With the advancement of rectal cancer surgery, low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) has emerged as a significant issue impacting the postoperative quality of life for patients. Anorectal manometry (ARM), an essential diagnostic tool, possesses principles and methodologies that are crucial for assessing anorectal function. In the context of LARS diagnosis, ARM plays a pivotal role by providing objective evidence for clinical evaluations. Concurrently, the implications and efficacy of this technology in treatment are gaining increasing attention. Nonetheless, several challenges remain regarding its current application. Through an analysis of existing research, this article aims to elucidate the value of ARM in both the diagnosis and treatment of LARS, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to LARS and improving patients' quality of life.

Melanopsin (OPN4), a G protein-coupled receptor, is spectrally sensitive to blue light at a wavelength of 480 nm and is the third type of mammalian photoreceptor in addition to optic rods and cones.OPN4 is primarily located in the dendrites and cell bodies of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and projects received visual signals to non-visual regions of the brain.OPN4 plays an important role in the body by participating in the circadian rhythm and regulating sleep, melatonin release and alertness.In visual development, OPN4 plays an important role in the light reflex of the pupil, the regulation of dopamine synthesis in the retina, and influences refractive development and myopia development.However, the role of OPN4 in inhibiting the development of myopia and the role of dopamine in melanopsin-mediated photoregulation are still controversial.In future studies, observing whether there are different regulatory mechanisms of OPN4-related cells involved in visual development may provide new ideas and methods to control the progression of myopia.This article reviews the recent research on melanopsin's role in visual development from three aspects: its relationship with visual development, its relationship with circadian rhythm, and its involvement in regulating retinal dopamine.

Objective:To systematically analyze the current research landscape and development trends of 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) in the field of ocular surface diseases using bibliometric methods.Methods:Relevant literature on 0.05% CsA published between January 2000 and September 2024 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.A total of 244 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using the bibliometric visualization tool CiteSpace.The analysis included publication volume, core authors, research institutions and country distribution, keyword co-occurrence, burst detection, clustering, and co-citation patterns.Results:From January 2000 to September 2024, the overall number of publications showed a fluctuating upward trend, peaking in 2022.A total of 513 authors were identified, with Yoon Kyung Chul contributing the most publications.The research involved 331 institutions, with Chonnam National University and Harvard University showing outstanding performance.A total of 39 countries were involved, with the United States leading in publication volume (93 articles) and demonstrating high centrality and collaboration strength.China ranked fifth with 19 articles and has shown rapid growth in recent years.Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed that the most central research themes were dry eye disease and 0.05% CsA.Other hotspots included allergic conjunctivitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, Sj?gren syndrome, and postoperative dry eye management.Clustering and timeline analyses indicated that research directions have expanded from basic therapy to novel formulations, combination treatments, and personalized approaches.Co-citation analysis showed that highly cited references had a significant influence om the field.Highly cited publications from the past three years reflected a sustained focus on novel formulations and long-term efficacy evaluation.Conclusions:0.05% CsA plays a crucial role in the treatment of various ocular surface diseases.Future research should focus on developing novel formulations, combination therapy strategies, and conducting large-scale, long-term clinical trials to optimize treatment outcomes and advance the field.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of peripheral retinal defocus distribution in adult myopia and its relationship with refractive error.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 270 myopic patients aged 18 to 46 years were enrolled at Tianjin Eye Hospital from January to March 2024.Data from the right eye were included in the analysis.Spherical power and cylindrical power were obtained using an autorefractor and the spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated.Corneal curvature parameters including flap keratometry (K1), steep keratometry (K2), and average keratometry (Km) were measured using the Pentacam anterior segment imaging analyzer.Central corneal thickness (CCT) and axial length (AL) were measured using the IOLMaster optical biometer.Peripheral defocus within a 53° area centered on the fovea was assessed using multispectral refractive topography.Based on the peripheral defocus data, the distribution patterns were classified into four types: hemilateral upturn type, saddle type, crater type, and relatively flat type.Characteristics of different tpes and their correlation with diopter were analyzed.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (No.KY-2024020).All participants voluntarily participated and signed the informed consent form.Results:Of the different types of peripheral retinal defocus, 186 eyes (68.63%) were hemilateral upturn type, 45 eyes (16.61%) were crater type, 36 eyes (13.28%) were relatively flat type, and 3 eyes (1.11%) were saddle type.The crater type exhibited the lowest mean SE of (-6.18±1.50)D, while the relatively flat type showed the highest mean SE of (-3.88±0.87)D.There were significant differences in SE and AL among different peripheral defocus types ( F=15.469, 17.928, 3.431; all P<0.05).The hemilateral upturn type had significantly lower SE and spherical diopter than the relatively flat type, and crater type had significantly lower SE and spherical diopter compared to the hemilateral upturn type and relatively flat type significantly, and the hemilateral upturn type had longer AL than the relatively flat type (all P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in CCT, K1, K2, or Km among different peripheral defocus types ( F=0.861, 1.761, 2.603, 2.248; all P>0.05).Spherical power was weakly negatively correlated with superior, inferior, and temporal peripheral defocus ( r=-0.269, P<0.001; r=-0.176, P<0.01; r=-0.292, P<0.001).Age was positively correlated with superior and temporal peripheral defocus ( rs=0.213, P<0.001; rs=0.181, P=0.003), and negatively correlated with nasal peripheral defocus ( rs=-0.138, P=0.023). Conclusions:Among adult peripheral defocus patterns, the hemilateral upturn type is predominant.The crater type has the lowest mean spherical equivalent, while the relatively flat type has the highest.There are negative correlations between spherical power and the superior, inferior, and temporal peripheral defocus.

