Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation and Kirschner wire fixation in the treatment of children with supracondylar fracture of humerus. Methods 88 children with supracondylar fracture of humerus in our hospital were randomly selected. And they were divided into closed group ( n =44 ) and open group ( n =44 ) by taking computer random sequence method. The closed group was treated with closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation,the open group was treated with Kirschner wire fixation. The treatment effect and safety of the two groups were compared. Results The operation time [(59.47 ±12.23)min],hospitalization time [(3.46 ±1.44) d],fracture healing time[(32.46 ±7.41)d] of the closed group were significantly shorter than those of the open group (t=5. 238,5. 395,7. 841,all P<0. 05). The amount of bleeding[(15.48 ±8.48)mL] of the closed group was significantly less than that of the open group (t=4. 867,P<0. 05). The effective rate of the closed group (90. 91%) was significantly better than the open group (χ2 =5. 096,P<0. 05). The incidence rate of complication between the two groups had no significant difference (6. 82%vs. 9. 09%,χ2 =0. 155,P>0. 05). Conclusion Compared with open reduction and Kirschner wire internal fixation, closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation in the treatment of children with supracondylar fracture of humerus has significant curative effect,it is safe and reliable,which is worthy of promotion in clinic.

Objective:To investigate the effects of atorvastatin combined with alendronate in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with osteoporosis (OP) on bone metabolism, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) , interleukin 6 (IL-6) , and 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25- (OH) D] level.Methods:A total of 152 patients with T2DM and OP who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from Jul. 2017 to Jul. 2020 were selected. According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into control group (73 cases with alendronate treatment) and study group (79 cases receiving atova Statins combined with alendronate sodium treatment) . The two groups were compared in terms of bone metabolism indexes, bone mineral density, changes in serum TNF-α, IL-6, 25- (OH) D levels, and adverse reactions before and after treatment.Results:After treatment, osteocalcin (BGP) , bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) , lumbar spine L1-4 bone mineral density, femoral neck bone mineral density, and 25- (OH) D of the two groups increased ( P< 0.001) , and the study group was significantly higher than the control group (BGP: 7.68±0.89 vs 6.88±0.93; BAP: 18.62±3.97 vs 16.82±3.24; lumbar spine L1-4: 0.95±0.08 vs 0.92±0.05; femoral neck: 0.79±0.07 vs 0.75±0.06; 25- (OH) D: 31.35±10.1 vs 26.54±7.14; all P<0.05) . After treatment, the serum type I collagen C-terminal peptide (s-CTX) , human tartrate acid phosphatase (TRAP-5b) , TNF-α, IL-6 were decreased for both groups ( P<0.001) , and they were significantly lower in the study group than those in the control group (s-CTX:0.37±0.12 vs 0.55±0.12; TRAP-5b: 2.43±0.66 vs 2.99±0.75; TNF-α: 9.93±1.91 vs 11.77±2.69; IL-6: 10.65±1.26 vs 12.91±1.21; all P<0.001) . The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (16.46% vs 39.73%, P=0.001) . Conclusion:Atorvastatin combined with alendronate in the treatment of T2DM patients with OP can effectively increase 25- (OH) D levels, reduce inflammation, and promote bone metabolism and bone density.

Objective To analyze the effect of the fracture healing by using selective sensory radicotomy before and after the ganglion.Methods From September,2014 to August,2015,120 rats were averagely divided into 3 groups,which was the sham operate group(SO),the anterior injury of ganglion rhizotomy group (AGR) and the posterior injury of ganglion rhizotomy group (PGR).Tibial transverse fracture was performed on right or left randomly and the fracture was fixed with intramedullary.In coordination with the fractured-side,the selective radicotomy from L4 to L6 was made.The mRNA level of collagen-Ⅰ and collagen-Ⅱ in bony callus was quantified at 3,7 days and 2 weeks after the operation by RT-PCR(n=5).The histological examination,X-ray,biomechanical testing were performed at 4 and 8 weeks.The quantitative data of iconography and biomechanics was acquired by using the relative ration which resulted from fractured-side data dividing the unfractured-side one for every pair tibia in same rat.Results At 3 days after surgery,the mRNA of collagen-Ⅰ were 81.3±11.1,37.5±8.2 and 24.7±9.2,the mRNA of collagen-Ⅱ were 2.4±0.5,2.1±1.0 and 2.9±1.2 in SO,AGR and PGR group respectively;At 7 days after surgery,the mRNA of collagen-Ⅰ were 17.9±5.8,7.2±1.8 and 6.7±2.4,the mRNA of collagen-Ⅱ were 12.5±3.4,2.8±1.3 and 1.2±0.4 in SO,AGR and PGR group respectively.The SO group had significantly upregulation of collagen-Ⅰ and collagen-Ⅱ mRNA compared with the AGR and PGR groups at 3 days and 7 days respectively after surgery(P＜0.05).There was a significant difference of the collagen-Ⅱ between AGR group (2.8±1.3) and PGR group (1.2±0.4) at 7 days after injury(P＜ 0.05).The fracture bony callus in PGR group was a significantly larger and less ossified than that in the AGR group.The mechanical load of fracture in SO group was larger than that of the other 2 groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Sensory denervation negatively affects fracture-healing.The ganglion of sensory nerve plays an important role in bone fracture healing and normal innervation is essential for the fracture repair.

