The 98 cases of knee flexion deformity after poliomyelitis were treated in our department. The treatment selection for diffrent degrees of the flexion deformity are discussed. The flexion less that 20? need plaster cast only. The flexion from 20? to 30? can fully correct with su pracondylar femoral osteotomy. In the flexion more that 30?, the skele(?)al traction into inferior tibia should be done previously, then supracondylar femoral osteotomy carried out to correct the flexion less that 30? siter traction. It is pointed out that the muscle balance operation must be done as soon as the flexion was corrected. The muscle balance operation can prevent from recurrence of the deformity and (?)limilate the factor recurrent.

The incidence in 7768 cases of acute craniocerebral injuries was analysed in this article.The analysis showed that there were more cases of acute craniocerebral injuries seen during the period from June to November,especially from June to August.The main causes of injury from June to August were trips and falls (41.7%) and those from September to November were traffic accidents (48.7%).Improvements in rescue orga- nization and measures in prevention during the period of high incidence were sugge sted.

Self-ligating brackets have been developed for decades.Now more and more orthodontists are using self-ligating appliance systems,because they have the following advantages over conventional orthodontic brackets:less friction between the archwires and the brackets;simple clinical operation;comfortable for patients.This review introduces the self-ligating brackets' feature,classification and several self-ligating brackets applied in clinic.

According to the analysis of PreQin society and history, it is concluded that influenced by special historical conception and low productivity of that time, ancient doctors were able to know the concept “Brain controls consciousness”. The structure of the Five-Zang Theory of TCM was constructed according to the concept of Five-Element Theory and the similarities between nature and human. So they had to enact “Heart controls consciousness” to complete the function of brain with heart instead. Most details of five-zang theory come from long-term medical practices and daily life, so the structure can guide the medical practices correctly. The concept “Heart controls consciousness” was brought about by many factors. After Qin and Han Dynasties, gradually, people used to keep this routinism. Similar to other historical events, formation of these concepts proposed by ancient physicians and philosophers is inevitable. We should analyze these problems formed in history objectively and completely, but not praise or criticize them blindly.

Self-ligating brackets have been developed for decades. Now more and more orthodontists are using self-ligating appliance systems, because they have the following advantages over conventional orthodontic brackets: less friction between the archwires and the brackets;simple clinical operation;comfortable for patients. This review introduces the self-ligating brackets' feature, classification and several self-ligating brackets applied in clinic.

Objective To explore the effect of home care on schizophrenia in rural area in Beijing. Methods A comparative study has been done between 36 patients in home care and 36 patients in hospital. All of the patients were tested with Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) before, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment and Social Disability Screening Scale (SDSS) at 6 months after treatment. Results The PANSS scores of two groups decreased significantly after the treatment (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the effective rates between the home care group (69.4%) and the hospital group (66.7%). The SDSS scores of the home care group was significantly lower than the hospital group (P<0.01). Conclusion Home care provides an efficient approach to treat schizophrenia in rural community, and it can improve the social function of the patients.

To study parameters influencing the prognosis of patients suffering from gallbladder carcinoma.MethodsA retrospective clinical analysis was made on 56 cases of gallbladder carcinoma, admitted to our hospital between 1995～2001.ResultsThere were 20 males and 36 femals. Thirty four patients(61%) complicated with gallstons.Abdominal pain(47/56,84%) and jaundice(23/56,41%) were the major complaints.Ultrasonography,CT scan and CA 19 9 measurement were helpful for preoperative diagnosis. Thirty cases(including 5 Nevin stage Ⅱ cases,3 stage Ⅲ cases,4 stage Ⅳ cases,and 18 stage Ⅴ cases) received radical or extended radical chelecystectomy, 11 cases with Nevin stage Ⅴ underwent palliative resection and 15 cases of Nevin stage Ⅴ were subjected to bypass procedure and/ or biopsy.The statistical analysis showed staging of Nevin,surgical procedure,gallstone,adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy significantly affected the survival.Conclusions Early diagnosis, radical resection, active and comprehensive adjuvant radiotherapy with/or chemotherapy help to improve the prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.

Objective Culture,expansion and characterization of pseudomyxoma peritonei cells to support foundation for the study of pseudomyxoma peritonei and drug screening.Methods Tumors from 5 cases of human pseudomyxoma peritonei were cultured by collagenase digestion.The cultured cells were then identified as tumor cells by chromosome karyotyping.The secretion of neutral mucopolysaccharide was detected by PAS staining.To simulate the tumor growth condition in vivo,3D culture was applied and the morphology of the cultured organoid was observed with HE staining,xenografts were used to test the tumorigenicity of PMP primary cells.Results The primary culture of pseudomyxoma peritonei cells was successful in all of the 5 cases.2D cultured cells were adherent,polygonal pebble-like arranged,and passed on up to 18 generations.Chromosome karyotype analysis showed that most of the cells were subdiploid karyotype tumor cells.Positive PAS staining suggests that these cells secrete mucus.The morphology of 3D cultured organoid was similar to that of tumor tissues.The tumor formation rate of xenografts was low,and the tumoris not similar to patient's PMP.Conclusions Pseudomyxoma peritonei tumor cells can be cultured and expanded in vitro.

Objective To summarize 5 otospongiosis cases with profound sensory hearing loss who received cochlear implante(CI) in routine way.To analyze their characteristics in audiology and temporal CT,and the effects after CI.Methods 5 cases of profound sensorineural hearing loss with otospongiosis received pure tone test,otoacoustic emission,auditory brainstem evoked potential and temporal CT before operation.One of the patients received binaural CIs.Mapping was done one month after operation.Follow-up tests were provided 6 months after operation to assess the effects.Results 5 cases showed clinical characteristics of gradual binaural hearing reduction,PTA greater than 90 dB HL,mixed or sensorineural deafness,normal tympanic membranes,reduced peaks in acoustic impedance,and typical CT findings.5 patients(6 ears) were implanted in routine manner.It was difficult to open the cochlea scala tympani.The scala tympani was filled with loose bony tissues.It was about 7～9 mm between the round window and the normal scala tympani.All patients showed the standard wave from in nerves reaction remote monitoring.The patients were followed up from 8 months to 3.1years.The average PTA was 20～37dB HL.The speech discrimination score was 95%～99% for open Chinese audiometry.Conclusion CI was an effective way to help patients with profound sensory hearing loss and otospongiosis.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect on thymus radiotherapy in the patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods The clinical data of 68 patients with MG treated by thymus radiotherapy (X ray radiotherapy in the deep for 22 cases, 60 Co treatment for 46 cases)in our hospital from 1957 to 1999 were analysed retrospectively.The patients were followed up long term.Results Total remission rate of patients with MG treated by radiotherapy was 90%.Clinical results were significant,the life quality of patients with MG improved greatly.The side effect with the skin injury for 10 cases and the alimentary canal symptom for 9 cases were found mostly.Conclusion The following patients can obtain obvious therapeutic effect with radiotherapy,they are those with poor efficiency to drugs,those with invasive thymoma during the operation,those with instable symptoms after the operation.