Background Staff in tertiary hospitals are a high-risk group for occupational burnout. Timely identification and precise intervention are crucial for improving healthcare service quality. However, comparative studies on perceived stress and occupational burnout among hospital staff in different positions are lacking. Objective To describe the status of perceived stress and occupational burnout among hospital staff in different positions and compare the differences, explore the relationship between perceived stress and occupational burnout, and identify the influencing factors of occupational burnout. Methods In May 2022, 1526 hospital staff members were selected by convenience sampling from six tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) to assess demographic characteristics, perceived stress, and occupational burnout. Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare differences in perceived stress and occupational burnout among staff in different positions. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore possible correlation between perceived stress and occupational burnout. Multiple linear regression was conducted to identify influencing factors of occupational burnout. Results A total of 1388 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 90.96%. Among them, 437 nurses (57.0%), 273 physicians (58.6%), 24 pharmacists (57.1%), and 62 administrators (54.9%) reported positive perceived health risk stress (P=0.892). Additionally, 392 nurses (51.1%), 213 physicians (45.7%), 19 pharmacists (45.2%), and 53 administrators (46.9%) reported positive occupational burnout (P=0.005). Perceived stress was positively correlated with occupational burnout among nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and administrators (r=0.5973, 0.5687, 0.5464, and 0.5276, respectively; P＜0.01). The multiple linear regression identified perceived stress (b=1.4587, P＜0.001), job satisfaction (b=−7.4195, P＜0.001), self-rated health (b=−2.0428, P＜0.001), working years (b=−0.1135, P=0.016), and being a nurse (compared with an administrators) (b=3.2435, P=0.045) as significant factors for occupational burnout (P<0.001). Conclusion Perceived health risk stress and occupational burnout are common among hospital staff, with nurses experiencing significantly higher levels of occupational burnout compared to other positions. Hospital managers should pay more attention to staff with higher perceived stress, lower job satisfaction, poorer self-rated health, and shorter working years, particularly nurses.

The magnitude of the problem of stunting is high in low- to middle-income countries, including Indonesia. The government of Indonesia has implemented specific and sensitive intervention programs to reduce this problem. This public health problem requires multidisciplinary management with suitable approaches and programs. In the first 1000 days of life, the quality of life is determined by conception and delivery until two years old.The requirement and fulfillment of nutrients during this period would benefit the growth and development of children. Indonesia is an archipelago country with 100,000 km of coastline and 16,771 islands with great potential for fishing. In coastal areas, optimizing protein consumption from the sea and enhancing educational programs in psychosocial care are appropriate intervention programs that will benefit stunting eradication. The complexity of the stunting problem puts authorities and other stakeholders together to formulate and design appropriate comprehensive intervention programs to improve the quality of life of the next generation.

The magnitude of the problem of stunting is high in low- to middle-income countries, including Indonesia. The government of Indonesia has implemented specific and sensitive intervention programs to reduce this problem. This public health problem requires multidisciplinary management with suitable approaches and programs. In the first 1000 days of life, the quality of life is determined by conception and delivery until two years old.The requirement and fulfillment of nutrients during this period would benefit the growth and development of children. Indonesia is an archipelago country with 100,000 km of coastline and 16,771 islands with great potential for fishing. In coastal areas, optimizing protein consumption from the sea and enhancing educational programs in psychosocial care are appropriate intervention programs that will benefit stunting eradication. The complexity of the stunting problem puts authorities and other stakeholders together to formulate and design appropriate comprehensive intervention programs to improve the quality of life of the next generation.

The magnitude of the problem of stunting is high in low- to middle-income countries, including Indonesia. The government of Indonesia has implemented specific and sensitive intervention programs to reduce this problem. This public health problem requires multidisciplinary management with suitable approaches and programs. In the first 1000 days of life, the quality of life is determined by conception and delivery until two years old.The requirement and fulfillment of nutrients during this period would benefit the growth and development of children. Indonesia is an archipelago country with 100,000 km of coastline and 16,771 islands with great potential for fishing. In coastal areas, optimizing protein consumption from the sea and enhancing educational programs in psychosocial care are appropriate intervention programs that will benefit stunting eradication. The complexity of the stunting problem puts authorities and other stakeholders together to formulate and design appropriate comprehensive intervention programs to improve the quality of life of the next generation.

