Damage Control Resuscitation and Surgery is the concept of controlled hypotension, haemostatic resuscitation and abbreviated surgical procedures following severe trauma; the practice of which has resulted in improved mortality and morbidity. We describe a rare case of thoraco-abdominal impalement successfully managed based on the concept of Damage Control Resuscitation.
Hypotension

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most prevalent joint disease worldwide which reduces function and quality of life. It is linked to balance disorders and increased fall risk. Core strengthening may potentially improve balance, pain, and function in these patients. Methods: This pre-post intervention study involved 20 subjects who were diagnosed with KOA. Ten KOA patients (55.90 ± 7.74 years) in the control group (CG) received conventional treatment only, while 10 intervention group (IG) patients (56.40 ±8.87 years) received conventional treatment and core strengthening. Both groups performed thrice weekly home-based exercises for 6 weeks. Static and dynamic balance, functional-perfomance tests, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) assessing pain and function was done at baseline and after 6 weeks, with KOOS repeated after 12 weeks. Results: There was statistically significant within-group improvement in KOOS pain and function (p<0.05) after 6 and 12 weeks, however in between-group difference was insignificant. Functional tests and balance showed more improvement in the IG but was insignificant (p>0.05). No adverse events were reported with core strengthening in the IG. Conclusion Core strengthening is a safe, practical, and feasible intervention for KOA patients which may improve balance, pain, and physical function.
Exercise

Introduction: Adequate daily intake of fruits and vegetables is crucial for the prevention of chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the effects of My Body is Fit and Fabulous at School (MyBFF@school) with nutrition education intervention (NEI) on the stages of change for fruit and vegetable intake among overweight and obese secondary school children based on the trans-theoretical model (TTM). Methods: This was a cluster randomised controlled trial involving 15 out of 415 eligible government secondary schools in central Peninsular Malaysia, which were randomly assigned into intervention (six schools; 579 school children) and control (nine schools; 462 school children). The intervention group was given NEI for 24 weeks, while the control group followed the existing school programme by the Ministry of Education. Results: There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups for the stages of change, with majority at the maintenance stage after six months (intervention: 34.9%; control: 39.0%). The within group analysis showed a significant reduction after six months for those at the action stage (action and maintenance stage) from 68.0% to 60.4% in the intervention group and from 71.4% to 65.6% in the control group. However, there was a significant increase among those with adequate fruit and vegetable intake in the intervention group and no significant increase in the control group. Conclusion: MyBFF@school with NEI based on TTM provided acceptable changes in fruit and vegetable intake among overweight and obese secondary school children.