1.Analysis of the hydration status and related factors of boarding students in a rural primary school in Guangxi
ZHANG Yaning*, CHENG Shuai, XIA Yunting, ZHANG Na, LI Hongxing
Chinese Journal of School Health 2026;47(1):37-41
Objective:
To understand the hydration status and related factors of rural boarding primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for drinking water health intervention for primary school students.
Methods:
In November 2023, a convenience sampling approach was employed to conduct a hydration status survey among 144 boarding students in grades 5 and 6 of a rural primary school in Guangxi. The Duplicate meal method and weighing method were utilized to measure the food derived water intake over three consecutive days. Urine osmolarity of students was measured on site for three days, and a simple physical examination was also carried out. A self administered questionnaire was used to investigate students drinking water literacy, daily water intake, and physical activity levels. Meanwhile, a drinking water literacy survey was conducted among 21 substitute teachers and 144 parents of the boarding students in grades 5 and 6. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with students hydration status.
Results:
The median daily total water intake of students was 2 043.55 mL, and 54.86% of the students did not reach the recommended Adequate Intake (AI). The median food derived water intake was 1 149.24 mL, accounting for 53.94% of the total water intake. Univariate analysis revealed that the daily drinking frequency, daily water intake, and food derived water intake of students were related factors of hydration status ( β =-1.60, -1.01, -0.00, all P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that primary school students with a daily drinking frequency of ≥7 times were more likely to maintain an adequate hydration status ( OR =0.28, 95% CI =0.09-0.93, P <0.05).
Conclusions
The water intake from food is the main source of water in the body for boarding primary school students in a certain rural school in Guangxi. Primary school students should increase their water intake frequency appropriately to maintain an adequate hydration status.
2.Strategies and advances in hepatitis B vaccination in China
Lin TANG ; Xia XU ; Zemei ZHOU ; Xiaoqi WANG ; Jizhen LI ; Zundong YIN ; Fuzhen WANG
Journal of Clinical Hepatology 2025;41(2):210-215
Hepatitis B is a major global public health issue. Through the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control strategies centered on hepatitis B vaccination, China has achieved remarkable progress in hepatitis B prevention and control, while there are still many issues and challenges. This article reviews the development of hepatitis B vaccination strategies in China, analyzes the goal and advances in vaccination in different populations, and problems and challenges, in order to provide a reference for further optimizing vaccination strategies and improving the levels of prevention and control.
3.Advances, achievements, and challenges in action to eliminate hepatitis C as a public health threat in China
Journal of Clinical Hepatology 2025;41(2):216-220
In 2016, the World Health Organization proposed the vision of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030, and since then, China has actively promoted the elimination of hepatitis C as a public health threat and has made great achievements by formulating policies, clarifying main tasks, focusing on key issues, and implementing prevention and treatment measures. This article reviews the advances and achievements in China’s actions to eliminate hepatitis C as a public health threat since 2016, analyzes the existing problems and challenges, and puts forward recommendations for future prevention and control strategies, in order to provide a reference for achieving the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.
4.Research advances in the disease burden of viral hepatitis in China
Jian LI ; Fuzhen WANG ; Zhongdan CHEN ; Jinlei QI ; Ailing WANG ; Fanghui ZHAO ; Yuanyuan KONG ; Jing SUN ; Jiaqi KANG ; Zundong YIN ; Zhongfu LIU ; Jidong JIA ; Yu WANG
Journal of Clinical Hepatology 2025;41(2):221-227
Over the past three decades, China has made significant progress in the prevention and control of viral hepatitis, and the incidence rates of new-onset pediatric hepatitis B virus infections and acute viral hepatitis in the population have reduced to a relatively low level; however, there is still a heavy disease burden of chronic viral hepatitis in China, which severely affects the health status of the population. This study systematically summarizes the achievements of viral hepatitis prevention and control in China, analyzes existing problems and challenges, and proposes comprehensive prevention and control strategies and measures to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat based on the national conditions of China, in order to provide a reference for related departments in China on how to achieve the action targets for eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.
5.Study on meal preferences of school aged children based on discrete choice experiment
Chinese Journal of School Health 2025;46(1):45-49
Objective:
To explore the relative importance of different food attributes and levels in food decision making of school aged children, and to understand their meal preferences, so as to provide the evidence for formulating precise intervention strategies for dietary behaviours of school aged children.
Methods:
From May to June 2024, a total of 854 children aged 11 to 15 years old were selected from 2 middle schools (each school in urban and rural areas) in both Hubei Province and Anhui Province by stratified cluster random sampling method to conduct a D-optimal discrete choice experiment. The mixed Logit model was used to analyze children s preference for meal attributes and different levels, and to calculate the relative importance (RI) of attributes and willingness to pay (WTP) in meal choices.