The magnitude of the problem of stunting is high in low- to middle-income countries, including Indonesia. The government of Indonesia has implemented specific and sensitive intervention programs to reduce this problem. This public health problem requires multidisciplinary management with suitable approaches and programs. In the first 1000 days of life, the quality of life is determined by conception and delivery until two years old.The requirement and fulfillment of nutrients during this period would benefit the growth and development of children. Indonesia is an archipelago country with 100,000 km of coastline and 16,771 islands with great potential for fishing. In coastal areas, optimizing protein consumption from the sea and enhancing educational programs in psychosocial care are appropriate intervention programs that will benefit stunting eradication. The complexity of the stunting problem puts authorities and other stakeholders together to formulate and design appropriate comprehensive intervention programs to improve the quality of life of the next generation.

The magnitude of the problem of stunting is high in low- to middle-income countries, including Indonesia. The government of Indonesia has implemented specific and sensitive intervention programs to reduce this problem. This public health problem requires multidisciplinary management with suitable approaches and programs. In the first 1000 days of life, the quality of life is determined by conception and delivery until two years old.The requirement and fulfillment of nutrients during this period would benefit the growth and development of children. Indonesia is an archipelago country with 100,000 km of coastline and 16,771 islands with great potential for fishing. In coastal areas, optimizing protein consumption from the sea and enhancing educational programs in psychosocial care are appropriate intervention programs that will benefit stunting eradication. The complexity of the stunting problem puts authorities and other stakeholders together to formulate and design appropriate comprehensive intervention programs to improve the quality of life of the next generation.

OBJECTIVE To assess the cost-effectiveness of durvalumab combined with chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. METHODS Using data from the TOPAZ-1 clinical trial， a three-state Markov model comprising progression-free survival （PFS）， progressive disease （PD） and death was developed， with a cycle length of 21 days and a 10-year time horizon. Patients in the observation group received durvalumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin， whereas those in the control group received placebo plus the same chemotherapy regimen. The evaluation indexes were quality-adjusted life year （QALY） and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER）. The willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold was set at three times the 2024 Chinese per capita gross domestic product （GDP） （287 247 yuan/QALY）. The sensitivity analyses， along with scenario analyses， were performed. RESULTS In the base-case analysis， the ICER of observation group compared to control group was 1 166 344.46 yuan/QALY， far exceeding the WTP threshold， indicating that the regimen was not cost-effective. One-way sensitivity analysis identified the PD state utility， discount rate， cost of durvalumab， and PFS state utility as the main drivers of ICER variation. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that， at the above WTP threshold， the probability of the acceeptance of this regimen was 0， further supporting the robustness of the base-case findings. In the scenario analysis， inclusion of a patient assistance program reduced the ICER to 235 885.16 yuan/ QALY， below the above WTP threshold， suggesting cost-effectiveness under this assistance program. However， when applying a regional WTP threshold set at three times the per capita GDP （158 475 yuan/QALY） of Gansu Province （the province with the lowest GDP in China in 2024）， the ICER remained above the threshold， indicating that the regimen was not cost-effective at the regional level. CONCLUSIONS At current pricing， durvalumab plus chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer is not cost-effective in China. Although the introduction of a patient assistance program can substantially reduce the ICER and achieve cost-effectiveness at a WTP threshold set at three times the 2024 per capita GDP of China， due to limited affordability in low-income areas， the program remains not cost-effective.

