This paper mainly introduces the origin and development of the slit-lamp microscope, the basic structure, working principle and test methods, focuses on diffuse illumination, direct focal illumination, indirect illumination, retro illumination, zone of specular reflection and slit-lamp filter used in the optical inspection, to provide the reference for clinical general optometry practitioners and using slit-lamp microscope widely and standardized.
Lighting ; instrumentation ; Ophthalmology ; instrumentation

Objective:To design a automatic classification system for leukocytes in order to increase detection speed of manual microscope inspection and reduce the inaccurate detected results in clinical laboratory; and to evaluate this system.Methods: In this system, the image processing and algorithm classifying were achieved by MATLAB software consisted of digital image processing module and automatic classification module. Classification decision for discrimination function and simulated detection for this system were achieved by using automatic classification module.Results: In the simulation experiments, the detection results for sample cell demonstrated the recognition accuracy can achieve to 93% and the speed can achieve to 97.8 cells per second for this system.Conclusion: The automatic recognition and classification system for leukocyte not only reduces human consumption, but also improves the detection accuracy and detection speed for leukocyte, and it has some significant in clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: To provide references for the control of drug advertisements in China. METHODS: The reasons accountable for the illegal drug advertisements that failed to be eliminated were investigated thoroughly by summarizing their manifestation patterns, meanwhile some corresponding countermeasures were brought forward. RESULT & CONCLUSION: The department concerned should strengthen the control of drug advertisements, purify drug advertisement market, and prevent the hidden danger of drug safety from happening.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the perioperative use of drugs in epileptic patients.METHODS:By a retrospective analysis,the general condition,and drug use before,during and after operation of 117 epileptic inpatients in our hospital in 2006 was analyzed statistically.RESULTS:71(60.7%)epileptic patients before operation versus 83(70.9%)after operation received blood routine test and biochemical test.105(89.7%)received anti-epileptic drugs alone versus 12(10.3%)received combined drugs.The mean administration duration was 6.5 d for antibiotics versus 4.3 d for hormones.CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to the perioperative drug use in epileptic patients to standardize the use of antibiotics and hormones and follow the rational drug use principle so as to keep seizure under control and improve the quality of life for epileptic patients.

High-quality medical talents must possess high accomplishment of logical thinking,but the current logic thinking standard of medical students is far from the needs of modern medical development.Therefore,setting up of a "logical thinking training" course for medical students is necessary and significant for the innovation,diagnosis,nursing care and management of modern medicine.The theoretical and practical conditions for the new course are both mature with feasibility.

Objective To explore effects of community health education on awareness of hypertension and compliance behavior of hypertensive patients. Methods 300 patients with hypertension aged 18-70 yrs were selected from Hongqiao district of Tianjin in December 2007, and given health education for six-month, including the diagnostic criteria, the main clinical features, common risk factors and treatment-related knowledge, and targeted to help them establishing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. A questionnaire survey was conducted before (in December 2007) and after (in July 2008) health education and blood pressure was measured. Results Before and after health education, the differences were statistically significant on awareness rates of the diagnostic criteria for hypertension, the main clinical features, risk factors, no cure for hypertension and should take medication, continue with medication even after feeling good (P

The IRB/EC chairman plays an important role in the work of an IRB/EC.He must in part be an enthusiastic leader and expert on medicine,legal regulations,ethical issues and management.The main purpose of IRB/EC chairman is to help inspire IRB/EC members to perform their ethical review work well in IRB/EC without being interfered by outside factors.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of Compound jianghuang decoction in preventing nonproliferate diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) from developing into proliferate diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS:The clinical data of 123 patients(208 eyes) with NPDR receiving Compound jianghuang decoction(n = 64 cases,treatment group) or low dose of enteric - coated aspirin(n = 59,control group) in addition to hypoglycemic drugs administered in both groups to control blood sugar level were analyzed retrospectively.The clinical efficacy in the two groups was observed by fundus examination and fundus fluorescein angiography.RESULTS:The proportion of developing into PDR in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group.CONCLUSION:Compound jianghuang decoction is effective in suppressing retinal neovascularization and preventing NPDR from developing into PDR.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the method of training clinical pharmacists.METHODS: The experience of training clinical pharmacists was introduced.RESULTS: We can train clinical pharmacists to learn basic theories through finding problems from the clinical practice.Clinical pharmacists' level of basic knowledge could be improved by adhering to clinical practice.The basic skills of clinical pharmacists in communicating with patients can be learned by applying the methods such as examining,companying,encouraging and complementing.CONCLUSION: Basic theories,basic knowledge and basic skills should be emphasized in the training of clinical pharmacists.

Organs experience three states in organ transplantation,including in-vivo state,in-vitro state,and the implanted state.The in-vivo organs can also be divided into two types by their origins,that is,from an intro-vital body or from a mortal body.Organs from an intro-vital body are not merely objects,but the vectors for personality,and therefore in such case the subject only holds the limited autonomy for his/her own organs.Organs from a mortal body are objects,but can not be regarded as the objects of autonomy.They can only be regarded as the objects of disposal right,thus the disposal of mortal organs should obey the pre-death wish of the dead,or the wish of the family members of the dead,and meanwhile obey the norms of custom and social interests.The in-vitro organs are merely objects,thus could be donated and presented,but could never be transacted.The implanted organs enjoy the same attributes and status as those from a living body.