To investigate the effect of graded recession and anteriorization of the overaction inferior oblique muscle, we performed graded recession and anteriorization of inferior oblique muscle in 34 patients(44 eyes) with dissociated vertical deviation(DVD) and/or inferior oblique overaction(IOOA). By the degree of IOOA, graded recession and anteriorization were done 4mm back and 2mm temporal to inferior rectus insertion in 6 eyes, 4mm back in 11 eyes, 3mm back in 6 eyes, 2mm back in 1 eye, 1mm back in 13 eyes, 0.5mm back in 1 eyes, and 0mm, parrallel in 6 eyes. The amount of graded recession and anteriorization was statistically correlated with the degree of change in IOOA(r=0.82, p<0.05) after surgery. Of the 44 eyes, 33(75%) had normal inferior oblique action after surgery. Of the 6 eyes with abnormal oblique function, 4 eyes had overaction of +1, 1 eye had overaction of +2, 1 eye had underaction of -1, 5 eyes had limitation of elevation in upward gaze which did not show hypotropia in primary position. The unilateral recession and anteriorization caused contralateral IOOA in 1 patient. In conclusion, graded recession and anteriorization of the inferior oblique is effective in the surgical management IOOA and DVD. However, to avoid postoperative limitation of elevation and occurrence of contralateral IOOA, we suggest graded recession and anteriorization be used bilaterally when possible.
Humans

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, serious, and usually fatal demyelinating disease that occurs predominantly in severely immunosuppressed patients. The disease is caused by the infection of oligodendrocytes with JC virus that is widely distributed as a latent infection in the general populations. PML has been described mainly in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. However, other immune-suppressed patients including malignancies and organ transplants can be affected with JC virus infection. Recently it is suggested that rheumatologic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, wegener`s granulomatosis be known to be at risk of developing PML. We report a case of PML in a patient with SLE.
Humans

No abstract available.
Humans

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Humans

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Humans

No abstract available.
Humans

Squamous papilloma is a commom benign lesion of the oral mucosa, but rarely encountered in dermatologic practice. Usually, oral squamous papilloma is a solitary peduculated lesion with verrucous surface, and known to be associated with human papilloma virus (HPV). We experienced a histologically confirmed case of oral squamous papilloma which occured in a 54-year-old man.
Humans

BACKGROUND: Efforts to reduce the wastage of blood components are necessary because of the shortage of blood components. To find ways of reducing the blood component wastage, we monitored the trends and reasons for wastage and we analyzed this data. METHODS: We have investigated and analyzed the amount and reasons for wastage from 2003 to 2005 by reviewing the wastage statements, and the information on these wastage statements was classified according to several aspects. Ouestions about the reasons for wastage and the methods for reducing such wastage were created and these were widely distributed to the doctors and nurses working at Pusan University Hospital. The results of the survey were analyzed. RESULTS: The wastage rates of blood component from 2003 to 2005 had a tendency to slightly decline: 1.49% in 2003, 1.26% in 2004 and 1.23% in 2005. The most frequent reason for wastage was the improvement in the patient's condition and the second most frequent reason was death of the patient. The favorite answers for the question about the most likely reason for wastage were related to different aspects of medicine, and also to the improvement in the patient's condition (52.6%) and the death of patient (22.6%) for the aspect of blood management, the most frequent answers were overcharge (43.3%) and delay of blood returning (17.7%). The analysis of the pattern of wastage showed that only 5 departments were responsible for 71.5%~78.1% of the wastage. CONCLUSION: Systematic and active management of the transfusion process, along with intensive cooperation of clinicians, is needed to prevent a considerable amount of blood component wastage.
Humans

No abstract available.
Humans

PURPOSE: This study was designed to explore what experiences nurses had while caring and providing emotional support for patients. METHODS: Participants were eight nurses working at hospitals for more than one year. Data were collected from June, 2006 to January, 2007 through in-depth interview by using tape-recordings. Data were analysed with the phenomenological method proposed by Colazzi(1978). RESULTS: From significant statements, 4 clustered themes, 7 themes and 23 sub-themes were extracted from the essential meaning of the emotional experience of hospital nurses. The 4 clustered themes were 'movement of mind', 'affection and service for patients', 'worthwhile and conflict' and 'control oneself'. The 7 themes were 'special feeling', 'rapport formation', 'consideration', 'human interaction', 'value discovery', 'loss of volition', and 'keep to balance'. CONCLUSION: Although nurses had tough experiences for providing care for patients' emotional support, they had also experienced spiritual maturity from its experience. The result of this study would contribute for nurses not only to care for patients who need emotional support but also to develop knowledge in nursing.
Humans