China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes ; physiology ; Listeriosis ; epidemiology ; Serotyping

Objective To investigate the therapeutic action of Taurine in patients with cerebral infarction(CI)induced by hyperhomocysteinemia(Hhcy).Methods The 100 CI patients induced by Hhcy were randomly divided to two therapy groups.One group was administered Taurine,the other group was administered Folacin combined with Vitamine B12 for 8 weeks.Before and after treating,the serum levels of homocysteic acid(Hcy),Folacin and Vitamine B12 were detected,NIHSS and BI were evaluated.Results The serum levels of Hcy were significantly decreased after administering in both two groups(all P

The experiment explored the influence of glutamic acid (Glu) and the NMDA-receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) on the pain-evoked responses of pain-excitation neurons (PEN) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats. The trains of electric impulses applied to the sciatic nerve were used as noxious stimulation. The discharges of PEN in NAc were recorded by glass microelectrode. We observed the influence of intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of Glu and microinjection of MK-801 into the NAc on the noxious stimulation-evoked activities of PEN in NAc. The results showed that the noxious stimulation potentiated the electric activities of PEN in NAc. Intracerebroventricular injection of Glu (10 nmol/10 microl) increased the frequency of the discharge of PEN evoked by the noxious stimulation in NAc, the Glu-induced response was blocked by the injection of MK-801 (1.0 nmol/0.5 microl) into NAc. MK-801 partly inhibited the response of PEN upon the noxious stimulation. It is therefore suggested that the facilitatory effect of Glu on PEN response in NAc to the noxious stimulation is mediated by NMDA receptors, and that Glu and NMDA receptors are involved in the modulation of nociceptive information transmission in the NAc.
Animals ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; methods ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Female ; Glutamic Acid ; physiology ; Male ; Neurons ; physiology ; Nociceptors ; physiology ; Nucleus Accumbens ; physiology ; Pain ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficiency of one-step multiplex RT-PCR for identifying four common fusion transcripts (TEL/AML1, E2A/PBX1, MLL/AF4 and BCR/ABL) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

METHODSTotal RNA was extracted from bone marrow samples of 76 children who were newly diagnosed with ALL between January 2003 and December 2010. These RNAs were analyzed for TEL/AML1, E2A/PBX1, MLL/AF4 and BCR/ABL by one-step multiplex RT-PCR or common nested-multiplex PCR. The PCR products were confirmed by DNA sequencing.

RESULTSTEL/AML1 was found in 12 cases (the length of products was 298 bp in 9 cases and 259 bp in 3 cases), E2A/PBX1 was found in 3 cases (the length of products was 373 bp), BCR/ABL was found in 1 case (the length of products was 2 124 bp), and MLL/AF4 was found in 7 cases (the length of products was 427 bp in 1 case and 673 bp in 6 cases) using one-step multiplex RT-PCR combined with DNA sequencing. The results were consistent with those using common nested-multiplex PCR.

CONCLUSIONSOne-step multiplex RT-PCR may be another alternative for detection of common fusion transcripts in children with ALL.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; genetics ; Female ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein ; genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) on the behavior and the brain neurotransmitter levels in mice.

METHODSThirty mice were randomly divided into four groups, which were control group and groups of low, middle and high exposure (225, 450 and 900 mg/m3) to 1,2-DCE for 10 days (3.5 h a day) by inhalation. After the last exposure, the open field test was performed immediately. After exposure all mice were killed and the brain tissues were taken up rapidly. The levels of aspartate (Asp), glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTSLevels of Asp and Glu in all exposure groups increased with doses. As compared to the control group, levels of Glu in all exposure groups increased significantly (P < 0.05). Levels of GABA in the low exposure group were significantly lower than those in control group, but those in the high exposure group were significantly higher than those in control group. The results of the open field test showed that effect of low exposure to 1,2-DCE on the behavior was stimulant, but the high exposure to 1,2-DCE inhibited behavior of exploration, excitement and sport.

CONCLUSIONSSubacute exposure to 1,2-DCE could result in the change of amino acid neurotransmitter content and ratio in the brain, thereby change the behavior of mice appeared, which might be the mechanism of neurotoxicity caused by 1,2-DCE in part.

Animals ; Aspartic Acid ; analysis ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Brain ; metabolism ; Ethylene Dichlorides ; toxicity ; Female ; Glutamic Acid ; analysis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the regulating effects of a novel CpG oligodeoxynuleotide and the synergistic effect of chitosan-nanoparticles (CNP) with CpG on immune responses of mice, which were used to develop a novel immunoadjuvant to boost immune response to conventional vaccines.

METHODSA novel CpG ODN containing 11 CpG motifs was synthesized and its bioactivities to stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes of pig in vitro were detected. Then it was entrapped with CNP prepared in our laboratory by the method of ionic cross linkage, and immunized Kunming mice were co-inoculated with paratyphoid vaccine. The peripheral blood was collected weekly from the tail vein of inoculated mice to detect the contents of IgG, IgA, IgM, and specific antibody against salmonella as well as the levels of interleukin-2 (IL2), IL-4, and IL-6 by SABC-ELISA assay. The numbers of leucocytes, monocytes, granuloytes, and lymphocytes were calculated separately using the routine method. The experimental mice were orally challenged with virulent salmonella 35 days after inoculation.

