1.A review of spatial epidemiology with malaria surveillance and control in China
xin Jin ZHENG ; 江南大学公共卫生研究中心 ; Lu LIU ; Yun FENG ; jing Guo YANG
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2017;29(5):651-655
The monitoring and control of malaria depends largely on the spatial analysis technology and mathematical models. Visualization of malaria situation is the most popular way to present how malaria transmits. In this paper ,the malaria epidemic situation and the application of spatial epidemiology of malaria in China are summarized,so as to provide the systematic epidemi-ological information for malaria elimination in China.
2.Role of Rho GTPases in the immune regulation of infection and inflamma-tion
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2017;29(6):807-813
The Rho subfamily of GTPase belongs to the Ras superfamily of small GTP binding protein,it is a nucleotide de-pendent protein,which plays a"molecular switch"function in the signal transduction process and control of numerous signaling pathways. Rho protein has many biological effects on cytoskeleton or target proteins as a signal converter in signal transduction , such as the regulation of membrane transport function,cell migration,cell adhesion,and cell proliferation. It also plays a very important role in the infection and immune inflammation of the body. Rho protein is widely distributed in related immune cells , such as T cells,B cells,NK cells and so on. When the body is infected by microorganism,the immune inflammatory reaction will be regulated through a series of signal transduction mechanism,and Rho GTPases signal transduction mechanism is one of the important signal pathways. In this paper,we conclude that Rho GTPases how to regulate the body's immune response through its signal pathway,and ultimately affect the body's immune response.
3.Rapid determination of iodine in whole blood by direct alkali dilution ICP-MS
Yuanhua MENG ; Yan GONG ; Zhifei XU ; Yanli GU ; Wenwei LIU ; Xia LING
Chinese Journal of Endemiology 2020;39(8):606-609
Objective:To establish a method for rapid determination of iodine in whole blood by direct alkali dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Methods:Totally 0.50 ml whole blood sample was collected, and 2% ammonia and 0.01% Triton X-100 solution were added to constitute a total volume of 10.0 ml. After shaking to uniformity, 1.0 μg/ml rhodium and 20% isopropanol were used as on-line internal standard solution. The flow ratio of internal standard solution to the solution to be measured was 1∶16. The sample was quantitatively determined by ICP-MS. The linear range, limit of detection (LOD), accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated.Results:Iodine in whole blood could be determined and had a good linear relationship within the range of 0-200 μg/L, with correlation coefficient ( r) > 0.999. The LOD of the method was 0.1 μg/L, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.3 μg/L, the recovery rate of iodine in whole blood was 88.5%-106.1%, and the relative standard deviation was 2.2%-4.7% ( n=7). Conclusions:A method for rapid determination of iodine in whole blood by direct alkali dilution ICP-MS is successfully established. This method is accurate, simple, rapid, and highly automatic, and it can be widely applied in determination of iodine in whole blood.
4.Preliminary research on prokaryotic expression and immune protection of triosephosphate isomerase of Toxoplasma gondii
Shuang SHEN ; 上海交通大学附属第六人民医院 ; 江南大学公共卫生研究中心 ; ren Xu YIN ; jun Li SONG ; Jie WANG ; dan Xue KE ; Wei ZHOU ; xin Chuan YU
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2017;29(6):780-783
Objective To study the prokaryotic expression and immune protection of triosephosphate isomerase(TPI)of Toxoplasma gondii in mice. Methods Total RNA was extracted from toxoplasma tachyzoites,and TPI fragment was amplified by PCR and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+). The target protein was induced with IPTG and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The mice were immunized 4 times by emulsified TPI with adjuvant,and the last time was the strengthen immunization. At the same time,an adjuvant group and a normal group were set as controls. The blood samples were got from the tail vein of the mice,and the serum antibody titres were detected. All the mice were challenged with 400 toxo-plasma tachyzoites to observe the survival time. Results The TPI gene was amplified from T. gondii cDNA by PCR. The recom-binant vector TPI/pET-28a(+)was usefully constructed,and the TPI protein was expressed and purified. The serum antibody ti-tre could be more than 100 thousand. After infected with toxoplasma tachyzoites,the survival time of the mice in the experimen-tal group was longer than that of the mice in the control groups. Conclusion The TPI protein of T. gondii could trigger the im-munoprotection against T. gondii challenge in the mice.
