The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cervical traction on the soleus H reflex amplitude. Young healthy men were recruited as the subjects. In experiment 1, cervical traction under three conditions, i. e. at an intensity of 3 kgf, 6 kgf or 9 kgf was applied to the subjects in the experimental group for a duration of 1 minute in the second minute of each trial. In experiment 2, cervical traction at an intensity of 3 kgf for a duration of 1 minute, 2 minutes, or 3 minutes was applied to the subjects in the experimental group. Cervical traction was not applied to the subjects in the control group. The soleus H reflex amplitude was measured before, during, and after cervical traction.
The H reflex amplitudes under the 9kgf condition were largest and positive for every block, whereas those under the 3 kgf condition were smallest among the three experimental conditions employed. Significantly smaller H reflex amplitude compared to that in the control was observed under the 3 kgf condition.
In experiment 2, the H reflex amplitudes under every experimental condition employed were smaller than that in the control. However, the differences in degree of depression of the soleus H reflex amplitudes among the three duration conditions were not significant.
This study shows that cervical traction at an intensity of 3kgf depresses the gain of the soleus H reflex pathway. The cause of this depression may be an “after-effect” or flexor reflex afferents. A difference in the duration of cervical traction didn't result in any difference in the soleus H reflex amplitude.

A study was conducted to investigate the neural connection between the afferents of the upper extremity and the motoneurons innervating the extensors of the lower extremity. Healthy young males and females were recruited. The median nerve was cutaneously stimulated, and the soleus H reflex, reflecting the excitability of motoneurons, was evoked. The C-T interval and intensity of the conditioning stimulus were modulated. A conditioning stimulus with an intensity of 1.4 xMT and a C-T interval of 69 ms inhibited the soleus H reflex pathway (I_1.4) . Additionally, a conditioning stimulus with an intensity of 2.1 xMT and a C-T interval of 13 ms inhibited the soleus H reflex pathway (I_2.1) . The conduction velocity of the afferents responsible for I_1.4 was 19m/s and that for I_2.1 was 39 m/s. The conduction velocity of the afferent fiber type responsible for I_1.4 was similar to that of the group III afferents, and the conduction velocity for I_2.1 was similar to that of the group II afferents. However, further investigation is needed to identify the afferents responsible, because the results conflict with those of previous studies in terms of inhibition thresholds.

In order to find the characteristics of physique and physical fitness of the field hockey players, the data were collected from the Japanese Men's Team members in anthropometric measurements and physical fitness test during the last six years since 1978.
From the data collected for this study the following observation were made :
1. The Japanese National Men's Field Hockey players had superior measurements in agility, especially, Side-Step-Test and cardiorespiratory function but inferior measurements in muscular strength and flexibility than players in other activities¹⁷⁾ ; their physique were smaller than others.
2. When compared with Tokyo Olympic Field Hockey players of twenty years ago, some increments in measurements were recognized in weight, circumferences, muscular strength and cardiorespiratory function; but not too much differences were observed in various longitudinal measurements, jumping reaction time, simple reaction time and flexibility.
3. When individual measurements of three years span were compared longitudinally, circumferences like chest girth and upper arm girth, Vertical jump and Side-Step-Test were increased but cardiorespiratory function declined with the age. The rest of the items did not change much during the span of three years.

In order to find the characteristics of physique and physical fitness of the field hockey players, data were collected from the Japanese Women's Team members in anthropometric measurements and physical fitness test over an eight-year period starting 1978.
From the data collected for this study the following observations were made :
1. From the data obtained during the last eight years, the tendency to increase or to improve was observed in the mean values of their physique and functional test items.
2. The Japanese National Women's hockey players were superior in agility, especially, side-step-test but inferior in muscular strength, flexibility and cardio-respiratory functions to national players in other activities ; their physique were smaller than others.
3. When compared with hockey players of foreign countries, it was observed that Japanese Women's hockey players were smaller in physique and inferior in muscular strength and cardio-respiratory functions.
4. When individual measurements of three years span were compared longitudinary, upper arm girth, muscular strength of upper limb and trunk had increased and jumping reaction time had improved, but not too many differences were observed in flexibility and cardio-respiratory function during the three years.

