable change ranges (Pain = 21.57, Disability
= 6.82, Total = 8.79). The area under the receiver operating
characteristic curve (AUC) for M-SPADI was greater than
0.90 (Pain = 0.99, Disability = 0.94, Total = 0.96).
Conclusion: The M-SPADI has established construct
validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and
responsiveness. The M-SPADI is a reliable and valid
instrument for evaluating shoulder pain among Malayspeaking individuals. In addition, the M-SPADI disability
subscale may be useful for monitoring functional score
changes in patients with rotator cuff pathology.
2.ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MALAYSIAN COMPETITIVE POWERLIFTERS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
A Hamid MS ; Shariff-Ghazali S ; Abdul Karim S
Journal of University of Malaya Medical Centre 2019;22(2):49-55
Background: Studies on the anthropometric, physical and physiological characteristics among Malaysian Paralympic powerlifters are limited. This study examined the sociodemographic, clinical information and anthropometric physical parameters of Paralympic powerlifters in Malaysia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during a Powerlifting Workshop and National Championship in 2016. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on powerlifters’ sociodemographic, sports participation history and medical information. All participants underwent a structured physical medical examination and anthropometric assessments. Results: Fifty-two powerlifters participated in this study. Mean age of participants was 24.50±SD8.25 year. The majority of the participants were men (82.7%) and most had spinal cord injury (34.6%) or amputation of the lower limb (26.9%). Most of the powerlifters competed at district and state level championships and 42.3% had represented Malaysia at international competitions. Women powerlifters had a significantly higher amount of body fat compared to men (35.61% vs 19.80%; p=0.003). Male power-lifters had significantly longer arm and forearm length (30.10±IQR3.00 cm vs 23.00±IQR2.13 cm; p=0.020). A significantly positive relationship was found between age, experience, weight, BMI, LBM, arm circumferences (relaxed and tensed) and the powerlifter’s best lift. Age, experience, body weight, BMI, lean body mass, body fat, hip circumference and arm circumferences (relaxed and tensed) met the criteria for inclusion in a multivariate model. Years of experience and non-dominant arm circumference (tensed) were significant predictors of best lifts among powerlifters. Conclusion: In conclusion, assessment of anthropometric measures could be useful in monitoring athletes’ progress with training and have a role in the talent identification program for Paralympic powerlifters
3.Effects of occupational sunlight exposure and monsoon season on vitamin D concentration among outdoor and indoor workers in Malaysia
Norliyana Aris ; Amal K. Mitra ; Wan Mohd Izani Bin Wan Mohamed ; Wan Abdul Manan Bin Wan Muda ; Hamid Jan Bin Jan Mohamed
Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 2020;26(No.3):425-439
Introduction: Despite abundant sunshine for cutaneous vitamin D synthesis, low
levels of vitamin D have been documented among the Malaysian population. The aim
of this study was to characterise the effects of occupational sunlight exposure and
monsoon season on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. Methods:
A comparative cross-sectional study was performed among Malay outdoor (n=119)
and indoor workers (n=119) in Kelantan. Two-point data were collected on the same
participants, first during non-monsoon season and second during the northeast
monsoon season. Data collection comprised of anthropometry measurements (body
mass index and body fat), fasting blood test [serum 25(OH)D concentration], and
questionnaire (physical activity level, sun exposure, sun protection use, and vitamin
D intake). Vitamin D classification was based on the 2011 Endocrine Society Clinical
Practice Guidelines. Results: This study found that serum 25(OH)D concentrations
were significantly higher in outdoor compared to indoor workers irrespective of
season (p<0.001) and sex (p<0.001). Monsoonal differences in serum 25(OH)D
concentration was only observed in male outdoor workers (mean difference=10.39
nmol/l, p<0.001). Significant association between vitamin D status and occupation
was also observed (p<0.001). However, no significant association was found between
vitamin D status and monsoon season [χ2(1)=0.076, p=0.783]. Conclusion: Seasonal
and occupational factors should be considered while evaluating individual serum
25(OH)D concentration and in comparing community studies, especially among
workers.