A study on the clinical symptoms and blood culture in 81 patients with typhoid septicemia has shown that the most typical symptoms in the typhoid septicemia comprised continuous high fever, anorexia, bloating and headache. Other symptoms comprised erythematosus, nose bleeding, hepatomegaly, spleenmegaly and diarrhea. The blood culture aimed at identifying the causative bacterial had a high positive rate within 96 hours after fever. This rate was very low in cases of antibiotic administration at home
Typhoid Fever ; blood

The author involved in the National Leprosy Elimination Program (NLEP) in Papua New Guinea (PNG) as a WHO consultant has studied the epidemiological status of the disease from 1980 -2000. The result are shown as follow: - Before implementing multi-drug therapy (MDT), the prevalence rate (PR) of the disease was very high (28.1 per 10,000 population). - After 5 years of MDT introduction, the registered cases reduced dramatically and PR declined to 50%. - Distribution of leprosy was even in the different areas. This related possibly to environment, hygiene, living condition and health net work. - After 10 years of implementing the NLEP, PNG has reached already the goal of leprosy elimination with PR less than 1 per 10,000. - MTD has proved to be very effective in treatment of leprosy. It has important role in changing epidemiological status of leprosy in PNG
leprosy ; Leprosy, Lepromatous

Bronchogenic cyst is usually located in the mediastinum and lung parenchyma, but retroperitoneal ones are extremely rare. Most of bronchogenic cysts are benign and asymptomatic. The author reported a case of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst in an 11 year old girl who complained of epigastric pain. Ultrasonography, CT scan and MRI studies revealed a retroperitoneal cystic mass, about 4cm in diameter, containing turbid fluid, along the right crus of the diaphragm, adjacent to abdominal aorta. Pathological analysis confirmed the bronchogenic cyst with components of smooth muscle, respiratory epithelium, cartilage and submucous glands of the cyst wall, hemorrhage and leukocyte infiltration. Postoperative outcomes were good, the patient discharged at the 12th day
Bronchogenic Cyst ; Child

From December 1999 to April 2001, a survey performed in Dong Da Hospital (Ha Noi) showed that in aseptic operation room, asmosphere met 90% of the standard criterion, and in ordinary operation room 80%. In post operation rooms and resuscitation room high possibility of microbiological pollution was noted. 10 examinations showed the number of anaerobic bacteria on 1m3 of air is over the permissible criterion. In 2 operating rooms and post operative room, 100% of intact surgical instruments draining tubes and perfusion tubes are met the demand, while aspirators and rolling cars are polluted. 11 on 30 patients (36.7%) had any bacteria in the operated lesion. There is some rate of pollution in the cloths and the fingers of patients (33.3% and 26.7% respectively) and there is some rate of bacterial infested in the skin area of infection and installation of drain (10% and 20% respectively)
Cross Infection ; Bacteria ; Infection

The culture of pus, fluid in the incisions, injuries from 540 patients in Saint Paul hospital has shown that 12.9% of samples infected with S.aureus. The isolated S.aureus rates resist to chloramphenicole, erythromycin, norfloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin, oxacillin were 50.3%, 38.4%, 20.5%, 24%, 20.1%, 17.6%, respectively. There was no occurrence of resistance to Vancomycin. S.aureus had a high sensitivity to common antibiotics such as Amikacin, cephalotin, gentamicin and norfloxacin.
Drug Resistance ; injuries ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Epilepsia syndromes in children, commonly happen as simple partial seizures without impairing consciousness, and usually are overlooked. In this article, the authors described some simple partial seizures which mostly wer overlooked through different previous clinical examinations. Owing to carefully taking the history of the disease from the parents relating some highly suggestive events such as somnambulism, distraction, repetitive stomach and headache without any physical lesion, and particularly owing to the specific device almost patients have been.
Epilepsies, Partial ; Child

A study on 6 operation theatre in Saint Paul Hospital during 1999-2000 has shown that there were 4 rounds of checking that did not meet the allowed standards of aerobic microorganism among 36 round of checking. In these 4 rounds, there were presence of S.aprophyticus and fungus. There was presence of P.aeruginosa and S.aureus and Enterobacteria in the air of operation theatre.
Bacterial Infections ; surgery ; hospitals

The bacteria most likely to cause hospital acquired infection are enteric those (35%), followed by S. aureus (25%), P. aeruginosa (13%) and S. pneumoniae (12.3%). S. aureus isolations have high rate of penicillin resistance, followed by chloramphenicol, ampicilline, cephalothine and oxacilline. P. aeruginosa has resisted to gentamycin and netilmycin and remains to be sensitive to amikacine, norfloxacine and ciprofloxacine. E. pneumoniae remains to be sensitive to most of test antibiotics, but it has resisted to chloramphenicol and penicillin. E. coli has high rate of resistance to ampicilline, cephalothine and chloramphenicol, but it remains to be sensitive highly to amikacin, netilmycin, gentamycin and tobramycin.
Bacterial Infections ; Sensitivity and Specificity

On basis of colour reaction of artersunate with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in alkaline medium and then with ferric chloride solution in acidic medium, a method for assay of artersunate in tablets is proposed. The results of the determination are validated and they show that the method is precise, accurate, linear in studied range and relatively specific. While there is no more specific method, this method may be applied in determination of artersunate in tablets in place of current methods.
Artersunate ; spectrophotometry ; tablets

On basis of the chemical structure of artesunate, 4 identification tests were proposed. They were as follows: Artesunate reacts with a potassium iodide solution to form iodine; artesunate reacts with 5% potassium dichromate solution and 2% sulphuric acid to form acid perchromic; artesunate reacts with cupri-tar-taric solution R to form a red precipitate; artesunat reacts with silver nitrate solution R and dilute ammonia R1 to form a silver mirror. A new method for the determination of artesunate was proposed as alkalimetric titration. The validation of the method was carried out and the results showed that the method was precise, linear, accurate and more specific than the current method.
Artesunate ; Pharmaceutical Preparations