Results:
The included five food attributes had statistical significance on meal choice of school aged children ( P <0.05). The relative importance of food attributes affecting the meal choices of school aged children in descending order were dining mode ( RI =31.26%), food varieties ( RI =30.56%), cooking method( RI =23.84%), taste( RI =8.06%) and price ( RI =6.27%). Among them, school aged children preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.74) (WTP=86.3 yuan),varied foods(grain/tubers+vegetables+fish, meat, eggs and beans) ( β =0.61) (WTP=71.9 yuan), fried/roasted cooking ( β =0.51) and spicy taste ( β =0.33).Price was negatively correlated with meal choices( β =-0.01) ( P <0.05). Based on residential area and body mass index (BMI), the stratified analysis showed that dining mode was highest in the relative importance for rural children with overweight and obese children ( RI =31.28%,34.17%), both of whom preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.76, 0.91), and meals containing fish, meat, eggs and beans with grain/tubers or grain/tubers and vegetables in terms of food choice (area: β =0.53, 0.53 ; BMI: β =0.55, 0.56) ( P <0.05).
Conclusions
School aged children have different preferences for different attributes of meals. The quality of school meals should be improved,the cost of buying healthy meals should be reduced,targeted family health education should be carried out,and healthy cooking methods should be advocated.
6.A survey on current situation of public awareness of nuclear emergency evacuation around a nuclear power plant
Penglei HU ; Long YUAN ; Huifang CHEN ; Ximing FU ; Cuiping LEI
Chinese Journal of Radiological Health 2025;34(2):192-197
Objective To investigate the current level of public awareness regarding nuclear emergency evacuation around a nuclear power plant, analyze the influencing factors, and propose suggestions and countermeasures based on the results. Methods In July 2024, according to the survey protocol and questionnaire developed by the National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, a field-based centralized online questionnaire was administered. A total of 854 residents living near the nuclear power plant were included as survey participants. An analysis of variance was used to compare the impact of different factors on the public knowledge of nuclear radiation and awareness of nuclear emergency evacuation, while the chi-square test was employed to compare differences between groups. Results A total of 854 questionnaires were collected in this study. The survey revealed that the levels of public knowledge about nuclear radiation and awareness of nuclear emergency evacuation around the power plant were relatively low, with average objective awareness rates of 51% and 47%, respectively. In terms of age, the 30-45 years old group had the highest average score, while the group aged 60 and above had the lowest. Regarding education level, the group with primary school education or below had the lowest average score, whereas those with junior college or undergraduate education scored the highest. The internet (73.7%) was the primary source of emergency information for the public, followed by television (61.7%). The majority of the public (85.0%) expressed trust in the government during evacuation and were willing to follow governmental evacuation arrangements. The main reason for this willingness was the belief that the government could provide sufficient emergency supplies. Conclusion The surveyed population exhibited low levels of knowledge regarding nuclear radiation and awareness of nuclear emergency evacuation, with generally low awareness rates. Awareness levels were influenced by factors such as sex, age, educational background, and distance from the nuclear power plant. To enhance public awareness, it is necessary to strengthen science communication related to nuclear radiation and public protective actions in nuclear emergencies. Targeted dissemination strategies with high communication effectiveness, accessibility, and public acceptance should be adopted to gradually enhance public awareness of nuclear radiation and nuclear emergency protective actions.
7.Application and optimization of HDEHP extraction chromatography in the determination of strontium-90 in seafood
Cen SHI ; Yuhan XIE ; Yuxin QIAN ; Yanqin JI
Chinese Journal of Radiological Health 2025;34(2):231-236
Objective To evaluate the environmental radioactive safety level in China, monitor the radioactivity of strontium-90 (90Sr) in seafood from selected marine regions of China, and optimize the di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) extraction chromatography method for determining Sr-90 in seafood. Methods In 2023, seafoods of fish, shrimp, shellfish, and seaweed were collected from the Shandong Province (Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea) and Hainan Province (South China Sea). The levels of Sr in the samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The 90Sr separation were performed using HDEHP extraction chromatography, while the recovery of 90Sr were determined by the gravitmetry with the assistant of ICP-AES. Results The content of strontium in seafoods varies greatly, and excessive strontium and calcium in seafood may lead to overestimated recovery due to insufficient leaching during chromatographic separation by HDEHP extraction. Therefore, the yttrium content in the eluent should be analyzed by ICP . The radioactivity of 90Sr in seafood from the sea areas in Shandong Province was 0.22-1.85 Bq/kg (dry weight), and that of seafood from Hainan Province was 0.19-1.82 Bq/kg (dry weight). Conclusion For the analysis of shirmp and seaweed samples, the recovery rate of 90Sr should be analyzed using both gravimetry and ICP-AES. There is no significant linear correlation between total Sr and 90Sr in seafood. There is no significant difference in 90Sr radioactivity between the seafood samples collected from Shandong and Hainan. The 90Sr radioactivity levels of all 28 samples are below the limit specified in the Limited concentrations of radioactive materials in foods (GB 14882—1994) and are within the range of environmental background fluctuations.
