No abstract available.
Specialization*

The Korean Urological Association analysed the difficulty index, discriminating index and response distribution for the test items of the selection type of Korean Urological Board Examination which we re undergone during last 3 years and considered the countermeasures. All test items were consisted only with the One Best Response type and Multiple True False type. So two types of test items were compared with the above mentioned methods. The results were as follows : 1. The difficulty index and the response distribution were improved more and more every years. 2. The discriminating index were become worse and worse every years. 3. The question of Multiple True False type were more good in all 3-test items analysis methods compared One Best Response Type. 4. Every year the best question in the desirable range of all 3-test items analysis methods were only 5 items and about 15 test items were located in the acceptable range. The Korean Urological Association considered the counterplans which were the necessity of test item analysis for each category of specification table, recording of response distribution on the banking cards and growing of specialist for the board examination.
Specialization ; Urology*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Specialization*

Medicine ; Specialization

Introduction: Specialists constitute a major ‘driving force’ and catalyst for growth of research in their speciality. A clearer understanding is required as to what motivates their participation in research as well as the barriers they faced. This research aims to study the attitudes, barriers and facilitators faced by specialists and to identify strategies to promote and sustain research activities in their hospitals. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey using selfadministered questionnaires was conducted among all specialists working in government specialist hospitals in the northern states of Malaysia. Results: Out of 733 questionnaires distributed, 467 were returned giving a response rate of 63.7%. Ninety-nine percent of the respondents believed that research benefits patients while 93.3% think research helps in their professional development. However, 34.8% think that under their present working conditions, it is unlikely they will participate in research. The major barriers identified were lack of funds for research (81%); lack access to expertise, software or statistical analysis (78.4%); interference with daily work schedule (75.1%) and inconsistent manpower in their department (74.2%). There are three barriers with statistically significant difference between hospitals with CRC compared to hospitals without CRC; lack of funds, mentors and access to expertise, software or statistical analysis. The demographic factors, attitudes and barriers contributing to involvement in research also investigated. The main facilitators for the conduct of research are potential to benefit patients and potential for professional development. Conclusion: Taking note of the findings, the Ministry of Health can implement appropriate strategies to improve specialist participation in research.
Specialization ; Attitude

No abstract available.
Education, Professional* ; Specialization*

Residency training is the most important postgraduate medical training of which the purpose is to cultivate a good qualified specialist. The requisite for good qualification is dependent on the need of the nation and the residency training program can be varied from country to country. To make good qualified specialists, not only the establishment of a good training program but also the appropriate evaluation of training facilities and supports of hospitals and the level of achievement of individual trainee is the key element. For the good training and the appropriate evaluation, the role of program director cannot be overemphasized. The system for the program director must be introduced together with training program renewal. Within a couple of years, the Korean Association of Medical Science and 26 Korean Associations of specialties will reform residency training program and establish evaluation tools to train a good qualified specialist.
Education* ; Internship and Residency* ; Specialization

No abstract available.
Education, Medical* ; Specialization

The purpose of this study was to explore the differentiation of common personality profiles and defense mechanisms between medicine and surgery specialist groups. The authors evaluated the defense mechanisms of the specialist by using Ewha Defense Mechanisms Test. The authors compared the defense mechanisms between two groups(medicine and surgery specialist groups) who are employed Soonchunhyang university hospital at 2000. First, There were significant differences in mean scores of the defense mechanisms ratings. For the surgery groups, projection and show-off were significantly higher than in the medicine group, and for the medicine groups, altruism was significantly higher than surgery groups. Second, Compared of maturity level between two groups, the medicine group used mature defense significantly. Third, We compared of major defense mechanisms between two groups. Surgery groups used show-off as a major defense mechanisms in significantly higher frequency than the medicine groups. This results were reflect that surgery group have property of apprentice system and dramatical therapeutic approach. The results seem to be useful in understanding specialist's optimal character for specific specialities that were selected by evaluating the differences of the common characteristics and coping mechanisms of each specialty group.
Altruism ; Defense Mechanisms* ; Specialization*

The purpose of this study was to analyze information about food and nutrition topics presented throughout the television broadcast media, thereby suggest the optimal communication method to give right information to the general public. To perform this study, total sixteen monitoring people were recruited and trained through monitoring practice before and during the study. Five domestic TV channels were selected to be monitored, for six months. For the best efficiency, all the monitoring people were divided into 8 teams based on the regional consideration. The statistical analysis of data was completed using SAS program. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the total reporting cases of information about foods and nutrition were 237 , among which about 30% was classified as appropriate and 70% as inappropriate based on the trained monitors' evaluation. Second, the analysis of contents about incorrect informations showed that the insufficient descriptions of terminology and contents were the highest. And insufficient scientific evidences, incorrect contents excessively entertainment-oriented, no provision of alternatives , improper selection of expert advisors were followed. These results suggest that systematical monitoring should be continued to reduce the frequency of incorrect communication thereby give the right information in food and nutrition area to the general public. And there should be a closely cooperated system to provide the professional information to broadcasting production team by establishing the strategic program. In order to do that, most importantly the advisory team should be organized to professionally connect mass media to corresponding specialists. In addition, more educational programs about food and nutrition should be developed to provide right information to the general public.
Mass Media* ; Specialization ; Television*