Background: A rare angioproliferative condition of the larynx, Kaposhi sarcoma typically affects the skin. Immunosuppressive treatment following organ transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus infection are the causes. Every type of Kaposi sarcoma has human herpesvirus-8. Laryngeal kaposi sarcoma is uncommon in immunocompromised patients; since its initial identification in 1965, 18 cases have been documented globally. A CO2 laser-assisted laryngeal microsurgery is performed through the mouth cavity to remove tumor when kaposi sarcoma of the larynx obstructs the airway. Case report: A 77-year-old woman complained of hoarseness, dry mouth, odynophagia, and dysphagia three months prior when she arrived at the Mongolian-Japan Hospital. Two years ago, she acquired hard, sensitive lumps that were palpable on her right arm, left ankle, and right thigh. At that time, she was diagnosed with Kaposiform hemangiodermatitis and treated at the National Center for Dermatology. HIV test results were negative. Immunohistochemistry: CD31 +/-, CD34 /+/. Using flexible nasopharyngeal endoscopy to get the diagnosis: There was a mass that was about 1.5–2–5 cm in diameter, bluish in color, smooth and movable, and spongy and vascular on the larynx, on the nasopharynx, behind the palatine tonsills, and supraglottic. Surgery: Through the use of Kleinsasser laryngoscopy and a 0-degree endoscope, pathological tissues were extracted under general anesthesia using a laryngeal microsurgical instrument and a laparoscopic bipolar coagulator. The tissues were then sent for histological evaluation, which revealed Kaposi sarcoma, sarcoma grade 1. Results of treatment Pain decreased and quality of life increased following surgery. Upon nasopharyngeal endoscopy, the vocal cord mobility was normal and the surgical incision was clean. Conclusion: Kaposi sarcoma is an extremely uncommon illness. A lower quality of life and further issues can be avoided with an early diagnosis and suitable therapy. It also needs to be continuously monitored because it is a potentially repeatable disease.

Tumor lineage plasticity (LP) is an emerging hallmark of cancer progression. Through pharmacologically probing the function of epigenetic regulators in prostate cancer cells and organoids, we identified bromodomain protein BRD4 as a crucial player. Integrated ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis of tumors revealed, for the first time, that BRD4 directly activates hundreds of genes in the LP programs which include neurogenesis, axonogenesis, EMT and stem cells and key drivers such as POU3F2 (BRN2), ASCL1/2, NeuroD1, SOX2/9, RUNX1/2 and DLL3. Interestingly, BRD4 genome occupancy is reprogrammed by anti-AR drugs from facilitating AR function in CRPC cells to activating the LP programs and is facilitated by pioneer factor FOXA1. Significantly, we demonstrated that BRD4 inhibitor AZD5153, currently at clinical development, possesses potent activities in complete blockade of tumor growth of both de novo neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and treatment-induced NEPC PDXs and that suppression of tumor expression of LP programs through reduction of local chromatin accessibility is the primary mechanism of action (MOA) by AZD5153. Together, our study revealed that BRD4 plays a fundamental role in direct activation of tumor LP programs and that its inhibitor AZD5153 is highly promising in effective treatment of the lethal forms of the diseases.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of in hospital death in patients with acute circulatory failure, and to further construct the prediction model.Methods:This study retrospectively analysed clinical data of 224 shock patients admitted to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People’s Hospital from January 2014 to January 2023, and patients were eligible for shock diagnosis according to the expert consensus of emergency clinical practice in China for acute circulatory failure. Including age, gender, admission diagnosis and other basic information, as well as platelet, lactic acid, lymphocyte count, NK cell count, CD4, CD8 and other indicators completed within 24 hours of admission.They were divided into survival group and death group according to the condition at discharge.Variables with P<0.1 in the univariate analysis were included in the LASSO regression model to screen out the most important predictors of hospital death in ACF patients, and the prediction model was constructed by Logistic regression.The model differentiation was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the calibration degree of the prediction model. Finally, clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to test the clinical benefit and application value of the model. Results:A total of 224 ACF patients, 113 survived and 111 died. The results of the univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, mental status, type of shock, respiratory rate, APACHE score, lymphocyte count, lactate, CD4, CD8 and qsofa ( P<0.05).The Logistic regression prediction model was constructed according to the 4 predictors and outcome variables selected by LASSO method,in which increased delirium, coma, respiratory rate and APACHE score were risk factors and increased CD4 was a protective factor.The above indicators were used to construct a line graph model for predicting in-hospital death in ACF patients, with a probability cut-off value of 0.4404 for predicting in-hospital death, corresponding to a total line graph score of approximately 136.This model had an AUC of 0.830 (0.764-0.895), a sensitivity of 81.25% and a specificity of 68.83%.The Hosmer-Lemshow test for the modelling set showed χ 2=712 and P=0.624, suggesting good accuracy of the model predictions.The assessment of the DCA analysis showed that the net benefit of the model was significantly higher than the two extreme conditions and had good clinical applicability. Conclusions:Mental status, respiratory rate, APACHE score as risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute circulatory failure and CD4 as a protective factor. The predictive model constructed from this may predict the risk of in-hospital death in patients and has certain clinical application value.

