more likely to have H.pylori infection than those without digestive symptoms.Conclusions The total infection rate of H.pylori in Chinese children and adolescents is 29% and there is significant difference in geographical distribution. The infection rate of H.pylori in the higher incidence area of gastric cancer is 2.8 times higher than that in the low incidence area of gastric cancer. However,high quality epidemiological investigation with large sample size is needed,in order to further clarify the details of H.pylori infection in children and adolescents in China.

免疫检查点为T细胞提供抑制信号，造成肿瘤细胞免疫逃，为肿瘤治疗提供了全新的理念。程序性死亡受体（programmed cell death-1，PD-1） /程序性死亡受体配体-1（programmed death legend 1，PD-L1）成为最具发展前景的靶点,PD-1/PD-L1 抗体在治疗黑色素瘤和非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中表现出显著的抗瘤效应和良好的安全性。在进展期胃癌患者外周血以及癌组 织中PD-L1均高表达，与多种病理特征存在一定正相关，往往是患者不良预后的预测指标。相关临床试验表明，应用PD-1/PD-L1 抗体可使胃癌或胃食管交界癌患者受益，且无不可耐受副反应发生。而多种因素均与PD-1/PD-L1表达相关，若调节这些因素的 药物与PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合应用，将有可能进一步提高胃癌的疗效。