1. STANDARDIZATION STUDY OF CHAMAENERION ANGUSTIFOLIUM (L.) SCOP
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014;5(2):22-25
Introduction: Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. has a cup-shaped nectary which locates in hollow receptacle, belonging to receptacle nectary. One layer of eqidermis on which modified stoma lie is covered by a thin cuticular layer. The nectary is differentiated from the srperfical layer cells of receptacle and that no special initial has been found. Goal: The aim of this study was to develop a natural Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop plant’s standardization requirements. Material and Methods: The root samples of natural Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop was collected from Umnudelger sum, Khentii aimag in August, 2013. The plant material dried under shade at room temperature. Then passed through 120 mesh size to remove coarse powder and fine powder was used for estimation of biologically active compound content in plant material [1, 3, 7]. Shimazdu UV –VIS Spectrophotometer was employed for all spectroscopic measurements using a pair of matched quartz cells and Shimadzu High Perpormance Liquid Chromatography equipment equipped with SPD - 20 A UV detector, CMB - 20 A system controller, CTO-10 AS vp column oven with injector and LC-6AD pumps. Gallic acid, Folin-Ciocalteau, sodium carbonate, methanol, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and glucose used were of the highest commercially available purity [8. 9, 10]. Results: The present study was carried out to develop a simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate, precise spectrophotometric and HPLC method to determine polysaccharide, polyphenolic and gallic acid by simultaneous estimation of in standardization formulation. Chromatographic analysis was carried out by Luna C18 (2) 100A reversed phase column (150 x 4.6 mm) packed with 5μm diameter particles. The mobile phase was 0.1% acedic acid:Methaol (95:5 v/v). The mobile phase was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter. Then it was degassed ultrasonically prior to use. HPLC identification of standard gallic acid was at 278 nm. Flow rate and injection volume were 0.8 ml /min and 20 µl, respectively. Gallic acid was eluted with retention times of 8.2 min respectively. Amounts of gallic acid were 0.3% in plant. The standard deviation values were satisfactorily low and recovery was closed to 100% indicating the reproducibility, accuracy and precision of proposed method. The natural plant contents of the polysaccharid and polyphenolic was found 2.65% and 4.59%, respectively. Conclusion: The results from this study, we developed natural Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. plant’s chemical ingredients for the its standardization. Keywords: Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., polysaccharide, polyphenolic and gallic acid.
2. STUDY OF THE ATTITUDE AND INTERRELATIONS, FEATURE OF ACTIVITY OF
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2012;1(1):46-51
INTRODUCTION: Although the quality, supply and availability of drugs have been improved in our today’s market, it still exists cases of the import, the distribution and illegal advertisement of drugs that don’t meet the quality standards. Moreover, many new private pharmaceutical factories and drug supplying organizations and drugstores are established and new pharmaceutical preparations and treatment services are provided now. The imply the need for securing the quality and security situation of drugs produced by domestic pharmaceutical factories and imported from abroad, to bring the quality control to new level, to further improve the law and legal environment, as well as to improve the public regulation about drugs. [5] GOAL OF STUDY: Тo study the work characteristics and their ethic relation of doctors and representatives of the representative office of foreign and domestic pharmaceutical companies carrying out their activities on the pharmaceutical market of our country, as well as the interrelation and attitude of doctor representatives, and doctors and pharmacists in connection with their work and duty characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At all 200 pharmacists of 45 drugstores in 6 districts, at all 150 doctors of total 8 central hospital of III and II stage and 45 doctor representatives who are working representing 13 foreign companies are covered in this research work. We carried out our research and study works from March 2012 till September 2012 by 3 types of questionnaire “doctor”, “pharmacist” and “doctor representative”. CONCLUSION: 1. 24.4% of doctor representatives who participated in our study have been worked for 10-15 years, 19.5% of them for 5-10 years, and the main direction of activities were fully focused to hospitals and drugstores, and they are working by introducing of new pharmaceutical preparations to the market. 2. The doctor representative are working to introduce and inform the clients and patients about their drug information using different marketing methods and principles through the intermediation of doctors and pharmacists, strictly holding on the principle of intercommunication with them, by daily visiting 3-5 hospitals, treatment centers and 5-10 drugstores by a constant frequency. And the doctors and pharmacists have a high work and professional respect before the doctor representatives. 3. It is approved that 54% of doctor representatives covered by our studies don’t talk about the issues relating to patients and impacting the doctoral ethic by their visits to doctors. 4. 56% of doctors and 59% of pharmacists who were covered by our study said that the doctor representative don’t make any proposal relating to and impacting the interests of their patients. This shows that the actual ethical tendency of the doctor representatives are at positive level.