Unilateral biportal endoscopic surgery, micro-endoscopic discectomy, micro-endoscopic laminoplasty, and Destandau mobile endoscopic discectomy have been described as four major techniques in the field of endoscopic spine surgeries. Compared with the coaxial endoscopy, the unilateral biportal endoscopic surgery is characterized by separated channels for observation and operation, making operative procedures more flexible, vision field wider, and requirements for surgical instruments less demanding. Although the anatomical basis of its surgical approach is similar to that of micro-endoscopic spine surgery, this technique can significantly reduce the injury to the paravertebral muscle and protect the stability of the surgical segment of the spine, leading to quick and wide applications in the clinical treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases with good clinical efficacy. The present article reviews this surgical technique from the aspects of technological development, anatomical basis, clinical application, complications, and prospects.

Objective To identify the risk factors for the fractures secondary to percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Methods A comprehensive search was conducted for the studies from January 2006 to September 2016 on the risk factors for secondary fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty in the Cochrane Library,PubMed Data,CNKI,Chinese Biomedical Database,Wanfang Data and manually as well.After retrieval of the eligible data,software Revman5.0 was used to perform the heterogeneity test and calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR),weighted mean difference(WMD) value and 95％ confidence interval (CI).Results Twenty studies involving 3,602 patients,627 of whom had fracture secondary to the surgery,were included in this meta-analysis.Meta-analyses showed the secondary fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture was related to bone mineral density [WMD =-0.66,95％ CI (-0.97,-0.36),P ＜ 0.05] and kyphosis after primary operation [WMD =4.51,95％ CI (3.02,6.00),P ＜ 0.05],but not to gender [OR =0.98,95％ CI (0.77,1.25),P＞ 0.05],age [WMD=1.48,95％CI (-0.13,3.09),P＞ 0.05],body mass index [WMD=-0.76,95％ CI(-1.61,0.08),P＞ 0.05],cement volume [WMD=-0.15,95％CI (-0.60,0.30),P＞0.05],intradiscal cement [0R=1.11,95％CI (0.56,2.22),P＞0.05],number of vertebrae primarily treated [OR=0.74,95％ CI (0.09,6.45),P ＞ 0.05],thoracolumbar spine [OR =0.86,95％ CI (0.63,1.18),-P ＞ 0.05],or cement injection approach [OR =1.58,95％ CI (0.74,3.37),P ＞ 0.05].Conclusions Bone mineral density and kyphosis after primary operation may be the risk factors closely correlative to the secondary fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty.There has not been enough evidence to support the associations between the secondary fracture and gender,age,body mass index,cement volume,intradiscal cement,number of vertebrae primarily treated,thoracolumbar spine,or cement injection approach.

Objective To study the association between the expression of periostin and the occurrence and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in synovial fluid.Methods The expression level of periostin in the synovial fluid of healthy people and patients with different stages of OA was tested.Furthermore,60 surgical-induced OA rat model were divided into two groups,the sham operation group had only implemented slit suture,and the OA model group had one side anterior cruciate ligament transected.The expression of periostin in intra-articular injection samples were analyzed at 1,2,4,8,12 week.Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) were performed after surgery at 4,8,12 week on the surgery knee.Gross morphologic lesions on the tibial plateau in rats were visualized by India ink staining,toluidine blue staining,cartilage permeation test.The synovium were visualized by HE staining and periostin were detected by immunohistoc hemistry.The measurement data were compared by one factor analysis of variance test.Results The expression of periostin in cartilage was lower in late-stage OA than the one from normal and early-stage OA (F=13.95,P＜0.01).The FMT showed that there was no obvious change in the extent of chronic inflammation in the sham operation group,and the chronic inflammatory degree of the OA model group gradually increased as time went on.Toluidine blue staining and cartilage permeation test showed that the cartilage degeneration in rat model of OA became more and more serious with time.There was no stastically significant difference of the periostin in control groutp at different time stage (F=0.67,P=0.53).The periostin in the intra-articular increased at first and then decreased with the development of OA (F=11.0,P＜0.05).HE staining of synovial tissue showed that the degree of synovial hyperplasia was consistent with the degree of degeneration of joints.With the extension of time,the expression of periostin in synovial tissue increased gradually.Conclusion The expression of periostin in human synovial fluid is low in normal knee joint,increases in early and middle stages,and decreases in late stage.The rat model indicates that the expression of periostin increases first and then decreases with the development of OA,but the expression in synovium increases gradually with the development of OA.The increased expression of periostin in synovial fluid may serve as an early diagnostic marker for OA and downregulation of the periostin may be a start marker for the late OA.

Objective To investigate the effect of POSTN protein on the proliferation of chondrocytes of tibial plateau in old rats.Methods Cartilage cells collected from the tibial plateau of old rats were cultured in vitro to the third generation.Then the cells were divided into 3 groups:POSTN group,PBS group and POSTN antibody group.The proliferations of the three groups at 24 h,48 h and 72 h were determined by EDU method.The expression of Notch1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in all groups at the same time.Female 20-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:POSTN protein injection group,Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) injection group and POSTN antibody injection group.Twelve weeks after the operation,related reagents were injected 3 times consecutively at day 1,day 3,day 5 and EDU was injected into joints at day 1.At 2 weeks after injection,the rats were killed and the knee tibial plateau was taken to observe the proliferation of the cartilage cells.Results At 24 h,there were differences between the three groups O(F=27.32,P=0.017).The proliferation rates of POSTN group [(23±8)％] and PBS group [(21±10)％] were higher than that of POSTN antibody group (16±5)(P=0.003,P=0.011).At 48 h,there were differences between the three groups (F=35.34,P＜0.01).The proliferation rate of POSTN group [(36±11)％] was higher than that of the other groups [(22±6)％],(18±6)％(P=0.021,P＜0.01).At 72h,there were differences between the three groups (F=52.62,P=0.000).The proliferation rate of POSTN group [(56±17)％] was the highest one,the proliferation rate of PBS group [(31±8)％] was the medium,and the POSTN antibody group [(26±7)％] was the lowest one (all P＜0.05).As for Notch1 protein expression in chondrocytes,there were differences between the three groups (F=26.72,P＜0.01).The Notch1 protein was the most frequently expressed in POSTN protein-injection group and the least in the anti-POSTN group.In rats,the proliferation rate of the chondrocytes in the medial tibia plateau of the knee of POSTN protein injection group [(36±14)％],which was the highest,and that of the POSTN antibody injection group [(10 ±4)％] was the lowest (all P＜0.05).Conclusion POSTN protein can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes knee OA rats.POSTN antibody injection has been shown to induce the proliferation of chondrocytes.The POSTN protein may promote the proliferation of chondrocytes by activating the Notch signaling pathway.

Objective To observe the expression of parathyroid hormone - related peptide (PTHrp) receptor in tibial growth plate and its effects on tibial extension in chronic renal insufficiency rats. Methods Two-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group and enalapril group, each with 20 rats. In model group and enalapril group rats had chronic renal insufficiency induced by left ureteral obstruction, and rats were respectively given saline and enalapril by gavage after the operation. In sham group, left ureter was only exposed without ligation, and rats were given saline. The urine was collected 4 weeks after the operation and the total protein content was measured. Then all rats were killed. The concentrations of PTHrp, creatinine and urea nitrogen in intracardiac blood were detected. HE staining and Masson staining were performed on the left kidney to observe pathological changes of glomeruli and renal tubules. The total length of bilateral tibia was measured. The number of columnar cells in the growth plate proliferative zone was measured by safranin O staining and the expression of PTHrp receptor in the growth plate was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The 24 h urine total protein, creatinine and urea nitrogen in model group were higher than those in sham group (all P＜0.05), while these 3 renal functional parameters in enalapril group were lower than those in model group (all P＜0.05). In model group and enalapril group rats had higher blood concentrations of PTHrp than that in sham group (all P＜0.05), but blood PTHrp in enalapril group was lower than that in model group (P＜0.05). HE staining and Masson staining showed that in the model group rats had severe tubular dilation, inflammatory cell infiltration and the tissue fibrosis, while in enalapril group renal tubules slightly dilated and had a few inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue fibrosis. Compared with those in the sham group, in model group the tibia length, the chondrocyte number of column structure in the growth plate proliferative zone and the PTHrp receptor decreased (all P＜0.05). But in enalapril group those indexes increased than model group (all P＜0.05). Conclusions Chronic renal insufficiency rats had increased PTHrp concentration in the blood but decreased PTHrp receptors expression in tibial growth plate, which lead to their limited tibial extension.