5.Epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 2011-2013
Hui WU ; Jianyue WANG ; Zhendong TONG ; An TANG ; Feilin REN ; Ling YE ; Chengwei WANG
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2014;35(12):1371-1374
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever cases,with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Zhoushan,Zhejiang,2011-2013 and to provide evidence for the development of related strategies for prevention and control of the disease.Methods Data was collected from the studies and related demography of the cases with SFTS in Zhoushan,2011-2013.Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the cases with SFTS were analyzed descriptively.Results During 2011-2013,45 SFTS cases were reported in Zhoushan city,with fatality rate as 11.11% (5/45),including 41 cases (91.11%) reported in Daishan county.Most cases aged 50 or over,residing in hilly regions (93.33%).The epidemic peak was seen from May to July (84.44%).Incidence rates of the disease did not show significant statistical differences between males and females.Most cases were farmers (42.22%) and housewives (31.11%).Most patients complained of fever (97.78%),anorexia (91.11%),fatigue (62.22%),chill (44.44%) and other non-specific clinical manifestations but all appeared progressive thrombocytopenia and leucopenia.Sanitation condition of the patients was generally poor.68.89% (31/45) of cases had farmed,mowed or involved in other outdoor activities in the previous two weeks,with some of them reported having exposed to tick bites.Three events were reported,epidemiologically.Conclusion SFTS in Zhoushan was a infectious disease with natural foci and caused by SFTSV.Ticks might serve as the main vectors for SFTSV,and might cause direct transmission between humans.Improving the environment for living and carrying out essential protective measures in outdoor activities seemed to be significant in decreasing the incidence rate of the disease.
6.Analysis of effect of prevention and control technique training of human im-portant parasitic diseases in Jiangsu Province in 2017
xian Bi NI ; zhen Xiang XU ; ting Xiao WANG ; xue Ming SHENG ; Yang DAI ; lin Xiao JIN
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2017;29(5):644-646,650
Objective To evaluate the effect of the prevention and control technique training of human important parasitic diseases for basic professional and technical personnel in Jiangsu Province in 2017. Methods A workshop including theory courses and practical operations was carried out for the basic professional and technical personnel. At the end of the workshop , the effects were evaluated through the theoretical and microscopic examinations. Results There were 132 trainees from 13 cit-ies,and all of them took part in the final examinations. The average score of total was 118.36. There were significant differences among different regions(χ2 =13.38,P<0.01). The pass rate of the theory test was 92.4%with the average score of 79.05. There were significant differences of theory scores among different regions(χ2=14.51,P<0.01). The theory score of Northern Jiangsu Province was significantly higher than the scores of Southern and Central Jiangsu Province(P<0.001,P=0.009). The pass rate of microscopic examinations was 89.4%with the average score of 39.32. There was no significant difference of micro-scopic examination scores among different regions(F=2.37,P=0.09). Among the total 7 species,the detection rate of Para-gonimus westermani was the highest(75%)and the rates of Schistosoma japonicum and Fasciolopsis buski were only 51.5%and 54.5%respectively. The detection rates of eggs of Trichuris trichiura,unfertilized Ascaris lumbricoides,Clonorchis sinensis and Taenia solium were 71.2%,65.9%,72.7%and 72.0%respectively. Conclusions The training course has promoted the capa-bility of prevention and control of parasitic diseases for basic technical personnel. Also it provides the technical supports for para-sitic disease monitoring,control and risk assessment in the next step.