3. ISSUES ON PROVIDING AND STRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT OF PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2012;1(1):52-57
Introduction: The medicine market is the rapidly developed, but the following negative consequences are faced with the field. Today, 42 drug factories, 158 drug supply centers and more than 1.200 drugstores conduct their services in our country and 543 of the total drugstores are located in Ulaanbaatar city. Total 2.476 medicines with or without prescription are sold through the drugstores. As of December 2011, 78.8% of total medicines, entered to the registration are the medicines which must be issued with the prescription. Goal: Discovering the reasons issuing the prescription medicines without the prescription among the drugstores of Ulaanbaatar city. Materials and method: • Legal documents on making the medicine prescription • Prescription, provided by doctors • Questions for doctors • Questions for pharmacists • Questions for the users Total 60 pharmacists of the 42 drugstores, 30 doctors of the Health Centers and Family Hospitals of Songinokhairkhan, Bayanzurkh, Chingeltei and Sukhbaatar district, Ulaanbaatar and 321 users who were served by the 30 drugstoresattended in the research work. The first questionnaire was provided on March 20-28, 2012 and subsequent questionnaire was made on October 18-30, 2012. The survey estimating the standard measurement on the doctor’s medicine prescription was carried out and I had worked on the 500 prescriptions, collected from the drugstores on March 2012 for a week. Results: As the result of this research work, 39.5% of total users who attended in the research work answered that there were high loads to take the medicine prescriptions, 31.6% of them answered that theywere busy to go to the doctor due to hospital high loads and 41.5% of doctors answered that they did not write the prescription when high loads. 78.3% of the pharmacists who attended in the research answered that their customers did not have the prescriptions. 32.6% of the prescriptions, attended in the research were not registered in the prescription form and 17.1% of the doctors answered that prescription forms were not enough. As the total prescription mistakes, name of patient was written wrong (31.4%), the diagnosis was not written (68.8%), medicine dose was written wrong or not written (31.4%), the usage instructions were not written /26.2%/, name of hospital was not written /73.2%/, doctors did not sign /52.2%/ and date of prescription was not noted /54.0%/.
4. 3“ИБУМОН 100 МГ/5МЛ” 100МЛ ХӨВМӨЛ ЭМИЙН СТАНДАРТЧЛАЛЫН СУДАЛГААНЫ ДҮНГЭЭС
Г.Бямбадулам ; Г.Баттулга ; Г. Оюунцэцэг ; Б.Бадамцэцэг ; Л.Хүрэлбаатар4
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014;4(1):8-10
Introduction: Normal human body temperature generation increase by called fever. Various disease syndrome symptoms of fever and high temperature ( 38.50C or more ) reduce the short term, especially when young children cerebral glucose deficiency epileptic disease is beginning fall, and brain tissues and cell malnutrition become parallel, paralysis, as a result of Poor memory and create the risk. Therefore, The World Health Organization (WHO) according 0-3 month infants 380C more than, 3-6 months 38.50C, and 6 months - 1 year old children body temperature 390C more than they must to use medicine or called to doctor. Infants and young children’s drug therapy is recommended for use in practice “ParaDenk 125mg, ParaDenk 250mg”, Panadol suspension (contain 120 mg paracetamol), Nurofen (contain Ibuprofen100mg) syrup. Irritation and fever, all the scenes prostoglandin much as synthesized. The main of this ibuprofen’s mechanism is inhibit prostoglandin synthesized. Domestic pharmaceutical market the ibuprofen containing Nurofen 100 ml suspension drugs are widely used in the treatment of young children, but the cost is high. The scope of research and ibuprofen suspension technologies pharmaceuticals manufacturer has been developed pharmacopeias article. The main aim of this study was to perform quality determination of “Ibumon 100mg /5 ml” 100 ml suspension. Material and methods: We studied “Ibumon” suspension technological and tandardization research in Drug experiment and manufacturer sector in Drug Research Institute. We prepared “Ibumon” suspention by Nurofen suspension’s drug registration according to the physical characteristics of materials. The appearance and suryp’s physical and chemical method determined by in the Mongolian national pharmacopeia. The microbial limit test in the Mongolian National Pharmacopeia was performed to determine microbial purity. Suspension’s Ibufrofen content determined by HPLC equipment . Result: “Ibuprofen” suspension pharmaceutical technology research as effective ingredients have been determined. And the suspension active ingredient quantitative analysis determined by HPLC.
5. “АЛЛЕРГОН5 МГ” ШАХМАЛ ЭМИЙН ТЕХНОЛОГИЙН СУДАЛГАА
Б.Одчимэг ; Б.Бадамцэцэг ; Л.Хүрэлбаатар
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014;4(1):37-39
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) according respiratory allergic diseases, nasal mucosal disease , which is one factor to create asthma and more than 300 million people become infected is accured in 2012[1]. In 2012, acconding to statistics of the Ministry of Health for our country was noted of 5% of the total population of the allergic disease and astma.Also In 2000, the prevalence of astma among the population was 2.4%, but in 2010 increased by 4.8%. Accordingly , the prevalence of the disease is increasing year by year, that’s why the imported new drug’s of diseases in the market and the need to produce domestically. Domestic market, we used allergic rhinitis, mucosal inflammatory treatment cholorphenamine 4 mg (Monos Industry LLC), Tavegil (Novartis Russia ), ketotifen (So pharma, Bulgaria), letizine 10 mg (KRKa, Slovani), Cetirizine 10 mg (Bertecs pharma, Russian). Letizine 10 mg, Cetirizine 10 mg drugs are contain of Ceterizine dicholoride, widely used in the treatment of foreign drug. Divided in the medical treatment of children aged 2-6 years , these drugs are expected to give a child , so we import the drug entering the appropriate doses of the company with the goal to obtain. For that purpose we determination allergon tablet’s technological process. Conclusion: Technological experiment “Alergon 5 mg ” tablets were selected ingredients of ceterizine dihydrocholoride 0.005 g, glucose monohydrate 0.09444 g, K-30 0.00006 g, magnesium stearat 0.0005 g. According to our study, ”Allergon 5 mg” tablets average weight, weigth range, disintegration, hardness, assay meets the standards set in the Mongolian National Pharmacopeia requirement of “Tablet drug ”.
6. НИЙЛМЭЛ НАЙРЛАГА БҮХИЙ УРГАМЛЫН ГАРАЛТАЙ БЭЛДМЭЛИЙН ЭЛЭГНИЙ ӨВЧЛӨЛД НӨЛӨӨЛӨХ ҮЙЛДЛИЙН СУДАЛГАА
Ж.Чулуунцэцэг ; Т.Даваасамбуу1 ; Ц.Чимгээ ; Б. Дэлгэрмаа ; Л. Лхагва1 ; Л. Хүрэлбаатар ; Ж.Сүхдолгор ; С. Бадамцэцэг
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014;4(1):20-26
Introduction: Achillea asiatiсa has been used in traditional medicine for one hundreds of years. Many compounds have been isolated from /Achillea asiatica/, including flavonoids, sesquiterpenes and essential oils. Salsola collina herb grows in Siberia, Baikal and Altai. It contains a variety of amino acids, flavonoids, glycosides, and vitamins. It has a positive effect on metabolism of fats in liver, regulates cholesterol and sugar in the blood and is recommended for weight reduction. Salsola collina is widely distributed in droughty and semi-droughty area, which is used as a kind of folk remedy in traditional Chinese and Mpngolian traditional medicine for treatment of hypertension and liver protectevity . Goal: The aim of study is to choose optimal extragent and determination liver protecting activity in Achillea asiatiсa, Salsola colina and to determine main substances in these herbals. Material and Methods: Achillea asiatiсa was collected from Dorgonot mountain Tuv province in June of 2012, Salsola colina were collected from Medicinal botanical garden of Drug Research Institute in August of 2012. Maceration was chosen by suitable extraction method and optimal extragent was ethanol. Flavonoids were determined in evaporated extract of Achillea asiatiсa, Salsola colina using the method by Mongolian National first Pharmacopeia. We use non line wistar rats, determination liver protecting activity biochemical analysis by Hospitex analyzer. Result: Liquid extracts were obtained from Achillea asiatiсa, Salsola colina with maceration method. Liquid extracts were evaporated on Vacuum rotor. The tehnological parameters of liquid extracts are the main important index to calculate the extragent correctly, to establish the material balance exactly, and to extract the process efficiently. 