No abstract available.
Motion Sickness

No abstract available.
Instinct* ; Motion Pictures as Topic*

No abstract available.
Motion Pictures as Topic*

Isolate fracture of lunate is very rare. The authors reported a neglected fracture of lunate which was founded incidentally after the dorsal wall fracture of triquetrum. Pain reduction and improvement of range of motion was achieved after excising the dorsal fragment of lunate.
Range of Motion, Articular

Range of Motion, Articular*

No abstract available.
Joints* ; Range of Motion, Articular* ; Spine*

Humans ; Motion Sickness ; diagnosis ; Travel

Arginine Vasopressin ; Humans ; Motion Sickness

OBJECTIVE: The offset connector can allow medial and lateral variability and facilitate intralaminar screw incorporation into the construct. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of C7 intralaminar screw constructs with and without offset connector using a three dimensional finite element model of a C6-7 cervical spine segment. METHODS: Finite element models representing C7 intralaminar screw constructs with and without the offset connector were developed. Range of motion (ROM) and maximum von Mises stresses in the vertebra for the two techniques were compared under pure moments in flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. RESULTS: ROM for intralaminar screw construct with offset connector was less than the construct without the offset connector in the three principal directions. The maximum von Misses stress was observed in the C7 vertebra around the pedicle in both constructs. Maximum von Mises stress in the construct without offset connector was found to be 12-30% higher than the corresponding stresses in the construct with offset connector in the three principal directions. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the intralaminar screw fixation with offset connector is better than the construct without offset connector in terms of biomechanical stability. Construct with the offset connector reduces the ROM of C6-7 segment more significantly compared to the construct without the offset connector and causes lower stresses around the C7 pedicle-vertebral body complex.
Biomechanics ; Immobilization ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spine

Intramuscular stimulation (IMS) therapy has been used widely ever since Gunn introduced the effect of IMS in his study in 1980. Usually IMS has been based on Cannon's radiculopathic model, known for its effectiveness in chronic pain relief. In this study we systematically review the effectiveness and safety of IMS. In order to accomplish a systematic review, we searched for IMS-related studies through 12 bibliographical databases and 19 studies were included (4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 2 non-RCTs and 13 case reports/studies). Study selection was conducted independently by two researchers based on title and abstract. As a result, most included studies of 16 showed significant improvement in range of motion, decrease of drug consumption as well as pain relief after IMS treatment; the other 3 studies reported adverse events. In terms of the effectiveness of IMS, the results of intervention were good, so we concluded that IMS therapy is a useful method of pain treatment; with respect of safety, few adverse events that could have been caused by IMS were observed. However, it is not certain that there was a causal relationship between IMS and the adverse events that were reported due to a lack of evidence. Therefore, clinicians who have sufficient knowledge and experience of IMS will have to perform the procedure after thorough clinical examinations to determine its appropriateness for target patients. This study provided meaningful data on the current state of IMS treatment. We expect that the result of this study will stimulate further more extensive research on IMS.
Chronic Pain ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular