Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Losartan ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

OBJECTIVETo determine the effects of irrigation fluid absorption on system hemodynamics, fluid-electrolyte and hormone during mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

METHODSIn this study 128 patients with renal calculus or calculus of superior ureter from January 2007 to February 2008 were collected. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), plasma osmotic pressure (POP), fluid-electrolyte, serum creatinine (Cre), renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone were determined before and after operation. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and oxygen saturation (SPO(2)) were recorded dynamically every 30 min.

RESULTSThe HR speeded up accompanied with the irrigation time. When compared with before operation, POP, Cl(-), renin and Cre were significantly increased after operation; Hb, Hct and K(+) were significantly decreased after operation; MAP, SPO(2), Na(+), aldosterone and angiotensin II did not change significantly after operation. No serious surgery-related complication occurred in all patients.

CONCLUSIONSIrrigation fluid is absorbed during mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The absorption amount is positively correlated with irrigation time. Changes of hemodynamics, fluid-electrolyte balance and renin may be caused by the irrigation fluid absorption.

Adult ; Aged ; Aldosterone ; blood ; Angiotensin II ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; blood ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Renin ; blood ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Ureteral Calculi ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Water-Electrolyte Balance ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of jianxin pinglu pill (JPP) on arrhythmia and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

METHODSThe effects of JPP on arrhythmia, mortality and AQP4 on I/R injured rats model induced by blocking left coronary artery were observed using II lead of ECG, HE stain and AQP4 immunohistochemical stain.

RESULTSJPP showed significant effect in lowering the arrhythmia occurrence and mortality, reducing myocardial ischemic edema and injury, strengthening AQP4 expression in myocardial tissue.

CONCLUSIONJPP has the effect of preventing I/R induced arrhythmia, it might be related with its action in up-regulating AQP4 expression level in myocardium and reducing the intracellular edema.

Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; pharmacology ; Aquaporin 4 ; Aquaporins ; analysis ; biosynthesis ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Water-Electrolyte Balance ; drug effects

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate abnormalities in blood electrolyte levels during severe hypoglycemia in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a clinical setting. METHODS: Blood electrolyte levels in adult T2DM patients during severe hypoglycemia were collected from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012. Patients who maintained normal serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were utilized in the study. Severe hypoglycemia was defined as a condition requiring medical assistance, such as administering carbohydrates when serum glucose levels less than 70 mg/dL were observed, in conjunction with other symptoms of hypoglycemia. RESULTS: A total of 1,068 patients who visited the emergency room with severe hypoglycemia were screened, of which 219 patients were included in this study. The incidence of abnormal levels for any electrolyte was 47%. Hypokalemia (< 3.5 mmol/L) was the most common type of electrolyte disturbance observed at 21.9%. A decrease in serum potassium levels was associated with decreases in blood glucose levels (r = 0.151, p = 0.025). During severe hypoglycemia, median blood glucose levels, incidence of tachycardia (> 100 beats per minute) and severe hypertension (> or = 180/120 mmHg) were 30 mg/dL (range, 14 to 62) and 35 mg/dL (range, 10 to 69; p = 0.04), 18.8% and 7.2% (p = 0.02), and 20.8% and 10.2% (p = 0.05) in the hypokalemia and normokalemia groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: During severe hypoglycemia, hypokalemia occurred in 21.9% of T2DM patients and was associated with tachycardia and severe hypertension. Therefore, the results suggest that severe hypoglycemia may increase cardiovascular events in T2DM.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Glucose/drug effects/*metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/chemically induced/epidemiology ; Hypoglycemia/blood/chemically induced/diagnosis/*epidemiology/therapy ; Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects ; Hypokalemia/blood/chemically induced/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Potassium/*blood ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Tachycardia/chemically induced/epidemiology ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance/drug effects