Cardiovascular diseases are now the leading cause of serious harms to human health,have drawn widespread attention both domestically and internationally. But the current research on mechanism of cardiovascular diseases is not keeping up with the current status of their treatment. The microbiota in the gut,the largest microecological system in the human body and its interaction with the human host have been implicated in a variety of diseases. The relationship between gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases has been increasingly understood in recent years. The changes of gut microbiota and its metabolites are the major contributing factor for the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases,therefore,correction of gut microbiota dysbiosis may provide a novel therapeutic alternative for cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in cardiovascular diseases,aiming to provide reference for future related studies.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) for patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma,not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS).Methods The clinical data of 69 patients with PTCL-NOS treated in Tianjin Union Medical Center from January 2008 to January 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.The relationship between different levels of ALC and clinical characteristics,therapeutic efficacy and prognosis was analyzed.Results Among 69 patients,23 cases (33.3％) had low ALC (＜1.0×109/L),and 46 cases (66.7％) had high ALC (≥ 1.0×109/L).Compared with the high ALC group,the low ALC group showed the higher International Prognostic Index (IPI) and PTCL-NOS Prognostic Index (PIT) scores,advanced clinical stage and higher lactate dehydrogenase level (all P ＜ 0.05).The total efficacy rate in the low ALC group was lower than that in the high ALC group [56.5％ (13/23) vs.67.4％ (31/46)],but the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.784,P =0.376).The 3-year survival rate in the low ALC group was significantly lower than that in the high ALC group,and the difference was statistically significant (40.5％ vs.68.6％,x2 =7.846,P =0.010).Univariate analysis showed that the US Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score ≥ 2,IPI score ≥2,Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ and ALC＜1.0×109/L were the poor prognostic factors (all P ＜ 0.05),while Cox multivariate analysis showed that the Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ and ALC＜1.0×109/L were the independent risk factors for prognosis of patients with PTCL-NOS (P =0.008,P =0.029).Conclusion The decrease of peripheral blood ALC in patients with PTCL-NOS at the initial diagnosis suggests a poor prognosis,and ALC can be used as a new indicator for prognosis evaluation of PTCL-NOS patients.

Objective We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in this Meta-analysis.Methods Literature related to FMT for the treatment of UC from PubMed,Embase,Cochrane databases,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang Data were searched and screened with update study in May 2018.Two independent investigators extracted information according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.The Meta-analysis was conducted by Stata 12.0 software.Results A total of 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 19 non-randomized controlled trials (non-RCTs) including 536 participants met the inclusion criteria.Meta-analysis of RCTs showed that FMT significantly increased the clinical remission rate (OR=2.47,95％CI 1.40-4.33,P=0.02) and clinical response rate (OR=1.86,95％CI 1.15-3.02,P=-0.01) in UC patients without increasing the incidence of severe adverse effects (OR=1.40,95％CI 0.51-3.79,P=-0.51).The results from 19 non-RCTs showed that clinical remission rate in UC patients with FMT treatment was 20％(95％CI 13％-28％) and the clinical response rate was 50％(95％CI 36％-65％).All adverse events were graded as mild and self-resolving.No FMT-related severe adverse effects were reported.Conclusions Our analysis suggests that FMT is a safe and effective method for the treatment of UC.Considering several limitations of this Meta-analysis and previous clinical trials,further large-scale multicenter RCTs are still required to further verify the conclusion.

Objective To investigate the relationship between sleep duration and the risk of stroke in Asian populations.Methods Using duration of sleep,stroke and cerebrovascular event as search terms,we searched the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI),Wanfang,Chinese BioMedical Literature(CBM),Vip Citation Databases(VIP),PubMed,EMBASE and Science Citation Index databases from the time of database construction to April 1,2018.Observational studies including cross-sectional studies,case-control studies and cohort studies that aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and the risk of stroke in Asian populations were collected.Two investigators independently screened the literature,extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies.All analyses were performed by using the Stata 12.0 software.Results A total of 18 studies,including 658 778 participants,were included in this meta-analysis.Pooled results showed that short sleep duration was not associated with increased risk of stroke(OR =1.08,95 ％CI:0.96-1.22,Z =1.27,P =0.205),but long sleep duration was associated with increased risk of stroke(OR =1.61,95 ％CI:1.42-1.83,Z =7.49,P ＜ 0.001).Subgroup analysis showed that short sleep duration was correlated with a high risk of stroke only in the Singaporean population while it was not the case in other Asian populations,and long sleep duration was correlated with a high risk of stroke in many studies except in pooled results of case-control studies and pooled research results concerning the Korean population.Conclusions Long but not short sleep duration is a risk factor for the incidence of stoke in Asian populations.