7.Studies on resistance of Schistosoma to praziquantel(ⅩⅦ) Biological characteris- tics of praziquantel-resistant isolates of Schistosoma japonicum in mice
Ke QIAN ; 江西省南昌市疾病预防控制中心 ; sheng You LIANG ; Wei WANG ; li Guo QU ; jun Hong LI ; kun Zhen YANG ; yang Zheng ZHAO ; tian Yun XING ; rong Jian DAI
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2017;29(6):683-688
Objective To investigate the biological characteristics of the praziquantel-resistant isolate of Schistosoma japoni-cum in mice,so as to explore the pathogenicity to definitive hosts and transmission intensity of the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum. Methods Mice were infected with the cercariae released from two praziquantel-resistant isolates and two pra-ziquantel-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum. The mouse-Oncomelania hupensis snail-mouse cycle was established and main- tained in the laboratory. The prepatent period of parasite eggs,egg production,egg distribution in mice,parasite susceptibility to mice and egg size were investigated in each parasite isolate. Results The prepatent period of parasite eggs,egg counts in mouse feces,adult worms recovered from each mouse,egg counts in mouse tissues,egg counts in the mouse liver,and egg counts in intestine tissues were 36.1 d and 36.8 d ( t=0.907, P=0.372 ) , 14.6 / 100 mg and 21.2 / 100 mg (t=2.946, P=0.007),20.5 and 25.1 worms per mouse(t=2.128, P=0.042),31303 and 38594 per paired adult worm(t=2.185, P=0.04),14810 and 19715 per paired adult worm(t=2.934, P=0.007),and 16493 and 18879 per paired adult worm(t=1.044, P=0.309)in the mice infected with Jiangsu praziquantel-susceptible and-resistant isolates of S. japonicum, respectively,and there were no significant differences between Jiangsu praziquantel-susceptible and-resistant isolates of S. ja-ponicum in the length of paired adult worms(t=0.328, P=0.744),female adult worms(t=0.386, P=0.701)or male adult worms(t=0.332, P=0.741). The prepatent period of parasite eggs,egg counts in mouse feces,adult worms recovered from each mouse,egg counts in mouse tissues,egg counts in the mouse liver,and egg counts in intestine tissues were 35.5 d and 35.6 d(t=0.169, P=0.867),13.3/100 mg and 18.9/100 mg(t=3.622, P=0.001),17.6 and 25.1 worms per mouse(t=3.153, P=0.004),30932 and 53903 per paired adult worm(t=3.865, P=0.001),12307 and 26363 per paired adult worm (t=4.388, P<0.01),and 18625 and 27541 per paired adult worm(t=2.679, P=0.012)in the mice infected with Hunan praziquantel-susceptible and-resistant isolates of S. japonicum,respectively,and there were no significant differences between Hunan praziquantel - susceptible and - resistant isolates of S. japonicum in the length of paired adult worms (t=0.853, P=0.397),female adult worms(t=0.573, P=0.569)or male adult worms(t=0.742, P=0.461). Conclusions The praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum has a higher parasite egg production and more eggs deposited in the mouse liver than drug-susceptible isolate,suggesting that the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum exhibits a greater pathogenicity to definitive hosts. In addition,more parasite eggs are detected in the feces of mice infected with the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum relative to the drug-susceptible isolate,indicating that the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum exhibits a greater transmissibility than the drug-susceptible isolate.
8.Studies on resistance of Schistosoma to praziquantel (ⅩⅥ)Biological characteris- tics of praziquantel-resistant isolates of Schistomoma japonicum in Oncomelania hupensis snails
Ke QIAN ; 江西省南昌市疾病预防控制中心 ; sheng You LIANG ; Wei WANG ; li Guo QU ; jun Hong LI ; kun Zhen YANG ; yang Zheng ZHAO ; tian Yun XING ; rong Jian DAI
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 2017;29(6):678-682
Objective To investigate the difference of biological characteristics between the praziquantel-resistant and-sus-ceptible isolates of Schistosoma japonicum in intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis snails. Methods Mice were infected with cercariae of praziquantel-resistant and-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum,and the parasite eggs were collected 37 days post-in-fection to hatch miracidium. Then,the snails were infected with the miracidium of each parasite isolate. The snail infection,sur-vival rate of infected snails,prepatent period of cercariae,and the total number of cercariae shed from each infected snail were observed and compared between the praziquantel-resistant and-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum. Results If each snail was exposed to a single miracidium,there were significant differences between the praziquantel-resistant and-susceptible Jiangsu isolates in the snail infection(8.99%vs. 19.74%;χ2=3.948,P=0.047)and the number of cercaria released from a single snail (1460.2 vs. 1039.3;t=2.507,P=0.02),and there were significant differences between the praziquantel-susceptible and-re-sistant Hunan isolates in the snail infection(10.00%vs. 21.52%;χ2=3.980,P=0.046)and the number of cercaria released from a single snail(1319.4 vs. 1003.5;t=2.566,P=0.017). However,there were no significant differences between the pra-ziquantel-resistant and-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum in the prepatent period of cercariae and the survival rate of infected snails(P>0.05). Conclusion The praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum has a higher susceptibility to O. hupensis but less cercaria released from each infected snail than the susceptible isolate.