INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the in vitro susceptibility of standard isolates of common pathogens causing bacterial conjunctivitis to non-fluoroquinolone antimicrobial ophthalmic medications. METHODS: This is a single-blind experimental study which compared the in vitro susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis to locally available non-fluoroquinolone ophthalmic medications, specifically chloramphenicol, tobramycin, fusidic acid, gentamicin sulfate, sulfacetamide and polymyxin-neomycin. Utilizing the disk diffusion method, zones of inhibition in millimeters for each bacterial isolate was recorded and tabulated. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine statistical differences. RESULTS: Both Staphylococci were sensitive to all antibiotics except sulfacetamide. Only chloramphenicol showed activity against all four isolates. Tobramycin showed the largest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was statistically significant difference in the median zone of inhibition in each antimicrobial medication against Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.002) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (p < 0.001) with the largest mean zone of inhibition by fusidic acid of 34 and 38 millimeters, respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae was least susceptible to antibiotics tested; only chloramphenicol and fusidic acid showed activity. There were also significant differences in the median zones of inhibition across the isolates. CONCLUSION The standard isolates are susceptible to at least one non-fluoroquinolone ophthalmic medication. The antibiotics tested showed differences in activity against the four isolates. The findings of this study may be used as a basis to review local practice patterns or/and initiate revisions in the guidelines for prescribing initial treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents*

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents*

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Phagocytosis*

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Sepsis*

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Diarrhea*

138 cases with bacterial septicemia in Bach Mai Hospital were divided into two groups. The first group (n=51, 36.9%) was given single treatment (one antibiotic). The second group (n=87, 63.1%) was given combination treatment (two antibiotics). Due to the rate of cultured negative blood is high (about 70%), so the rate of initial treatment using antibiotic combination (63%) is higher than single antibiotic treatment (37%). Antibiotic groups used in combination treatment is aminosid antibiotics, in which amikacin is selected the most (27/37 cases, 72.9%). Third generation cephalosporin group makes the highest rate in single treatment (49%) as well as in combination treatment (58.7%). Quinolones, pefloxacin group used almost as initial method (single as well as in combination)
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Therapeutics

Isolate, purify, and identify bacteria from probiotic supplement. Results: 5 strains of lactic bacteria were determined, including: Steptococus feacalis; Streptococcus lactic; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Lactobaccillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus casei. Study the sensitivity of these bacteria with antibiotics, results showed that these bacteria were resistant to many antibiotics, especially oral antibiotics. Conjugative trial between Streptoccocus feacalis, Streptococus lactic, Bifidobacterium bifidum, lactobacillus acidophilus casei and E.coli K12, and conjugative trial of lactic bacteria together showed negative results. Therefore, probiotic product contained many lactic bacteria can be used concomitant with some oral antibiotics to prevent or treat digestive disorders
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria

To predict the potential therapeutic efficacy of combination of antibiotics, methods have been developed to quantitative their effects on bacterial growth in vitro. Two distinct different methods are used. The first methods for evaluating drug combinations involve quantitation on their rate of bactericidal action. The second employs serial twofold dilution of antibiotics in broth in osculated with a standard number of the test microorganism in a checkerboard fashion, so that antibiotic concentration in different proportion can be tested simultaneously. Laboratory trials have carried out on antimicrobe resistant S. anreus. We found that gentamicine combined penicillin or gentamycine combined cephalothin in more rapidly bactericidal effect than either drug alone, the result is termed synergism. On the contrary, antagonism in said to occur with penicillin combined chloramphenicol.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Staphylococcus