RESULTSThis CpG ODN could remarkably provoke the proliferation of lymphocytes of pig in vitro in contrast with the control (P < 0.05). Compared with those of the control, immunoglobulins, including IgG, IgA, IgM, and specific antibodies to paratyphoid vaccine, increased significantly in sera from the CpG or CpG-CNP-vaccinated mice (P < 0.05). IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 increased remarkably in sera from immunized mice (P < 0.05). The leucocytes, monocytes, granuloytes, and lymphocytes of the mice immunized with CpG or CpG-CNP were also increased in number (P < 0.05). After the challenge, these immunity values were elevated in the mice vaccinated with CpG or CpG-CNP. The immunized mice all survived, while the control mice fell ill with evident lesions with diffuse hemorrhage in stomach, small intestine, and peritoneum.

CONCLUSIONSCpG ODN entrapped with CNP is a promising effective immunoadjuvant for vaccination, which promotes humoral and cellular immune responses, enhances immunity and resistance against salmonella by co-administration with paratyphoid vaccine.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Cell Proliferation ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunoglobulin Isotypes ; blood ; Interleukins ; blood ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Paratyphoid Fever ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Salmonella ; physiology ; Salmonella Infections, Animal ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Swine ; immunology ; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines ; immunology

Objective To elucidate the genetic diversifications of avian influenza subtype H5N1 viruses in the boundary regions of Yunnan province during 2009 to July,2011.Methods Swab samples were collected from foreign poultry and wild birds in boundary regions of Yunnan province during 2009 to July,2011 and tested by H5/N1 subtype-specific multiplex RT-PCR.The HA genes of H5N1 virus from the positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pMD 18-T vectors for sequencing.Both alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed with sequences of the known reference strains.Results Fifteen different HA sequences were obtained from 36 representative positive samples and could be divided into 2 distinct Clades (2.3.2 and 2.3.4).Through phylogenetic analysis,Clade 2.3.2 and 2.3.4 could then be further divided into 3 ( Ⅱ -1 to Ⅱ -3 ) and 2 smaller clades ( Ⅰ -1 and Ⅰ -2),respectively.The viruses of Clade 2.3.2 Ⅱ -1 and Ⅱ-2 were new variant strains of H5N 1 virus.The cleavage sites of HA from positive samples all possessed molecular characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.Mutation of key amino acids had been found among receptor binding sites,potential glycosylation sites,neutralizing epitopes and others.Conclusion It seemed evident that the H5N1 subtype viruses showed genetic diversifications and had undergone the evolution progress of multi-clade (2.3.2,2.3.4) to single caide (2.3.2) in the boundary regions of Yunnan province,during 2009 to July,2011.

In order to investigate the central nervous mechanism and the diseases involved in catecholamine transmitter secretion, the dynamics of catecholamine release is studied in single cell, brain slice or in vivo. Noradrenaline is an important neurotransmitter and modulator in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the present paper, we first compared three real-time methods used to measure noradrenaline secretion in single cells (membrane capacitance, amperometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging). Compared to the electrophysiological method and fluorescence microscopy, the basic usage of the carbon fiber electrode (CFE) in neuroscience research was presented as an example. Then, we presented a primary description of ion channels, including voltage-gated Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) channels in locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in rat brain slices. Finally, we presented example recordings of combined patch-clamp and amperometry measurements in LC neurons, indicating Ca(2+)-dependent quantal noradrenaline release following Ca(2+) influx through Ca(2+) channels.
Animals ; Central Nervous System ; physiology ; Ion Channels ; physiology ; Norepinephrine ; secretion ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic mucous resection with transparent cap (EMR-Cap) and endoscopic multi-band mucosectomy (MBM) in the treatment of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesion.

METHODSA retrospective study was performed to review 30 EMR-Cap cases from December 2008 to December 2009 and 32 MBM cases from January 2010 to January 2011 of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. The differences between these two techniques in efficacy, safety, and cost were compared.

RESULTSIn EMR-Cap group, the median resection time was 26(10-56) min and median procedure time was 43(22-81) min, significantly longer than those in MBM group [10(7-18) min and 32(28-45) min, P=0.036 and 0.038, respectively]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in total thickness and depth of resected lesions (P>0.05). In EMR-Cap group, the median cost was significantly higher than that of MBM group [(5466±354) vs. (4014±368) RMB, P=0.008)].

CONCLUSIONSEMR-Cap and MBM are minimally invasive, safe and effective methods in the treatment of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. Compared to the EMR-Cap, MBM is simple with shorter treatment time and lower cost.

Aged ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; surgery ; Precancerous Conditions ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Antibody Formation ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; immunology