Objective:To investigate the effects of simulated microgravity on the phenotype of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii extracted from sputum specimens of elderly patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Methods:A strain of A. baumannii grown in simulated microgravity was constructed by a three-dimensional rotary cell culture system, and a strain of A. baumannii grown in normal gravity was prepared as a control group.The growth rates of the two strains were detected by the Bioscreen system, colony numbers were measured by the plate colony-counting method, oxidative stress was analyzed by observing the survival rate in phosphate buffer saline(PBS) with 5 mmol/L H 2O 2, biofilm formation ability was determined by crystal violet staining, and antibiotic susceptibility was measured by the K-B method. Results:Compared with the normal gravity strain, the simulated microgravity strain was associated with a significantly slower growth rate, especially after 10 h( P<0.05), a decreased number of bacterial colonies[(2.33±0.61)×10 13CFU/L vs.(4.87±0.63)×10 13CFU/L, t=4.865, P=0.040], lower survival rates in PBS solution with H 2O 2[(51.43±0.97)% vs.(56.53±2.54)%, t=4.715, P=0.042], reduced biofilm formation ability( A570), [(0.449±0.014) vs.(0.506±0.024), t=8.692, P=0.013], and an increased inhibition zone diameter of amikacin[(15.17±0.21) mm vs.(13.77±0.15) mm, t=6.725, P=0.021]. Conclusions:Simulated microgravity changes the growth rate, biofilm formation ability, oxidative stress and antibiotic susceptibility of extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii, potentially providing a new treatment strategy for extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia in the elderly.