Visual system is a critical sensory system in humans and a vital component of the central nervous system, which is responsible for over 80% of external information acquisition.Visual function is a key indicator of overall health.With socioeconomic development, the public has higher expectations for eye health, shifting the focus of eye health initiatives from disease treatment to comprehensive public eye health.Key scientific challenges include how to effectively prevent, diagnose, and treat blindness and visual impairment at an early stage; how to enhance the overall visual quality of patients to ensure not just sight but clear and comfortable vision; and how to meet the public's diverse and multi-tiered eye health needs.Visual science is an interdisciplinary field exploring the development of the visual system, the mechanisms of vision, and brain-related perceptual, cognitive and behavioral processes involving sight.Prioritizing and advancing visual science research is of great significance for promoting comprehensive eye health and implementing the Healthy China Strategy.This article first outlines the concept and research significance of visual science.It then highlights the key scientific questions in visual science pertaining to several major eye diseases, such as myopia, amblyopia, cataract, fundus diseases, glaucoma, and corneal diseases, reviews the historical foundation of visual science research in China, selectively summarizes key achievements and ongoing progress in this field, analyzes the landscape and challenges faced by domestic research, and proposes, to this end, strategies to advance visual science in China.These recommendations are designed to promote visual science research in China and ultimately advance comprehensive eye health.

Objective:To investigate whether a distant-image screen display has an inhibitory effect on children's nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM).Methods:A prospective self-controlled study was conducted.From March 2022 to March 2023, 120 pediatric volunteers, aged 4 to 12 years, with a mean age of (5.0±2.2) years, were recruited at Tianjin Eye Hospital.Subjects with refractive errors underwent tests wearing corrective lenses.Subjects were categorized based on accommodative response into three groups: accommodative lead (16 subjects, 32 eyes), accommodative equivalent (48 subjects, 96 eyes), and accommodative lag (56 subjects, 112 eyes). Subjects were also divided by myopia status into myopic (20 subjects, 40 eyes) and non-myopic (100 subjects, 200 eyes) groups.Using a random number table, the subjects were assigned to first view video images for 30 minutes on either an iPad or a distant light screen display.After a two-hour rest between the two sessions, the viewing modality was switched.Visual acuity, refractive power, lens thickness, NITM degree, and NITM recovery time were recorded before and after viewing videos via both modalities.Visual acuity, lens thickness, NITM degree, and recovery time following video viewing via the two modalities across different accommodation types and refractive types were compared.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (No.2022099), and all guardians of the subjects provided informed consent for this study.Results:The NITM degree and recovery time after watching videos on a distant-image screen display were (0.00±0.36)D and (25.33±15.48) seconds, respectively.The NITM degree and recovery time after watching videos on an iPad were (-0.20±0.40)D and (33.33±17.68) seconds, respectively.Compared with watching videos on an iPad, watching videos on a distant-image screen display resulted in better immediate distance vision, lower myopic refractive power, thinner lens thickness, lower NITM degree, and shorter recovery time, with statistically significant differences ( t=-7.688, 7.842, -4.210, 2.331, -2.887; all P<0.05). After viewing the distant-image screen display and iPad, there was no significant difference in the overall comparison of visual acuity change, lens thickness change, NITM degree and NITM recovery time among the accommodative lead, accommodative equivalent and accommodative lag groups ( H=0.584, 4.923, 1.514, 2.634; all P>0.05. H=3.265, 1.884, 1.606, 1.922; all P>0.05), and there was also no significant difference between the myopic and non-myopic groups ( Z=-1.555, -1.700, -0.254, -2.336; all P>0.05. Z=-1.125, -0.446, -1.033, -0.759; all P>0.05). Conclusions:The use of a distant-image screen display can reduce the NITM caused by near viewing and shorten the NITM recovery time, which is effective for children with different refractive states and accommodative types.

