The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the prevalence of congenital colour vision defects among male secondary school students in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara city, Saudi Arabia. A total of 1154 male secondary school students were selected randomly through a multi-stage sampling method. Ishihara 24-plates was used to screen for colour blindness. The overall prevalence of congenital colour vision defects was 3.3% with 1% protanopes and 2.3% deuteranopes. The prevalence of congenital colour vision defect among Saudis was 2.48% and (5.48%) among non-Saudis. In conclusion, the prevalence of congenital colour vision defect among male secondary school students of Al-Madinah Al-Munawara city is comparable to previously reported in central Saudi Arabia, but lower than for Caucasian.
congenital ; colour vision deficiency ; Ishihara colour testing ; prevalence ; Saudi Arabia ; protanopes ; deuteranopes.

ntroduction: This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity, sedentary behaviour, television (TV) watching, small screen recreation (SSR), and perinatal life influences (breast-feeding, birth weight) among Jordanian school children. Methods: A total of 117 school children (56 obese and 61 normal weight) aged between 11 and 15 years were selected by using multistage cluster sampling method. Parents were requested to complete the first part of a questionnaire on family background,while the second part on adolescent sedentary behaviour was completed by the participants in the school. Anthropometric data were collected and presence of fat mass (%FM) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: Sedentary behaviour (hours/day) was significantly higher in obese school children compared to normal weight (4.43±0.60, 3.29±0.68, respectively; P <0.05), and positively associated with BMI (r=0.270, P<0.05). Normal weight children spent less time on watching TV (hours/day) compared to obese children (2.01±0.10, 2.34±0.16, respectively; P<0.05), and spent 2.55±1.6 (hours/day) in small screen recreation (SSR) compared to 3.89±1.0 (hours/day) of obese children. Both watching TV and SSR was significantly associated with BMI (r=0.260, r=0.201, respectively; P<0.05). Duration of exclusive breastfeeding (months) was significantly higher in normal weight than obese children (7.70±3.01, 5.05±2.01, respectively; P<0.05), and negatively associated with BMI (r=-0.254) and %FM (r =-0.330). Conclusion: Sedentary behaviour and watching TV were important risk factors for obesity among 11-15 years old Jordanian school children. A national policy promoting active living and reducing sedentary behaviour among school children is recommended.

Maxillary labial and buccal frena are considered as normal anatomic structures in the oral cavity. However, they may exist intraorally as a thick broad fibrous attachment and/or become located near the crest of the residual ridge, thus interfering with proper denture border extension resulting in inferior denture stability, retention and overall patient satisfaction. This case report highlights the importance of clinical examination and treatment planning which may mandate preprosthetic surgery prior to fabrication of a new conventional complete denture. Adequate patient satisfaction with conventional complete dentures can be significantly increased after frenectomy.
Aged ; Denture Retention ; Denture, Complete ; Dentures ; Humans ; Mouth ; Patient Satisfaction ; Retention (Psychology)

Serum concentrations of sialic acid, fucose, prealbumin(PA ), ?1-antitrypsin (?1-AT), ?1-acid glycoproteins(?1-AGP), haptoglobin (HP) and transferrin (TF) were measured in 94 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 65 cancer of larynx. Statistical evalution was made with stepwise discriminant analysis, and the discriminant functions were obtained. The effectiveness of allocation were examined on every one of all patients in the original data, Our results suggested, with the discriminant function equation consisting of serum PA, ?1-AT, ?1-AGP, HP and TF concentrations we could best separate the patients sufferng from nasopharyngeal or laryngeal carcinoma from the normal; the effective rate of discriminant was 87.36% and 88% for nasopharyngeal carcinoma from normal and laryngeal carcin-oma from normal respectively. However using discriminant function equation,composed of serum sialic acid, PA and ?1-AT, we could also discriminate nasopharyngeal or laryngeal carcinoma with recurrence from the one with non-recurrence, the effective rate of discriminant was 93.1% and 80% for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and cancer of larynx respectively

In this paper, we reported the radiographic characteristics of arterio-portal shunt in 59 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma. All eases were arbitrarily divided into three types, the peripheral, central, and mixed. The angiographic manifestations of all types were described in detail with emphases on discusion of the mechanism of the pormation of arterio-portal shun, and the orientation of interventional approach. We suggested that active and solemn attitude should be taken but with different ways be considered rather than ignoring it, for obtaining the positive results.

Anti-HBs,HBeAg,Anti-HBcIgM weremeasured in 322 cases of HBsAgnegative hepatitis.It was foundthat 120 of which were positive forthose HBV infecting markres,indi-cating that the HBV infecting ratewas very high(37.3%)in HBsAgNegative hepatitis.The authorspointed out that for the diagnosisof HBV infection all the infectingmarkers mentioned above should beroutinely detected,especially forAnti-HBcIgM.

The influences of tbe two kinds ofserum on cryopreservation of lym-phocytes was examined with respectto the functional activities of therecovered cells,and highly reco-vered and viable cells were obtainedafter cryopreservation in the mediacontaining either human AB serumor new-born calf serum,The blastTransformation of the lymphocytesfrozen withAB serum was higherthan that with new-born calf serum,while(the new-born calf serum,wasof benefit to the stability of cellmembrane Secepeors and the forma-tion of rosettes.

TTH and DNP-BSA delayed hyper-sensitivity(DH)were transfered tononimmune human recipients withGoose derived transfer factor(TF-G)prepared from blood and spleen ofGoose immunized with TTH or DNP-BSA.Only human recipients injec—ted with immune TF-G showed DHskin reactivity by skin test.TTHDH response were only transferedby TTH specific TF-G but not DNPBSA specific TF-G and the DNP-BSAdermal reactivity could only be ob-served when DNP-BSA specific TF-G were employed.The fact that TF-G was able to tranfer donor specificDTH to human recipients suggestedthat there may be no absolute speciesbarriers for DTH transfer with TF.

In this paper,immunosuppression ofNK activity induced by(1)Human se-minal Plasma(HSP)and its Fraction-1 on sephadex G-100 in vitro;(2)in-travenous injection of HSP,Fraction-1 or mice sperm and(3)uptake of HSP,Fraction-1 or,mice sperm via rectalroute were studied.It has been pro-ved by our experiment that HSP,Fraction-1 and mice sperm possesspotent immunosuppressive effect interm of NK activity inhibition.Ascompared with intravenous injection,the immunosuppression induced byrectal exposure of HSP,Fraction-1or mice sperm is much stronger

Most of the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome(LUFS)happens to women with menstrual disorders and is one of the important factors in "unexplained infertility". The mechanism of LUFS is still unknown. Using classic criteria, such as basal body temperature, serum progesterone, endomtrium biopsy and crystals of cervical mucous one can not distinguish the LUFS cycles from the ovulatory ones. There were low reports in our country in this aspect. In the reproductive endocrinology and infertility outpatient department we have found 2 cases of LUFS through ultrasound and laboratory findings. In this article, the pathophysiologic mechanism of this sydrome, its diagnostic method and index are discussed, and some problems concerning fertility and sterility are proposed.