ObjectiveBy starting with the combination of Os Draconis， Bupleuri Radix， and Ostreae Concha， the role of mineral medicine Os Draconis in the combination of the Bupleuri Radix-containing tri-herbal medicines was preliminarily explored from the perspective of supramolecular system formation. Method① The appearance and Tyndall phenomenon of single decoction of Os Draconis， Bupleuri Radix， and Ostreae Concha， as well as co-decoction of Bupleuri Radix-Os Draconis， Bupleuri Radix-Os Draconis-Ostreae Concha， and Bupleuri Radix-Ostreae Concha were observed， and the average particle size， dispersion coefficient， and Zeta potential of suspension particles in each decoction were determined. The micromorphology of supramolecular structures was observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. ② The pH of different compatibility systems， liquid viscosity coefficient， liquid surface tension， freeze-dried powder yield rate， and other physical properties were determined， and the interaction of different compatibility systems was detected by infrared absorption spectroscopy （FTIR） and UV-visible spectrophotometry （UV-Vis）. ③ The composition and content difference of different compatible systems were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）. ResultCompared with the single decoction， the co-decoction had more obvious turbidity and Tyndall phenomenon. The particles in the co-decoction suspension were smaller and more evenly distributed， and the Zeta potential was reduced， indicating a more stable system. Under SEM， Bupleuri Radix was irregularly lamellar， and Bupleuri Radix-Os Draconis and Bupleuri Radix-Os Draconis-Ostreae Concha were mainly spherical nanoparticles. Bupleuri Radix-Ostreae Concha was irregularly lamellar， with a small number of spherical nanoparticles. The pH of the single decoction of Bupleuri Radix and co-decoction increased， and the viscosity coefficient increased. The liquid surface tension decreased. The freeze-dried powder yield rate of the Bupleuri Radix-Os Draconis co-decoction was the highest， followed by Bupleuri Radix-Ostreae Concha decoction and Bupleuri Radix-Os Draconis-Ostreae Concha decoction， and the yield rate of Bupleuri Radix single decoction was the lowest. The main change of FTIR was the stretching vibration of -OH， and the co-decoction moved to the low-frequency direction obviously. UV-Vis showed that the maximum absorption occurred at 295.8 nm for all groups， and the absorption intensity was different （Bupleuri Radix-Os Draconis>Bupleuri Radix-Os Draconis-Ostreae Concha>Bupleuri Radix-Ostreae Concha>Bupleuri Radix）. The components of Bupleuri Radix were used as the indexes， and the content of methanol extract determined by HPLC was higher than that of water extract， and the components of Bupleuri Radix single decoction were mainly saikosaponin a （SSa） and saikosaponin c （SSc）， which were slightly higher after co-decoction compatibility. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS could identify 37 compounds in both single decoction and co-decoction. ConclusionThe combination of Bupleuri Radix， Os Draconis， and Ostreae Concha can form a smaller， more uniform， and stable nano-sized supramolecular system， which is conducive to the dissolution of the main components of Bupleuri Radix， and the Os Draconis contributes the most in this process.

Intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various cardiovascular diseases,especially in the progression of heart failure.This paper mainly discussed the gut microbial metabolites trimethylamine oxide(TMAO)participated in the pathological process of heart failure,and application value of TMAO in heart failure patients.This paper introduced the change characteristics of intestinal flora and its metabolites in heart failure patients,illu-minated the TMAO-mediated inflammatory response,and the related signal pathways and mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure.High levels of TMAO are associated with poor outcomes in patients with heart failure indicating a good predictive value for the prognosis of heart failure.Regulating TMAO levels through diet,probiotics and prebiotics,antibiotics,fecal transplan-tation,and other pathways is expected to be a potential treatment for heart failure.

Objective To analyze the current situation and characteristics of risk factors in antithrombotic therapy(in-cluding antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatments)at home and abroad,and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis or bleeding associated with antithrombotic therapy.Methods The literature on risk factors of an-tithrombotic therapy published in Chinese databases(China Journal Full-text Data,Wanfang Database,VIP Database)and Eng-lish databases(PubMed,Web of Science,MEDLINE)from January 2011 to November 2021 was searched and bibliometric analy-sis was performed.The visualization analysis was performed using VOS viewer software.Results A total of 595 publications were included in the analysis.The top three countries for English publications were the USA,China,and Japan.The type of stud-ies were predominantly cohort studies,with sample sizes mostly being below 1 000.Risk factors for antithrombotic therapy are cat-egorized into those affecting antiplatelet drugs,warfarin,and new oral anticoagulants.Age,gender,renal function,and combination of antithrombotic drugs are common risk factors,and different risk factors of antithrombotic drugs also have their characteristics.Conclusion While there is substantial research on risk factors in antithrombotic therapy globally,the sample size needs to be improved.Pharmacists should provide individualized medication services based on different drugs and different groups to ensure medication safety for patients.