70% ethanol (1:10 sample/extragent) was determined by optimal extragent for Achillea asiatiсa, 80% ethanol (1:10) for Salsola colina. Achillea asiatiсa, Salsola colina were have liver protecting activity. Conclusion: Some technological parameters of liquid extract were determined such as optimal extragent and the effective extracting method of Achillea asiatiсa, Salsola colina. As the result of determining these parameters, it has much practical significant for establishing the technological condition to extract the biological activity compounds completely from their plants. Key words: Achillea asiatiсa, Salsola collina, technological pharameters, flavonoid, anthraquinons, liver protecting activity
7.A Basic Knowledge for Processing HPLC Data Analysis
А.Баянмөнх ; М.Уранчимэг ; Л.Лхагва ; Л.Хүрэлбаатар ; Монос групп ; Эм судлалын хүрээлэн ; Эрүүл мэндийн яам ; Эм эмнэлэгийн хэрэгслийн хэлтэс
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2016;9(2):69-74
"Introduction
A chromatographer always looks forward to
getting perfect shaped peaks for each and every
analysis but in reality peaks get distorted due to
numerous reasons. Distortions are frustrating but
if proper corrective steps are taken peak shape
distortions can be avoided. Peak purity can be
established by taking the ratio of two wavelengths
across the peaks of running samples or
standard. May, if the peak is pure, then the ratio
of wavelengths should be constant across the
peak. Otherwise, the peak is impure, then the ratio
between two wavelengths will change across
the peak as the spectral differences caused by
interfering peak change the signal ratio."
8. COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF
Ц.Чимгээ ; Т.Даваасамбуу ; Б.Хашчулуу ; Б.Нарангэрэл ; А.Баянмөнх ; Л.Лхагва ; Л.Хүрэлбаатар
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014;5(2):26-28
BACKGROUND: Fourteen species of the genus Iris L is grown in Mongolia. Iris L has been in traditional Mongolia medicine for treatment of urinary and kidney disease. We investigated three species of Iris L such as Iris Bunge /Iris Bungei Maxim/, Iris Tigrida /Iris Tigrida Bge / and Iris lactea /Iris Lactea Pall/ which contains rich amount of biological active substances[1,2]. Urine was collected at tubes during 4 hours, since given experimental and standard preparations orally and compared with control group. As experimental results, the urine levels of treatments groups increased 1.13 fold (Iris Bunge), 1.8 fold (Iris Tigrida), 1.04 fold (Iris Lacteal) and 1.15 fold (Standard or Nefromon) compared with control groups. These results indicated the Iris Tigrida has shown diuretic effect more than other species of Iris L.\Z TOOLS AND METHODS: Adult Balb/c mice, each in the weight range of 20-28g, were obtained from the Vivarium, Drug research institute. The animals divided into five groups of four animals each and kept in cages and housed under standard conditions of temperature, humidity and dark light cycle (12h-12h). Diuretic activity was determined by the following methods of Trendelenburg et al (1980). Before experiment, all the animals received priming dose of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (0.3 ml/20g) and the treated groups were given 0.1ml/20g extracts of Iris L. The standard groups were given 0.1 ml/20g of “Nefromon. Immediately after respective treatments the animals were placed in metabolic cages and urine was collected in a measuring cylinder till 4 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results are shown in the ethanol extract of the whole plant of Iris Tigrida