Objective:To analyze the anatomical morphology of the zygomatic arch for reduction malarplasty.Methods:Computed tomography (CT) data were obtained from the electronic records of 45 patients in the Tianjin Stomatological Hospital from January 2018 to February 2020. Among them, there were 30 patients with normal protrusion of zygoma (group A) and 15 patients with prominent protrusion of zygoma (group B). The data were imported into modeling and analysis software (Mimics). Left and right three-dimensional (3D) zygoma models were created through standard procedures. In the 3D models, a vertical cut of the zygomatic arch was done, and anatomical morphological characteristics of the zygomatic arch were obtained through bone data measurement and morphological observation. Mean values with 95% confidence intervals ( CI) were calculated for the positional data. Independent sample T-test was conducted on the positional data and anatomical morphology data of the zygomatic arch in the two groups. P< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results:In group B, the anterior edge of the stabilization area was located in front of the articular tubercle point (15.12 mm, 17.16 mm). The posterior edge of the stabilization area was located in front of the articular tubercle point (7.11 mm, 8.24 mm). The posterior edge of the enlarged area was located in front of the articular tubercle point (3.17 mm, 3.94 mm). There were significant differences between group A and group B in the posterior edge of the stabilization area ( t= 2.41, P= 0.018), the posterior edge of the enlarged area ( t=2.58, P= 0.012), and the width of the unilateral face ( P<0.01). Conclusions:There exists a stabilization area of bone morphology and enlargement area in zygomatic arch. The anatomical morphology of the zygomatic arch is different in width of the unilateral face and location of the enlarged area between populations with normal protrusion and prominent protrusion of the zygoma.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of olaparib in combination with pembrolizumab with pembrolizumab alone in second-line treatment for patients with extensive stage-small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) whose ages ranged from 40 to 80 years.Methods:From March 2017 to October 2019, 21 patients with progressed or relapsed small cell lung cancer after standard first line treatment were enrolled in this study. The olaparib/pembrolizumab group ( n=11) was treated by olaparib 300mg twice per day combined with pembrolizumab 200mg once every 3 weeks, while pembrolizumab group was treated by pembrolizumab alone. Results:The objective response rate (ORR) of olaparib/pembrolizumab group and pembrolizumab group were 45.5% and 10.0%, respectively ( P=0.149), and the disease control rate (DCR) were 81.8% and 70.0% ( P=0.635). The median progression-free survival (PFS) were 5.93 months and 3.53 months ( P=0.036), the median overall survival (OS) were 10.43 months and 8.43 months ( P=0.063). The adverse reaction incidences of all grades were 90.9% and 70.0% ( P=0.311), and the incidences of grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ including myelosuppression were 36.4% and 10.0% ( P=0.311), gastrointestinal reaction were 9.1% and 10.0%, ( P=1.000) and other immune-related adverse events were 18.2% and 30.0% ( P=1.000). Further analysis showed the metastatic number ( P=0.006), platinum sensitivity ( P=0.036) and LDH level ( P=0.022) significantly affected the ORR of olaparib/pembrolizumab therapy. Conclusion:Our preliminary study indicates that olaparib combined with pembrolizumab is an efficient and safe second-line treatment therapy for patients with ES-SCLC.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is no cure at present,and only drugs and surgery can relieve symptoms,delay and reduce recurrence.Therefore,it is very important to monitor the disease activity.Glycocalyx,a polyglycoprotein complex covering luminal side of vascular endothelial cells,is supportive in maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier,and inflammation leads to its structural damage.This review introduces currently available non-invasive biomarkers of clinical importance for IBD in laboratory testing,and analyzes the value of serum glycocalyx injury markers(syndecan-1,HS and HA)in the diagnosis or monitoring of IBD.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of olaparib in combination with pembrolizumab with pembrolizumab alone in second-line treatment for patients with extensive stage-small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) whose ages ranged from 40 to 80 years.Methods:From March 2017 to October 2019, 21 patients with progressed or relapsed small cell lung cancer after standard first line treatment were enrolled in this study. The olaparib/pembrolizumab group ( n=11) was treated by olaparib 300mg twice per day combined with pembrolizumab 200mg once every 3 weeks, while pembrolizumab group was treated by pembrolizumab alone. Results:The objective response rate (ORR) of olaparib/pembrolizumab group and pembrolizumab group were 45.5% and 10.0%, respectively ( P=0.149), and the disease control rate (DCR) were 81.8% and 70.0% ( P=0.635). The median progression-free survival (PFS) were 5.93 months and 3.53 months ( P=0.036), the median overall survival (OS) were 10.43 months and 8.43 months ( P=0.063). The adverse reaction incidences of all grades were 90.9% and 70.0% ( P=0.311), and the incidences of grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ including myelosuppression were 36.4% and 10.0% ( P=0.311), gastrointestinal reaction were 9.1% and 10.0%, ( P=1.000) and other immune-related adverse events were 18.2% and 30.0% ( P=1.000). Further analysis showed the metastatic number ( P=0.006), platinum sensitivity ( P=0.036) and LDH level ( P=0.022) significantly affected the ORR of olaparib/pembrolizumab therapy. Conclusion:Our preliminary study indicates that olaparib combined with pembrolizumab is an efficient and safe second-line treatment therapy for patients with ES-SCLC.

With?the?development?of?medical?radiography,?cone?beam?computed?tomography?(CBCT)?has?been?widely?used?in?stomatology?because?of?its?numerous?advantages,?such?as?adequate?spatial?resolution,?low?radiation,?undistorted?three-dimensional?tissue?information,?and?good?applicability?for?hard?tissue?imaging.?Traditional?periapical?radiography?is?based?on?two-dimensional?image?which?displays?the?three-dimensional?object?and?its?surrounding?structures.?Periapical?radiography?can?only?show?the?overlapping?mesio-distally?direction?bone?destruction,?can’t?show?buccolingual?direction?bone?destruction.?As?a?kind?of?three-dimensional?imaging?technology,?CBCT?can?show?three-dimensional?structure?of?the?organization?from?sagittal,?coronal?and?axial?direction,?to?overcome?the?defect?of?two-dimensional?image?such?as?overlap?and?deformation.?CBCT?has?a?unique?advantage?than?periapical?radiography?in?the?diagnosis?and?treatment?for?periapical?disease.?This?review?will?summarize?the?difference?between?CBCT?and?periapical?radiography?in?the?periapical?disease.