In this research, we evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts from four distinct parts of Calicotome villosa from Morocco (flowers, leaves, stems and roots).Quantification of total polyphenols by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and flavonoids by the aluminum trichloride method revealed variable concentrations. The hydroalcoholic leaf extracts showed the highest concentrations of total polyphenols (35.21 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (58.67 mg QE/g extract), while the hydroalcoholic root extract showed the highest content of condensed tannins, determined by the vanillin method. The antioxidant activity of extracts was assessed using three complementary methods; DPPH free radical scavenging, iron reduction (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The IC50 obtained for the DPPH test ranged from 0.05 mg/mL (for hydroalcoholic leaf extracts) to 0.41 mg/mL (for aqueous root extracts), showing a lower free radical scavenging activity than ascorbic acid (0.001 mg/mL). According to the FRAP method, the leaf fraction showed a higher reducing power than other parts of the plant, although slightly lower than that of ascorbic acid. Compounds in root and leaf extracts have a significant total antioxidant capacity, followed by stems and flowers, in the order of 0.34 ± 0.07 (hydroalcoholic roots) and 0.30 ± 0.06 (hydroalcoholic leaves) mg EAA/g extract. As regards antimicrobial activity, hydroalcoholic extracts showed significant inhibition against several multi-resistant bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Dickey asolani, Pectobacterium wasabiae and Pectobacterium brasiliensis, but no effect was observed against Candida albicans across all extracts tested.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children is a significant public health concern, increasing the risk of infant mortality. Immunodeficiency caused by HIV favors the development of opportunistic infections (OIs), which are responsible for over 90% of HIV-related deaths. This study seeks to determine the primary OIs in children with HIV followed at the Hassan II Regional Hospital Center in Sous Massa, during the period from 2012 to 2023. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study is the first in Morocco to investigate OIs among HIV-infected children. It analyzed 76 complete medical records, using a data collection form designed based on existing literature. Results: This study revealed that 37% of participants were suffering from OIs, mainly diarrhea (11%), tuberculosis (9%) and pneumonia (7%).There was a significant correlation between OIs and HIV clinical stage (P=0.001), age (P=0.007), and anemia (P=0.001). Despite progress in management, the presence of OIs remains a risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of early detection, prevention, and adherence to treatment in reducing this burden. Management of anemia is essential.

In this research, we evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts from four distinct parts of Calicotome villosa from Morocco (flowers, leaves, stems and roots).Quantification of total polyphenols by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and flavonoids by the aluminum trichloride method revealed variable concentrations. The hydroalcoholic leaf extracts showed the highest concentrations of total polyphenols (35.21 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (58.67 mg QE/g extract), while the hydroalcoholic root extract showed the highest content of condensed tannins, determined by the vanillin method. The antioxidant activity of extracts was assessed using three complementary methods; DPPH free radical scavenging, iron reduction (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The IC50 obtained for the DPPH test ranged from 0.05 mg/mL (for hydroalcoholic leaf extracts) to 0.41 mg/mL (for aqueous root extracts), showing a lower free radical scavenging activity than ascorbic acid (0.001 mg/mL). According to the FRAP method, the leaf fraction showed a higher reducing power than other parts of the plant, although slightly lower than that of ascorbic acid. Compounds in root and leaf extracts have a significant total antioxidant capacity, followed by stems and flowers, in the order of 0.34 ± 0.07 (hydroalcoholic roots) and 0.30 ± 0.06 (hydroalcoholic leaves) mg EAA/g extract. As regards antimicrobial activity, hydroalcoholic extracts showed significant inhibition against several multi-resistant bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Dickey asolani, Pectobacterium wasabiae and Pectobacterium brasiliensis, but no effect was observed against Candida albicans across all extracts tested.

