The authors studied on 242 infertile cases due to an ovulation in 296 cycles of treatment by FSH-HCG from 1995 to 1997. The pregnancy rate is 28,51% of cases and 23,31% of cycles. The rate of spontaneous abortion plus embryos death in utero is high 52,7%. The rate of ovarian hyperstimulation is 8,45%. The monitoring of ovarian function by ultrasound and serum estradiol level is very important to prevent the risk of severe hyperstimulation. It is difficult to decrease the rate of abortion and embryo death in utero
Ovulation Induction ; Abortion, Spontaneous

This study is aimed to investigate the activity of lymphocytes of recurrent spontaneous aborters, their response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) mitogen was studied by comparing with that of normal pregnancy and normal non-pregnancy women. The results are as follows: there is no or a significant decrease of suppression of lymphoblast transformation in recurrent spontaneous abortion comparing to that of normal pregnancy women. It should be considered all of three parameters: absolute counts of OD with PHA, non-PHA and stimulation index as a general analysis for lymphoblast transformation.
Lymphocyte Activation ; Abortion, Spontaneous

We have studied 37 early pregnancy women, divided into 2 groups of: 22 women of recurrent spontaneous abortion and 15 women with normal pregnancy. By using micro lymphocytotoxicity technique in comparison between sera of the tested women and lymphocytes panel of 20 healthy women, this study shows higher incidence and levels of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in women with recurrent pregnancy failure than in normal women.
Antibodies ; abortion, spontaneous

To study the immunologic characteristics of miscarriage, 34 women admitted with recurrent spontaneous abortion and 40 healthy women in the first trimester of pregnancy were investigated. The total results are as follows:-The total WBC count, especially granulocytes was raised significantly in RSA group.- No change was seen in the lympho T and lympho B cell numbers as well as lympho T CD4, lympho T CD8 cell numbers. However, the ratio CD4/CD8 was decreased in RSA group. Although it is not known if these changes are the cause or the effect, it would appear that immunologic abnormalities are associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Abortion, spontaneous ; women ; diagnosis

Early pregnancy losses occur in 10-20% of all pregnancies. Surgical evacuation has always been the mainstay of management of miscarriages. The main aim of this study was to understand the success rate of expectant management of miscarriage with regards to gestational sac size and period of gestation. The secondary outcome was to measure the satisfaction level and the rate of pregnancy after 6 month of expectant management. Patients diagnosed with missed miscarriages were requested to choose between expectant or surgical management. Those decided for expectant management on “wait and watch” approach were assessed weekly up to 5 completed weeks until complete miscarriage was achieved spontaneously. Surgical evacuation was performed if medically indicated or requested by the patients at any time or at the end of fifth week if complete miscarriage was not achieved. Out of 212 cases, 75 (35.4%) opted for expectant management. Complete miscarriage was achieved in 85.3% of subjects by the end of fifth weeks respectively. Mean of Gestational sac size and period of gestation was not found to influence the success rate of complete spontaneous miscarriage in the expectant management. No morbidity was recorded during the five weeks of the study period. Mean satisfaction score was 9.7±8.3. Pregnancy occurred in 47% of patients within 6 months follow up. The Receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested the end of second week as the cut off for surgical intervention. This study revealed that expectant management of missed miscarriage is a reliable management of missed miscarriage within the first two weeks.
Pregnancy Complications ; Abortion, Spontaneous

Caring is the fundamental essence of nursing practice. Swanson's theory of caring provides the process of care for women who have experienced miscarriage. However, there is a gap in theory and knowledge in providing care to fathers experiencing a miscarriage. Studies have shown that the experience of fathers during a miscarriage is different from their wives. According to Jones et al (2019), fathers' experience during a neonatal loss is different from their partners. They feel isolated. Thus, men feel that they are disconnected from their partners, and also are not involved in the caring process, are overwhelmed by the situation, fathers feel that the role fathers play as a protector for their partner was not done well and they experience a lack of support from healthcare providers during that period. This concept of paternal care during a miscarriage is to help fathers who are experiencing neonatal loss by applying the appropriate nursing action to provide the necessary nursing care. The concept analysis methodology from Walker and Avant (2005) would define the concept, attributes, antecedents, consequences, cases, and empirical referent on paternal care during a miscarriage. This paper concludes that providing paternal care to fathers during miscarriage helps them deal with the loss and understand the process they are going through. Therefore, there is a need to develop a theory that provides the care process to fathers going through a miscarriage. Hence, the theory of paternal care during a miscarriage is proposed.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Empathy ;

No abstract available.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

The methods controlling the confounding factors were discussed using the data of secondary infertility with induced abortion. Mantel-Haenszel method and logistic model were applied in the analysis to find out which factors were confounding and/or effect modificaton variables. In the logistic analysis, the main effect of induced abortion, spontaneous abortion, age and interaction effect between induced abortion and spontaneous abortion werechosen as independent variables being regressed into logistic functions. Spontaneons abortion was interpreted as a potential confounder and at the same time potential effect modifier and age wasinterpreted as potential confounder. Spontaneous abortion was shown to be more important influencing factor than age to the secondary infertility. In the course of logistic analysis, the problem of parameter estimation and hypothesis testing, assessing the fitness of a model, and selection of the best model were briegy explained. For the program of logistic model, FUNCAT Procedure of SAS package was chosen.
Abortion, Induced* ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility* ; Logistic Models* ; Pregnancy

Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Abortion, Induced ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Contraception ; Telemedicine