We have several choices against bleeding and obstruction in advanced gastric cancer patients such as surgical or endoscopic therapy. But we have few reports about palliative radiation. We conduct this study that we perform palliative radiation for unresectable advanced gastric cancer patients between April 2006 and March 2014 in single center. In the aim of the therapy, to stop gastric bleeding were 8, and to improve obstruction depend on gastric cancer were 4. Response rate of stop bleeding was 63％, and improve obstruction was 50％. Median duration of stop bleeding was 103 day, and improve obstruction was 52 day. Overall survival time was 567 day, survival time after the start of radiotherapy was 105days. Radiotherapy was limited in cases because onset time of response needed in comparison with surgical or endoscopic therapy. However, given minimally invasive therapy and a certain response, we can choice it so much more.

97 baseball players from high school, universities and companies were subjected to this study in order to attempt to clarify the relationship between derangement of the elbow joint and lateral instabilitly by measuring various conventional parameters and the degree of lateral instability.
From the survey by questionnaire, 29 out of 97 players complained of elbow pain, paticularily on the medial side of the joint. The painful phases of the throwing motions were the acceleration phase (23 players, 61%) and release phase (7 players, 46%) . The hyperexten sion of the elbow on the dominant side was significantly smaller than that observed on the undominant side. X-ray examination revealed osteophyte formation at the tip of olecranon and medial joint space.
On the application of 63 kg⋅cm torque force, the varus deflection angle for the dominant side was 8.3° and that for the undominant side was 8.8°. The valgus angle for the dominant side was 12.2° and that for the undominant side was 10.8°. The varus stiffness (kg⋅cm/angle) was 9.5 for the dominant side and 8.4 for the undominant side. Valgus stiffness were 6.3 for the dominant side and 9.2 for the undominant side.
Thses results indicate that the lateral side become stiffer and medial side become looser in the dominant elbow than in the undominant one.
The unphysiological valgus stress at the acceleration phase would induce the osteophyte formation as well as the elongation of the medial collateral ligament on the medial side of the elbow. At the same time the impigement of the olecranon at follow through phase, would induce the osteophyte formation around the olecranon. Thses two factors would considerably influence the range of motion and the instability of the elbow joint.

Objective：Only 44 of the 82 university medical schools in Japan have rehabilitation medicine departments, although rehabilitation medicine is one of the 19 basic specialties recognized by the Japanese Medical Specialty Board, and many medical doctors are concerned regarding selecting rehabilitation medicine as a basic specialty without sufficient education in the field. The “Let's Become a Physiatrist” Seminar has been organized since 2017 to eliminate such concerns, and this study aimed to investigate how these results are manifested in the number of majors.Methods：We examined the number of past attendees and tracked how many of them became rehabilitation medicine majors.Results：The number of seminar attendees over a 5-year period was 589. The number of on-demand viewers in FY2020 and FY2021, which were held via the web, was 554. A total of 116 of the 471 physicians who began specialty training in rehabilitation medicine after the seminar was planned attended or web viewed the seminar accounting for 24.63％．This percentage has been increasing each year, with 36.81％ of the majors who applied in 2022 attending the seminar, and the number of multiple attendees also increased. The number of majors has increased significantly doubling to 144 in 2022 compared with 74 in 2018.Conclusion：In many cases, the seminar helped the attendees learn more about physiatrists and develop their thoughts while attending multiple times. Thus, they started their majors. Five years have passed since we started planning this seminar, and we believe that the results are now coming to fruition.

Objective：Only 44 of the 82 university medical schools in Japan have rehabilitation medicine departments, although rehabilitation medicine is one of the 19 basic specialties recognized by the Japanese Medical Specialty Board, and many medical doctors are concerned regarding selecting rehabilitation medicine as a basic specialty without sufficient education in the field. The “Let's Become a Physiatrist” Seminar has been organized since 2017 to eliminate such concerns, and this study aimed to investigate how these results are manifested in the number of majors.Methods：We examined the number of past attendees and tracked how many of them became rehabilitation medicine majors.Results：The number of seminar attendees over a 5-year period was 589. The number of on-demand viewers in FY2020 and FY2021, which were held via the web, was 554. A total of 116 of the 471 physicians who began specialty training in rehabilitation medicine after the seminar was planned attended or web viewed the seminar accounting for 24.63％．This percentage has been increasing each year, with 36.81％ of the majors who applied in 2022 attending the seminar, and the number of multiple attendees also increased. The number of majors has increased significantly doubling to 144 in 2022 compared with 74 in 2018.Conclusion：In many cases, the seminar helped the attendees learn more about physiatrists and develop their thoughts while attending multiple times. Thus, they started their majors. Five years have passed since we started planning this seminar, and we believe that the results are now coming to fruition.