The spinal cord, encompassed by the dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater, dentate ligament, and cerebrospinal fluid, consists of both gray and white matter. This study delves into the biomechanical properties of the spinal cord and its adjacent structures, revealing its nature as a nonlinear viscoelastic medium. Notably, both gray and white matter exhibit hyperelastic characteristics, displaying distinct mechanical responses during uniaxial tensile and mechanical compression experiments. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the human spinal cord does not maintain uniform length, while the dura mater exhibits pronounced anisotropy, with its elastic modulus gradually decreasing from the cervical to the lumbar region. While research on the biomechanical behavior of the arachnoid membrane is limited, its potential to enhance predictive accuracy in spinal finite element models is evident. Unfortunately, there is a lack of documented studies exploring the biomechanics of the human pia mater. Crucially, the spinal cord is immersed in cerebrospinal fluid, which acts as a cushion against spinal cord vibrations. Therefore, the significance of cerebrospinal fluid should not be underestimated in examining the biomechanical dynamics of the spinal cord, as changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure correspondingly affect spinal cord stress levels. Additionally, the strength of the dentate ligament decreases progressively from superior to inferior regions. Due to the inherent softness of spinal cord tissue, it often undergoes complex mechanical alterations such as stretching, compression, and torsion when subjected to injury. Various measurement techniques, including magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), atomic force microscopy, microindentation, and myelography, are employed for spinal cord assessment. MRE, in particular, offers distinct advantages in scrutinizing spinal cord morphology. Accurately quantifying the mechanical parameters of spinal cord deformation injuries remains a challenge. Advanced imaging technologies are employed to monitor the dynamic pathological transformations of the spinal cord, providing valuable insights for clinical prevention and treatment strategies. Finite element analysis plays a pivotal role in the study of spinal cord injuries. However, existing modeling methodologies often oversimplify the spinal cord, portraying it as a homogenous material. Further experimental validation is required to confirm its accuracy. An exhaustive exploration of spinal cord biomechanics and measurement techniques is essential to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying spinal cord injuries. This knowledge can serve as crucial theoretical guidance and support for the treatment and prevention of such injuries.

Objective To evaluate the factors related to contralateral hip fracture in the elderly patients with hip fracture by meta analysis.Methods Pubmed,Cochrane,CBMdisc,CNKI Chinese Journal Full Text Database and Wan Fang Database were searched for publications at home and abroad from January 2005 to April 2018 on factors related to contralateral hip fracture after hip fractures in the elderly.The publication quality was strictly evaluated before the data were extracted concerning gender and age(＞ 65years) of the patients,concomitant osteoporosis (Singh sign ≥ 4),primary fracture type,concomitant Parkinson disease,concomitant stroke,concomitant senile dementia,concomitant cataract,concomitant rheumatoid arthritis,concomitant diabetes,type of internal fixation for primary fracture and therapeutic compliance.Revman5.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis and the OR value and 95％ CI were calculated fore each index.Results A total of 17 studies were included involving 1,504 patients with contralateral hip fracture among 13,717 elderly patients with hip fracture.The factors related to the refracture of the contralateral hip were the age of the patients (OR ＝-3.55,95％ CI:-5.60 ～-1.50,P ＜ 0.001),osteoporosis (OR=2.38,95％CI:1.36～4.17,P=0.002),Parkinson disease (OR=4.54,95％CI:2.74～7.53,P ＜0.001),stroke (OR=0.33,95％ C I:0.18～0.59,P ＜ 0.001),senile dementia (OR=0.43,95％CI:0.29～0.62,P ＜0.001),cataract (OR=0.37,95％CI:0.22～0.63,P ＜0.001),rheumatoid arthritis (OR =0.32,95％ CI:0.21 ～ 0.50,P ＜ 0.001),diabetes (OR =0.65,95％ CI:0.47～0.91,P=0.01),type of internal fixation for primary fracture (OR=0.51,95％ CI:0.30 ～ 0.85,P =0.01),and therapeutic compliance (OR =0.36,95％ CI:0.21 ～ 0.64,P ＜ 0.001).However,the refracture of the contralateral hip was not related to gender (OR =1.07,95％ CI:0.45 ～2.56,P=0.88),smoking (OR=0.86,95％CI:0.40～1.86,P=0.70),fracture type (OR=0.97,95％ CI:0.60～1.57,P=0.90),or hypertension (OR=0.70,95％ C I:0.41～1.21,P=0.20).Conclusions In elderly patients with hip fracture,the risks for contralateral hip fracture may be advanced age,concomitant osteoporosis,Parkinson disease,stroke,senile dementia,cataract,rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes,type of internal fixation for primary fracture,and poor therapeutic compliance.However,no sufficient evidence has suggested that gender,smoking,type of hip fracture or concomitant hypertension might be associated with the contralateral hip fracture.