In this research, we evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts from four distinct parts of Calicotome villosa from Morocco (flowers, leaves, stems and roots).Quantification of total polyphenols by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and flavonoids by the aluminum trichloride method revealed variable concentrations. The hydroalcoholic leaf extracts showed the highest concentrations of total polyphenols (35.21 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (58.67 mg QE/g extract), while the hydroalcoholic root extract showed the highest content of condensed tannins, determined by the vanillin method. The antioxidant activity of extracts was assessed using three complementary methods; DPPH free radical scavenging, iron reduction (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The IC50 obtained for the DPPH test ranged from 0.05 mg/mL (for hydroalcoholic leaf extracts) to 0.41 mg/mL (for aqueous root extracts), showing a lower free radical scavenging activity than ascorbic acid (0.001 mg/mL). According to the FRAP method, the leaf fraction showed a higher reducing power than other parts of the plant, although slightly lower than that of ascorbic acid. Compounds in root and leaf extracts have a significant total antioxidant capacity, followed by stems and flowers, in the order of 0.34 ± 0.07 (hydroalcoholic roots) and 0.30 ± 0.06 (hydroalcoholic leaves) mg EAA/g extract. As regards antimicrobial activity, hydroalcoholic extracts showed significant inhibition against several multi-resistant bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Dickey asolani, Pectobacterium wasabiae and Pectobacterium brasiliensis, but no effect was observed against Candida albicans across all extracts tested.

Being commonly diagnosed in elderly women and associated with comorbidities as well as ageing-related cardio-vascular changes, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been recently considered as a distinct cardiogeriatric syndrome. Frailty is another frequent geriatric syndrome. HFpEF and frailty share common underlying mechanisms, often co-exist, and represent each other’s risk factors. A threshold of 65 years old is usually used to screen patients for both frailty and HFpEF in research and clinical settings. However, both HFpEF and frailty are very heterogenous conditions that may develop at younger ages. In this review we aim to provide a broader overview on the coexistence of HFpEF and frailty throughout the lifetime. We hypothesize that HFpEF and frailty patients’ profiles (young, elderly, superaged) represent a continuum of the common ageing process modified by cumulative exposure to risk factors resulting to a presentation of HFpEF and frailty at different ages. We believe, that suggested approach might stimulate assessment of frailty in HFpEF assessment and vice versa regardless of age and early implementation of targeted interventions. Future studies of pathophysiology, clinical features, and outcomes of frailty in HFpEF by age are needed.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children is a significant public health concern, increasing the risk of infant mortality. Immunodeficiency caused by HIV favors the development of opportunistic infections (OIs), which are responsible for over 90% of HIV-related deaths. This study seeks to determine the primary OIs in children with HIV followed at the Hassan II Regional Hospital Center in Sous Massa, during the period from 2012 to 2023. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study is the first in Morocco to investigate OIs among HIV-infected children. It analyzed 76 complete medical records, using a data collection form designed based on existing literature. Results: This study revealed that 37% of participants were suffering from OIs, mainly diarrhea (11%), tuberculosis (9%) and pneumonia (7%).There was a significant correlation between OIs and HIV clinical stage (P=0.001), age (P=0.007), and anemia (P=0.001). Despite progress in management, the presence of OIs remains a risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of early detection, prevention, and adherence to treatment in reducing this burden. Management of anemia is essential.

In this research, we evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts from four distinct parts of Calicotome villosa from Morocco (flowers, leaves, stems and roots).Quantification of total polyphenols by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and flavonoids by the aluminum trichloride method revealed variable concentrations. The hydroalcoholic leaf extracts showed the highest concentrations of total polyphenols (35.21 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (58.67 mg QE/g extract), while the hydroalcoholic root extract showed the highest content of condensed tannins, determined by the vanillin method. The antioxidant activity of extracts was assessed using three complementary methods; DPPH free radical scavenging, iron reduction (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The IC50 obtained for the DPPH test ranged from 0.05 mg/mL (for hydroalcoholic leaf extracts) to 0.41 mg/mL (for aqueous root extracts), showing a lower free radical scavenging activity than ascorbic acid (0.001 mg/mL). According to the FRAP method, the leaf fraction showed a higher reducing power than other parts of the plant, although slightly lower than that of ascorbic acid. Compounds in root and leaf extracts have a significant total antioxidant capacity, followed by stems and flowers, in the order of 0.34 ± 0.07 (hydroalcoholic roots) and 0.30 ± 0.06 (hydroalcoholic leaves) mg EAA/g extract. As regards antimicrobial activity, hydroalcoholic extracts showed significant inhibition against several multi-resistant bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Dickey asolani, Pectobacterium wasabiae and Pectobacterium brasiliensis, but no effect was observed against Candida albicans across all extracts tested.