Background: There is no previous study on long-term mortality following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in Turkey. The aim of this study is to investigate long-term mortality following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and the predictive factors for mortality in hospitalized patients in a medical centre in Turkey. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of patients aged 18 and above, hospitalized with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage between January 2004 and March 2005, in the Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul. Demographic data, vascular risk factors, Glasgow Coma Scale score and neuroimaging findings were abstracted. Anamnestic findings consisted of the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, acetyl salicylic acid-warfarin use and family history of stroke. The anatomic localization, volume, and intraventricular extension of hematoma were determined on CT images. The patients or their family members were called up to determine 30-day and one-year mortality rates. Results: Thirty-day mortality was 38.3% and one-year mortality was 49.6%. The predictive factors for mortality Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission, blood glucose, hematoma volume and intraventricular extension of hematoma. Thirty-day mortality and one-year mortality did not differ with sex (p>0.05). All patients who have hematoma volume of over 60 cm3 died within 30 days. There were correlation between hematoma volume and both 30-day and one-year mortality rates (p<0.001). The patients who had hematoma with extension to ventricles had significantly higher 30-day and one-year mortality rates (p<0.001). Conclusions: Mortality rate after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage was high as in other studies from elsewhere. Low level of consciousness on admission and high volume of hematoma were predictive of poor prognosis.

Background: It has been reported that a new type of headache may develop as a result of face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical features of face mask-related headache during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on healthcare workers at the Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University. The number of workers at our university was established. Sample size was calculated using the G*Power program. A questionnaire consisting of questions relating to pre-existing headache, an aggravation in headache, and de-novo headache was filled out by 3 neurologists with all participants. Results: Data was collected from a total of 375 participants, after the exclusion of 5 individuals who refused to participate. Out of all participants, 26 (6.9%) used a filtering mask, 274 (73.1%) used a surgical mask, 75 (20.0%) participants used a combination of both masks. The number of participants with preexisting headache was 114 (30.4%) had pre-existing headache. Of those with pre-existing headache, 77 (67.5%) healthcare workers had reported an aggravation in their headache after mask use. De-novo headache was observed in 116 (30.9%) of participants. De-novo headache characteristics included throbbing in 17 (14.7%) participants and pressing in 99 (85.3%) participants. In addition, symptoms such as tachypnea, sleep disturbance, and fatigue were found to be significantly higher. Conclusions This study indicates that healthcare workers develop headaches due to use of masks during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Background: It has been reported that a new type of headache may develop as a result of face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical features of face mask-related headache during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on healthcare workers at the Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University. The number of workers at our university was established. Sample size was calculated using the G*Power program. A questionnaire consisting of questions relating to pre-existing headache, an aggravation in headache, and de-novo headache was filled out by 3 neurologists with all participants. Results: Data was collected from a total of 375 participants, after the exclusion of 5 individuals who refused to participate. Out of all participants, 26 (6.9%) used a filtering mask, 274 (73.1%) used a surgical mask, 75 (20.0%) participants used a combination of both masks. The number of participants with preexisting headache was 114 (30.4%) had pre-existing headache. Of those with pre-existing headache, 77 (67.5%) healthcare workers had reported an aggravation in their headache after mask use. De-novo headache was observed in 116 (30.9%) of participants. De-novo headache characteristics included throbbing in 17 (14.7%) participants and pressing in 99 (85.3%) participants. In addition, symptoms such as tachypnea, sleep disturbance, and fatigue were found to be significantly higher. Conclusions This study indicates that healthcare workers develop headaches due to use of masks during the COVID-19 outbreak.