The neurovascular unit (NVU) plays a crucial role in the functionality and plasticity of the visual cortex by tightly coupling neuronal activity with vascular function through the coordinated action of multiple cell types.Synaptic activity in neurons drives glutamate uptake by astrocytes, triggering calcium signaling, which further modulates local blood flow dynamics to meet the metabolic demands of the visual cortex during periods of high neural activity.Neurons also contribute to synaptic plasticity through mechanisms such as long-term potentiation and long-term depression, determining the efficiency of visual information processing and network remodeling.Astrocytic calcium signaling serves as a vital intermediary in this process, not only supporting the metabolic needs of neurons but also shaping the fine structure of visual networks by regulating synaptic dynamics.During critical periods, astrocytic activity within the NVU promotes synaptic maturation and establishes the temporal window for plasticity in the visual cortex.In adulthood, the proper functioning of NVU provides a foundation for the reorganization of visual function.Dysfunctional NVU activity can impair visual plasticity, highlighting its relevance as a therapeutic target for conditions such as amblyopia, brain injuries, and neurodegenerative diseases.Understanding the collaborative mechanisms between neurons and other NVU components offers novel theoretical insights and practical approaches for restoring visual function and intervening in neurological disorders.This article reviews the research progress of NVU in visual plasticity, focusing on the concept of NVU, the roles of neurons and the functions of astrocytes within NVU, as well as the roles of NVU in synaptic plasticity, critical period visual plasticity, and plastic remodeling.

Objective To assess changes in composition of oral microbiota in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)by systematic review and Meta-analysis.Methods Computer searches were conducted in databases such as PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Wanfang Data and CNKI to gather research on the oral microbiome of OSCC.The search covered the period from the establishment of databases to March 25 2025.Literature was screened and data extracted according to literature inclusion and exclusion criteria,and Meta-analysis of changes in the abundance of bacterial genera in included studies was performed using Stata 17.0.Results A total of 23 studies involving 1 718 participants were included.These studies were divided into two categories:(1)case-control studies(n=14)and(2)cancer tissue versus paired paracancerous tissue(n=9).At the genus level,Fusobacterium was increased in abundance in OSCC patients(SMD=0.52,95%CI:0.39-0.65,P＜0.001)and cancer tissue(SMD=0.89,95%CI:0.55-1.24,P＜0.001).Porphyromonas was increased abundance in OSCC patients(SMD=0.17,95%CI:0.02-0.33,P=0.030)and cancer tissue(SMD=0.31,95%CI:0.10-0.53,P=0.005).Streptococcus was decreased in OSCC(SMD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.85--0.01,P=0.044)and cancer tissue(SMD=-0.66,95%CI:-0.96--0.37,P＜0.001).Conclusion Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas increase and Streptococcus decrease in OSCC patients and cancer tissue,suggesting that oral flora dysbiosis is associated with the development of OSCC.

Submucosal angiomyolipoma(AML)of rectum is clinically rare.This article reports the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment process of a case of rectal AML.By reviewing the clinical data of this patient and combining with literature review,we aim to deepen the current understanding of AML in the digestive tract and avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment in clinical practice.

In response to issues in diagnostics experiment teaching for intelligent medical engineering in medical colleges and universities, such as the disconnection between theory and practice, the teaching content emphasizing "medicine" rather than "engineering", the lack of interaction between teachers and students, and the single teaching evaluation method, this study introduced the outcome-based education concept. According to the graduation requirements supported by the course, the experiment teaching reform ideas were adjusted from three aspects: setting curriculum objectives based on learning outcomes, reforming teaching strategies to achieve learning outcomes, and assessing learning outcomes to promote continuous improvement. The results of the reform show that students' satisfaction with the content, methods, and assessment of experiment teaching all exceeded 86.66%. The reform successfully integrated medicine and engineering, virtual and practical training, and teaching and ideological and political education. The reform also significantly improved the teaching effectiveness and talent cultivation level of experimental courses from the three dimensions of knowledge learning, ability improvement, and value shaping.