MicroRNA (miRNA)is a kind of endogenous non-coding protein single-chain small RNA consisted of 18~25 nucleotides.In recent years,researches found that miRNAs played important modulating role in occurrence and development of heart diseases.This article made an overview for that.

Pituitary adenoma,which originates from the pituitary gland,is a common tumor of the nervous and endocrine system,accounting for about 8% to 15% of the brain tumor.The peak incidence of pituitary tumor is 30 to 60 years old.Most of them show slow and limited growth,but 30% to 40% of them show aggressive growth.Surgical treatment has been the first choice so far(except for the prolactinoma),and at present,the domestic scholars advocate that the whole tumor should be cut as far as possible in the case of the most important structure,and carries on the comprehensive treatment.In this study,the comprehensive treatment of pituitary adenomas has been reviewed.

AIM: To establish a method of simultaneous determining 4 components in Shengmai Injection (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng Rubra,Radix Ophiopogonis,Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis). METHODS: Four components:ginsenoside Rg_1、ginsenoside Re、ginsenoside Rb_1 and schisandrin in Shengmai Injection were determined simultaneously by HPLC, using a waters symmetryshield TMRP_(18) column(4.6 mm?250 mm; 5.0 ?m),acetonitrile-water as a mobile phase. The detection wavelength was at 203nm. RESULTS: The relationship between the concentrations and the peak areas of ginsenoside Rg_1、ginsenoside Re、ginsenoside Rb_1 and schisandrin was linear respectively.The RSD of precision,repeatability and recovery were all less than 1%. CONCLUSION: The method is simultaneous determination for four components in Shengmai Injection,and can be applied to the quality control of Shengmai Injection.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Balanophora simaoensis. Methods Chromatography and spectra were used to isolate the constituents and elucidate their structures. Results Four compounds were isolated from whole plant of B. simaoensis and elucidated as methylconiferin (Ⅰ), butylconiferin (Ⅱ), 4-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl confieryl aldehyde (Ⅲ), and brevifolin (Ⅳ), respectively. Conclusion Butylconiferin is a new compound.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Phlomis medicinalis.Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by various modern chromatography techniques and the structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses.Results Ten compounds were obtained and elucidated as 1-dehydroxyshanzhigenin methyl ester(Ⅰ),notohamosin A(Ⅱ),verbascoside(Ⅲ),3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol(Ⅳ),succinic acid(Ⅴ),sucrose(Ⅵ),2,6-difructose(Ⅶ),butyl-?-D-fructopyanoside(Ⅷ),D-glucose(Ⅸ),and D-fructose(Ⅹ).Conclusion All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time,compound Ⅱ is obtained from the plants of Phlomis Linn.for the first time,and compound Ⅰ is a new one.

AIM: To study Cordyceps sinesis and its cultured mycelia by HPLC.METHODS: An HPLC established for the fingerprints of cordyceps sinensis and its cultured mycelia was performed on an Agilent C18(4.6 mm ? 25 mm,5 ?m)as column and acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution in gradient as mobile phase.The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min,and the detection wavelength was set at 260 nm.RESULTS: There were 6 common peaks in HPLC fingerprint of Cordyceps corensis and its cultured mycelia,three of which were determined as uracil,adenosine,cordycepin.CONCLUSION: The method can be used for the study of fingerprints of cultured mycelia.

Objective: To study the specificity of the determination method for catechin and epicatechin in Catechu. Method: Contents of catechin and epicatechin in 7 kinds of crude drugs and 3 kinds of preparations of Catechu were determined. Results: As sampling 100 times as much as Catechu, catechin and epicatechin could be both detected in Semen Arecae, and catechin could be detected in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Herba Ephedrae and Radix Sanguisorbae. Conclusion:This method can be used for the quality control of Catechu and its preparations and is of specificity.

Urethral reconstruction is required in congenital abnormalities such as hypospadia and urethral stricture caused by trauma or infection. The development of tissue engineering has brought new hope to the field of urethral reconstruction. Much progress has been made in the experimental and clinical research of using tissue engineering for urethral reconstruction as well as the research of the scaffold materials. This review focuses on the recent progress in this field.