No abstract available.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Vitiligo*

Mosaic trisomy 13 is estimated to occur in 5% of all trisomy 13 cases. Presentation of trisomy 13 mosaicism is highly variable, with cases that may present with a normal phenotype and intellectual function, to cases with grossly abnormal features and profound developmental delays. We present a 2-year-old female with trisomy 13 mosaicism, who presented with small for gestational age (SGA), polydactyly, ventricular septal defect (VSD), and poor oral feeding.
Trisomy 13 Syndrome ; Genetic Counseling

Asthma is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease of lung. The initiation and progression of asthma is dependent on the cytokines interleukin (IL) -4 and IL-13 acting through related receptor complexes. Disease pathogenesis is effected by intracellular signaling pathways that couple primarily to specific motifs within the intracellular domain of the IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4R alpha), a subunit that is common to the IL-4 and IL-13 receptor complexes. Neutralizing anti-cytokine strategies have proven to be highly successful on dissecting relevant effector pathways in experimental allergic disease, and are now entering clinical trials in human allergic disorders. Although there have been only a few clinical studies on the effects of cytokine modulators in asthma, this line of research and development appears promising.
Asthma* ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Interleukin-13 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukins ; Lung ; Receptors, Interleukin-13 ; Receptors, Interleukin-4

Chromosome Disorders ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Trisomy ; Trisomy 13 Syndrome

T helper-type 2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, may play a central role in allergic diseases. The protein known as signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a key transcription factor involved in both IL-4- and -13-mediated biological responses. Two polymorphisms of the STAT 6 gene (exon 1 and G2964A variant) have been found. We investigated whether these STAT6 gene polymorphisms were associated with allergic rhinitis. Blood samples for genetic analysis were obtained from 285 individuals with allergic rhinitis and from 271 healthy subjects without atopic disease. The G2964A variant of the STAT6 gene was genotyped using PCR-RFLP analysis. The GT repeat polymorphism in exon 1 of the STAT6 gene was genotyped by fragment analysis. There was no association between the 2964A variant and GT repeat polymorphism in exon 1 of the STAT6 and allergic rhinitis in a Korean population (both p > 0.05). Our results suggest that a combination of STAT6 gene polymorphisms is not a useful marker for predicting allergic rhinitis.
Cytokines ; Exons ; Interleukin-13 ; Interleukin-4 ; Rhinitis* ; Transcription Factors ; Transducers

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a complex idiopathic disease of the skin with various cellular infiltrations. Although mast cells are key effector cells in the pathogenesis of CSU, CD4+ T helper 2 cells also have particular roles in the development and maintenance of CSU. Periostin is known as a downstream molecule of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, key cytokines of type 2 immune responses. In this study, we examined periostin and IL-13 levels in the sera of patients with CSU (n=84) and healthy normal controls (NCs, n=43). Periostin levels were significantly lower in the CSU group than in NCs (71.4±21.8 vs 85.1±22.4 ng/mL, P=0.04). Periostin levels were also lower in the severe CSU group than those in mild CSU (59.7±18.0 vs 73.4±22.0 ng/mL, P=0.04). However, IL-13 levels were significantly higher in patients with CSU than in NCs (508.5±51.2 vs 200.7±13.3 pg/mL, P=0.001). In conclusion, periostin and IL-13 may be independently related to the pathogenesis of CSU.
Cytokines ; Humans ; Interleukin-13* ; Interleukins ; Mast Cells ; Skin ; Urticaria*

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Trisomy ; genetics

Consequently, abstinence only programs may not be enough to lower the risk of sexually transmitted illnesses (STIs), such as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV AIDS). Paradoxically, in another study, it was shown that the more strongly abstinence was emphasized by the law, the higher the average teenage pregnancy and birth rates were.2 In fact, the same study concluded that while abstinence-only programs were not successful, areas that taught comprehensive sex and/or HIV education and covered abstinence along with contraception and condom access tended to be more successful, and had the lowest teen pregnancy rates. (see full-text for continuation)

BACKGROUND: Advances in information and communication technologies facilitate opportunities for sexual exploitation and abuse of children online (SEACO). Despite the presence of laws against child pornography, trafficking, and cybercrime, the Philippines has become known as a key hub of the billion-dollar global child cybersex industry.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to provide insight on SEACO in the Philippines.

METHODS: The methodology consisted of a review of readily available news articles and reports. The search term "Philippines cybersex" was used in Advanced Search in Google News (https://news.google.com.ph) for English language reports from 1995 to 2015 to describe the geographic distribution of media reported cases of SEACO, the profile of victims and offenders, and how offenders and victims became involved in SEACO.

RESULTS: The review found 55 reports and articles from 2011 to 2015. Cases were reported from 9 regions in the country with victims ranging from 18 months to 17 years in age. Three types of SEACO were identified: live streaming of child sexual abuse, child sexual abuse material (child pornography), and sextortion using minors.

CONCLUSION: Cases of SEACO were found to be present throughout the country. National policies and preventive measures are needed to stem this crime.

Objectives. 1) To determine the nutritional status of pregnant adolescents aged 14 to 19 years seen at the Philippine General Hospital Teen Mom Clinic from February to July 2014; 2) To describe the demographic characteristics, pregnancy history, and lifestyle and health habits of adolescent mothers; 3) To describe the adequacy of the daily intake of nutrients (caloric energy, carbohydrates, protein, fats, folate, calcium, and iron) of adolescent mothers; and 4) To determine the association of specific demographic characteristics with body mass index categories.

Methods. This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Included were the pregnant adolescents aged 14 to 19 years of age, referred to the Teen Mom Clinic, who planned to deliver at the Philippine General Hospital. Informed consent and assent forms were signed, and the principal investigator interviewed the subjects for demographic and clinical history at the time of enrolment. The adolescents were taught and instructed to fill up the food diary (2 weekdays and 1 weekend) and the food frequency (once) forms. These were submitted on their next visit and given to a licensed nutritionist for analysis. The nutritional status was assessed by gathering the weight and height of the patients in order to compute for the body mass index at the time of enrolment in the study.

Results. The percentage distribution of nutritional status of pregnant adolescents consisted of the following: 65% normal; 28% underweight; 3.5% overweight; 3.5% obese. The 60 pregnant adolescents had a mean age of 16.9 years (SD 1.2). Their partners had a mean age of 20.3 years [SD 3.8]. On the average, they had a total of five pre-natal checkups. Majority of the respondents (85%) still depended primarily on their parents for financial support. Around 93% of the pregnancies were unplanned. Their median percent adequacy for daily calories was 72%, carbohydrates 69%, proteins 73%, and fats 86%. For the micronutrients, the median percent adequacies for folate, calcium, and iron, based on the needs of pregnant women, were 18%, 63%, and 29%, respectively. If amounts were compared to the requirements by age, the median adequacies of intake were 27%, 50%, and 41%, respectively. The nutritional status was not found dependent on the age, educational attainment, number of siblings, and the monthly family income of the respondents.

Conclusion. Only 65% of the pregnant adolescents had normal nutritional status. There was still an elevated level of malnutrition among pregnant adolescents as shown in this study: 28% were underweight, 3.3% were overweight, and another 3.3% were obese.