No abstract available.
Tissue Engineering*

No abstract available.
Tissue Engineering

Tendon is a dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. Tendon can adapt to mechanical forces passing across it, through a reciprocal relationship between its cellular components (tenocytes and tenoblasts) and the extracellular matrix (ECM). In early development, the formation of scleraxis-expressing tendon progenitor population in the sclerotome is induced by a fibroblast growth factor signal secreted by the myotome. Tendon injury has been defined as a loss of cells or ECM caused by trauma. It represents a failure of cells and matrix adaptation to mechanical loading. Injury initiates attempts of tendon to repair itself, which has been defined as replacement of damaged or lost cells and ECM by new cells or new matrices. Tendon healing generally consists of four different phases: the inflammatory, proliferation, differentiation and remodelling phases. Clinically, tendons are repaired with a variety of surgical techniques, which show various degrees of success. In order to improve the conventional tendon repair methods, current tendon tissue engineering aims to investigate a repair method which can restore tissue defects with living cells, or cell based therapy. Advances in tissue engineering techniques would potentially yield to a cell-based product that could regenerate functional tendon tissue.
Tissue Engineering

Scaffold-free tissue engineered cell sheet is an emerging technology in biomedical field. It can avoid the adverse effects of scaffold materials, and can be further assembled to form more complex three-dimensional functional tissues. The construction of cell sheet is mainly based on the culture substrate composed of sensitive materials. By changing the stimulation factors such as temperature, enzyme, light, ion, redox, pH and sugar, the adhesion behavior of the substrate to the cells could be changed to make the cells detach naturally, thus generating the cell sheet. Recent years have seen the development of various simple and efficient construction technologies of cell sheet due to the development of a variety of novel sensitive culture substrates. The resulted cell sheets with excellent performance have greatly expanded their applications. This review summarized the construction methods of tissue engineered cell sheet and discussed the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
Temperature ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds

No abstract available.
Dental Implants* ; Tissue Engineering*

No abstract available.
Cartilage ; Tissue Engineering

No abstract available.
Otolaryngology ; Tissue Engineering

No abstract available.
Stem Cells* ; Tissue Engineering*

No abstract available.
Regenerative Medicine* ; Tissue Engineering*

No abstract available.
Stem Cells* ; Tissue Engineering* ; Urology*