Bge at a dose of 0.1ml/20g observed diuresis during the 4 hours of the test (Tigrida Bge 1.0±0.37 ml versus control 0.55±009 ml, whereas in case of standard Nefromon the volume was found to be 0.63±0.08 ml, p<0.05). As experimental Iris L, results, urine levels of treatments groups increased 1.04 fold (Iris Bunge), 1.8 fold (Iris Tigrida), 1.05 fold (Iris Lacteal) and 1.15 fold (Standard or Nefromon) compared with control groups. These result, indicated the Iris Tigrida has shown diuretic effect more than other species of Iris L. These results indicated the Iris Tigrida has shown diuretic effect more than other species of Iris L. KEY WORDS: Diuretic, medicinal plants, Trendelenburg methods, flavonoids
9. БӨӨРНИЙ ҮРЭВСЭЛ ЭМЧЛЭХ ҮЙЛДЭЛТЭЙ БЭЛДМЭЛИЙН ФАРМАКОЛОГИЙН СУДАЛГААНЫ ҮР ДҮНГЭЭС
Б.Мөнхдэлгэр1 ; Ц.Чимгээ2 ; Т.Даваасамбуу2 ; Б.Хашчулуу2 ; Л.Лхагва2 ; Л.Хүрэлбаатар3 ; Б.Нарангэрэл2
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014;4(1):4-7
Introduction: Number of kidney acute and chronic disease is increasing rapidly in the world and becoming the major cause of death even population employment capacity is invalid. Statistical report of Mongolian Ministry of Health last 5 years statistic kidney disease is in the 3rd of non contagious disease.Synthetic and chemical medicines used for this sort of disease would have side effects in some cases. Plants, animals and minerals biologically active substances, side effects need to produce new drugs, has attracted the attention of researchers. Goal: identifying pharmacology act of new granule medicine preparation. Materials and Ìethods: Experiment is on 4 kinds of 35 white rat, 150-280 gram WISTAR RAT. 5 rats from each kind. 1. Healthy group 2. Disease model group /Kanamycin+distilled water/ 3. Standard group / Kanamycin+nefromon/ 4. Experiment group / Kanamycin+ +new form of granule medicine/ Kidney disease model was created artificially kanamycin sulfate (Monodoev. A.J, Lameza.S.B, Bartonov. EA 1988) MDA is identified by an amount of concentration and method. (Stalinaya.I.D 1977) Result: Creatinine amount of disease model group of kidney illness created by kanamycin sulfate is compared with healthy group animals and 1.64 times, carbamide amount is 4.25 times, rest of the azotes 2.73 are increased and comparing the experiment group creatinine amount is 1.65 creatinine amount is 1.65 decreased comparing with disease model group. Conclution: When compound ingredients preparation creates experiment animal kanamycin sulfate oxidant dominates, intensify the kidney cell active, decrease the carbamide and creatinine and decrease the kidney cell necrosis. Key words: Kanamycin, Wistar rate, Iris Tenuifolia, Oxytropsis pseudoglandulosa, Ribes Diacanthum and Granule.
10. ӨНДӨР ЗООСОН ЦЭЦЭГ, ШИНЭСЭРХҮҮ БУДАРГАНА УРГАМЛЫН НИЙЛМЭЛ ХАНДНЫ СЕСКВИТЕРПЕНИЙ ЛАКТОНЫГ HPLC-ИЙН АРГААР ТОДОРХОЙЛСОН ДҮН
Цэрэндолгор Б. ; Цэцэгмаа С. ; Хүрэлбаатар Л. ; Чойжамц Г.
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014;4(1):32-36
Abstract: In this article, we report a study of assay of sesquiterpene lactones (alantolactone, isoalantolactone) in plant extraction derived by ultrasound-assisted extraction, оrthogonal test design and reflux extraction from medicinal plant’s composition (Salsola laricifolia turcz.e litv+Inula helenium). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for determination of the contents of alantolactone and isoalantolactone in the investigated extracts. The result shown that the amount of alantolactone was 0.64±0.03%, and isoalantolactone 0.59±0.01% in the plant extraction derived by reflux condensation extraction. Key words: Alantolactone, Isoalantolactone, HPLC, Salsola laricifolia turcz.ex litv, Inula helenium, Reflux method, Ultrasound- assisted extraction.