8.Analysis of the 2023 national interlaboratory comparison for measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water
Liangliang YIN ; Yuhan XIE ; Yuxin QIAN ; Cen SHI ; Yanqin JI
Chinese Journal of Radiological Health 2025;34(2):237-241
Objective To organize a nationwide interlaboratory comparison for measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water, and improve the laboratory analysis of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water. Methods A unified comparison protocol was developed by the organizers. The groundwater with high natural radioactivity was used as water sample and distributed randomly to the participating laboratories. The participating laboratories used routine analytical methods to measure the samples and provided information such as analytical results, original records, and test reports. The results were evaluated using z-score. Results A total of 76 laboratories participated in the comparison, all employing the evaporation concentration-α/β counting method. Among them, 69 laboratories achieved |z| ≤ 2 for both gross α and gross β radioactivity measurements, and 32 laboratories achieved |z| ≤ 0.50 for both gross α and gross β radioactivity measurements. There were 69 laboratories with qualified results and 30 laboratories with excellent results, yielding a qualified rate of 90.8% and an excellent rate of 39.5%. Seven laboratories showed unqualified results and the unqualified rate was 9.2%. Conclusion Most laboratories have the ability to analyze gross α and gross β radioactivity in water. The main reasons for the deviation in comparison results are calibration efficiency, errors in the total residue mass caused by improper water sample processing operations. By analyzing the main technical problems existed in unqualified laboratories, their ability for measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water has been improved.
9.Analysis of the content of five radionuclides in wild edible fungi
Zhenglin YE ; Qiang ZHOU ; Fei TUO ; Baolu YANG ; Zeshu LI ; Weihao QIN ; Shuying KONG
Chinese Journal of Radiological Health 2025;34(2):242-248
Objective To determine the content and distribution characteristics of the artificial radionuclide 137Cs and the natural radionuclides 210Pb, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K in wild edible fungi, and calculate the committed effective dose due to 137Cs and 210Pb in wild edible fungi. Methods Thirty samples of wild edible fungi were collected and their caps and stems were separated. A total of 60 samples were measured for 137Cs, 210Pb, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K using a BE5030 wide-energy, low-background, high-purity germanium γ spectrometer. The paired analysis of the four radionuclides 226Ra, 210Pb, 137Cs, and 40K was performed using SPSS 11.5. Results Among the 60 samples, the detection rates and dry weight specific activity ranges of 137Cs, 210Pb, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K were 97% and 0.62-384 Bq/kg, 73% and 6.4-159 Bq/kg, 52% and 0.7-28.8 Bq/kg, 5% and 0.43-2.18 Bq/kg and 100% and (77.4-264) × 10 Bq/kg, respectively. Conclusion Based on the analysis of the 60 samples, the detection rate of radionuclides is in the order of 40K, 137Cs, 210Pb, 226Ra, and 228Ra. In terms of the specific activity, the distribution of 40K and 226Ra in wild edible fungi in the same region is basically uniform, while the content of 210Pb and 137Cs fluctuates in different samples. Although 137Cs and 210Pb can be detected in most of the wild edible fungi, the annual committed effective dose due to ingestion of wild edible fungi is negligible.
10.The validation of radiation-responsive lncRNAs in radiation-induced intestinal injury and their dose-effect relationship
Ying GAO ; Xuelei TIAN ; Qingjie LIU ; Hua ZHAO ; Wei ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Radiological Health 2025;34(2):270-278
Objective To explore the feasibility of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as biomarkers for radiation-induced intestinal injury. Methods Mice were exposed to 15 Gy of 60Co γ-rays to the abdominal area. The pathological changes in intestinal tissues were analyzed at 72 h post-irradiation to confirm the successful establishment of the radiation-induced intestinal injury model. Real-time quantitative PCR was conducted to detect the expression of candidate radiation-responsive lncRNAs in the jejunum, jejunal crypts, colon tissues, and plasma of irradiated mice. Human intestinal epithelial cell line HIEC-6 and human colon epithelial cell line NCM460 were exposed to 0, 5, 10, and 15 Gy of 60Co γ-rays. The expression levels of candidate lncRNAs were measured at 4, 24, 48, and 72 h post-irradiation to observe their changes with the irradiation dose. Results Pathological analysis showed that abdominal irradiation with 15 Gy successfully established an acute radiation-induced intestinal injury mouse model. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that Dino, Lncpint, Meg3, Dnm3os, Trp53cor1, Pvt1, and Neat1 were significantly upregulated following the occurrence of radiation-induced intestinal injury (P < 0.05). Among them, Meg3 and Dnm3os in mouse plasma were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05), while Gas5 was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). In HIEC-6 and NCM460 cells, the expression levels of DINO, MEG3, DNM3OS, and GAS5 showed dose-dependent patterns at certain time points (P < 0.05). Conclusion The lncRNAs encoded by MEG3, DNM3OS, and GAS5 in intestinal epithelial cells are responsive to ionizing radiation. Consistent differential expression changes were detected in mouse plasma and intestinal tissues, indicating their potential as biomarkers for radiation-induced intestinal injury.


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