No abstract available.
Antifungal Agents* ; Trichophyton*

Greater galangal rhizomes have been used as medicinal herbs to treat pityriasis versicolor and other diseases. By using a premilinary examination from TLC and the antifungal activity against Pityrosporum orbiculare, a new component was extracted from rhizomes of Alpinia galanga Swartz in Vietnam. The chemical structure of this component was determined by GC-MS and 1H & 13C NMR. Galangal acetate was a colorless, pungent and oily liquid. It showed the antifungal activity against P. orbiculare with MIC = 0.25 ml/ml
Antifungal Agents ; Malassezia

By condensation of phenylisothiocyanate with amine compounds, thioure derivatives were obtained. The structures of the obtained products were determined by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The study indicated that most of them had antibacterial and anti-fungal activities. Two compounds have good effect on Candida albicans
Chemical synthesis ; Antifungal Agents

Polysan cream has antibacterial effect, including gram negative one. It also has antifungal action, especially on Candida albicans. Polysan has a good homeostatic effect and high biocompatibility due to activation of newly generated cells. Polysan cream treated a lot of patients with partial and full-thickness burn wounds at National Institute of Burns, Saint Paul hospital in Hanoi and other hospitals in Vietnam. The good therapeutic efficacy was expressed in all cases. Both Polysaccharide material and Polysan cream have been licensed and patented by Vietnam Ministry of Health as the registrated material (R.Nr.NC1-HO1-98) and pharmaceutical product (R.Nr.NC2-HO1-98) respectively
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antifungal Agents

3-salicylaminorhodanine is obtained by method dithiocarbamat. Condensation of 3-salicylaminorhodamine with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyd, benzaldehyd and with phenyllhydrazin to get (5-dimethylaminobenzyliden) 3-salicylaminorhodanine and (4-phenyl hydrazon) 3-salicylaminorhodanine. All of them are not seen in the document. The structures of the obtained products were characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The results obtained on the test of antibiotic and antifungal activities determined that most of them have strong effect on many species of tested bacteria and fungus.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antifungal Agents

31 compounds (mainly sesquiterpenoids) were identified in the composition of the wood oil of Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Hery et Thomas, Cupressaceae, of Vietnam. Trans nerolidol (35.0%) and fokienol (25.2%) are the major constituents of the oil. A novel oxygenated sesquiterpen, farnesa-1, 8, 10-trien -3,7-oxide was isolated from the oil, their structure were characterized by MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR. For the first time, the antibacterial and antifungal activity against 15 microorganisms of the oil as well as the isolated sesquiterpenoids trans nerolidol, fokienol and a-cadinol was studied.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antifungal Agents

Introduction: The rise of antibiotic resistance and superbugs drives the search for new antibiotics today. Meanwhile, the green mussel Perna viridis is a cultivated and marketed staple bivalve in the Philippines due to its fast repro-duction, high protein content, and tolerance to environmental variables. Although some studies have analyzed the antimicrobial activity of P. viridis, zoochemical analyses and further evaluation of its antimicrobial activity, such as determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), remains unexplored.

Objectives: The study evaluated the zoochemicals present in crude methanolic extract of P. viridis by qualitative screening and thin-layer chromatography analysis. It further evaluated the crude extract for its antimicrobial activity against common pathogenic bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi.

Materials and Methods: The zoochemicals in crude methanolic extract of P. viridis were screened using qualitative spotting methods and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The antimicrobial activity of the extract was evaluated against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, and the fungi Colletotrichum capsici, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Rhizopus sp. using disk diffusion assay and two-fold microdilution.

Results: Qualitative screening and thin-layer chromatography analysis of the crude extract revealed detectable amounts of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, sterols, and polyphenols. All of the tested bacteria were susceptible to the extract with P. aeruginosa (19.00±0.82 mm) and S. aureus (19.33±0.47 mm) as the most inhibited with MICs of 2.60±0.63 and 3.65±1.69 mg/mL, respectively. However, for the three fungi tested, only the growth of the fungus L. theobromae (7.33±0.94 mm) was inhibited with a MIC of 33.33±11.79 mg/mL.

Conclusion: It can be inferred that the zoochemicals detected in the crude extract of P. viridis contributed to its antimicrobial activity.

Key Words: Antibacterial agent, Antifungal agent, Green mussel, Plant pathogenic fungi, Secondary metabolites

No abstract available.
Antifungal Agents* ; Candida albicans* ; Candida*

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a very common disease in most of the low- and middle-income countries. As a result of high disease burden, TB control measures in these countries are usually concentrated on intensifying active disease case-finding and early treatment of infectious TB. On the contrary, in countries with low disease burden, the focus is on contact investigation to identify latently infected individuals and prophylactically treating them to prevent disease reactivation and transmission. These two strategies are deemed important for the effective TB control. Nonetheless, WHO cautions that targeted contact investigation and latent TB infection (LTBI) treatment should only be undertaken by countries that have the operational capacity/resources and have achieved ≥ 85% treatment success rate of active TB. The screening of LTBI is further challenged by the lack of a “gold standard” test to identify and validate individuals with this condition. Tuberculin skin test (TST) is still the preferred investigation as it is cheap, widely available and validated in many trials. The sensitivity and specificity of the newer test—interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for LTBI screening has been encouraging in low prevalence countries. However, the evidence supporting such usage remains uncertain in high burden settings. Diagnosis of LTBI should adhere to the strict criteria outlined in the guidelines to avoid misdiagnosing active TB as LTBI. The treatment of the latter involved only one or two anti-TB drugs. It has been demonstrated that in the properly conducted contact screening and LTBI treatment, chances of the emergence of multi-drug-resistant TB is very low.
Tuberculosis ; Poverty ; Antifungal Agents ; Itraconazole

Aims: The exploration of natural products with innovative uses is dynamic and expanding rapidly. Medicinal plants have fascinated many researchers that subsequently lead to research publications highlighting plant extracts with wide range of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, quinones, terpenoids, tannins and saponins that exhibit antimicrobial activities and disease control. The concentration of these bioactive compounds in each plant species varies based on the pathosystem and environmental conditions. This study aims to uncover the various types of phytochemicals with antifungal properties. Methodology and results: Seven categories of plant-based antifungal compounds were reviewed, which are terpenoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, coumarins, alkaloids, essential oils and peptides, with examples and structures of some available compounds. The mechanism of action of each category of phytochemical was discussed. Also, the impact of some compounds was explained and elaborated. Conclusion, significance and impact of study It is of a great importance to explore natural plant fighters against fungal infection. Those active plant components do not only have antifungal properties, but they also help in the healing process and some even exhibit anticancer activities. The development and knowledge of antifungal activities from plant extracts have the potential for applications in antifungal therapy. Since the exact description of how antifungal compounds function in the human body is still unclear more studies are required to unveil phytochemicals’ properties and to elucidate their effects on living cells.
Phytochemicals--therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents