Disused rat hindlimb caused by sciatic denervation is characterized by osteopenia accompanying alterations in trabecular bone architecture. We studied the effects of short-term denervation followed by reinnervation on the 2-dimensional architecture of trabecular bone using a unilateral sciatic nerve freezing model rat of temporary disuse. Male Fischer-344 rats aged 11-weeks underwent unilateral hind-limb denervation by either sciatic neurectomy (SN) or nerve freezing (NF) by contact with a stainless steel rod cooled in liquid nitrogen, while control rats were sham-operated. Right and left tibiae of denervated and control rats were obtained at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks after surgery. Histomorphometric analyses were performed on longitudinal sections of proximal tibial metaphyseal secondary spongiosa. Sciatic denervation by SN or NF resulted in a marked loss of trabecular bone, mostly within first 2 weeks after denervation. Trabecular bone area decreased and gradually recovered with the breaking point at 3 weeks, returning to approximately 55% of basal-control levels (at 0 weeks) by 5 weeks after NF. Both the thickness and length of trabecular bone were significantly decreased after denervation. Trabecular thickness at 5 weeks after NF was significantly greater compared to that at 3 weeks after NF and at 5 weeks after SN, while decreased trabecular length after NF did not during the experimental period. These findings suggest that 1) sciatic nerve freezing results in marked loss of trabecular bone, mostly within the first 2 weeks after surgery ; 2) temporary denervation and subsequent reinnervation reversibly affects trabecular bone architecture, particularly trabecular thickness.