With the progress of science and technology and the increase of clinical demand, medical robots have developed rapidly and played a important role in promoting the medical cause. Service robot is a branch of medical robot, which is mainly oriented to medical service and assistance needs, and has been applied in many medical scenarios and achieved demonstration effects. This research first describes the development of medical service robots, and then summarizes the key technologies and clinical applications of robots. Finally, it points out the challenges and directions that medical service robots face at present, and puts forward prospects for their further development in the medical field.
Robotics ; Technology

The neural stimulator is a core component of animal robots. While the control effect of animal robots is influenced by various factors, the performance of the neural stimulator plays a decisive role in regulating animal robots. In order to optimize animal robots, embedded neural stimulators had been developed using flexible printed circuit board technology. This innovation not only enabled the stimulator to generate parameter-adjustable biphasic current pulses through control signals, but also optimized its carrying mode, material, and size, overcoming the disadvantages of traditional backpack or head-inserted stimulators, which have poor concealment and are prone to infection. Static, in vitro, and in vivo performance tests of the stimulator demonstrated that it not only had precise pulse waveform output capability, but also was lightweight and small in size. It had excellent in vivo performance in both laboratory and outdoor environments. Our study has high practical significance for the application of animal robots.
Animals ; Robotics

A general review is here presented on the development, composition, existing problems and prospects of telerobotic laparoscopic surgery systems, based on the related literatures and informations in recent years.
Laparoscopy ; methods ; Robotics ; methods

During the last decade, robotic surgery for rectal cancer has rapidly gained acceptance among colorectal surgeons worldwide, with well-established safety and feasibility. The lower conversion rate and better surgical specimen quality of robotic compared with laparoscopic surgery potentially improves survival. Earlier recovery of voiding and sexual function after robotic total mesorectal excision is another favorable outcome. Long-term survival data are sparse with no evidence that robotic surgery offers major benefits in oncological outcomes. Although initial reports are promising, more rigorous scientific evaluation in multicenter, randomized clinical trials should be performed to definitely determine the advantages of robotic rectal cancer surgery.
Laparoscopy ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Robotics

Intelligent and precision medical treatment is the future development trend of surgical operations. We proposed a core architecture of orthopedic robots with human-like thinking based on the growing demand for orthopedic robots and disadvantages of current robots, it consists of brain, eyes and hands three modules according to functions. The architecture design is extremely in line with the doctor's logic so that the work process of the orthopedic robot is similar to the process of traditional surgery which is mainly done by the doctor's brain-eye-hand coordination. It realizes the digitization of the doctor's thinking, the immediacy and visualization of surgical information and the accuracy of surgical operation process. The clinical application proved that the orthopedic robot has the advantages of higher accuracy, less radiation and shorter operation time, which can be further promoted clinically.
Hand ; Humans ; Robotics

Robotically assisted microsurgery or telemicrosurgery is a new technique using robotic telemanipulators. This allows for the addition of optical magnification (which defines conventional microsurgery) to robotic instrument arms to allow the microsurgeon to perform complex microsurgical procedures. There are several possible applications for this platform in various microsurgical disciplines. Since 2009, basic skills training courses have been organized by the Robotic Assisted Microsurgical and Endoscopic Society. These basic courses are performed on training models in five levels of increasing complexity. This paper reviews the current state of the art in robotically asisted microsurgical training.
Arm ; Computer Simulation ; Microsurgery ; Robotics

The concept of bacteria-based microrobot has been well recognized. It has shown great advantages and potentials for the early diagnosis and early treatment of malignant tumor and in reducing chemotherapy toxicities. In this article we review the concept,structure,and potential clinical applications of bacteria-based microrobot.
Bacteria ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Robotics

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a very rare mesenchymal tumor most commonly found in the pelvic and perineal regions. For the complete excision of retrorectal tumors, with extension through the levator muscle into the ischioanal space, open anterior and posterior approaches are typically required. Herein, we report our experience with robotic excision of a giant presacral AA with extralevator extension into the ischioanal space and extraction via Pfannenstiel incision, which we found to be technically feasible, efficacious, and safe to perform. Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board exemption status was obtained for this study.
Ethics Committees, Research ; Myxoma* ; Robotics

Aiming at the medical service robot used in the indoor environment, this study proposes a method to test the pose accuracy of its working surface based on the binocular vision system. This method uses a binocular vision coordinate system to measure targets fixed on the working surface of the service robot, aligns the measurement system with the robot base coordinate system through the nonlinear least squares method, and integrates the multi-eye image data to achieve the accuracy test of the working surface. Finally, the vision test program was tested and verified on a mobile service robot model ABIR X8. According to the accuracy index given in GB/T 38124 Service Robot Performance Test Method, the test results of its pose accuracy were obtained.
Optical Devices ; Robotics ; Vision, Binocular

The development of science and technology and the increasing demand of rehabilitation have driven the integration between artificial intelligence and rehabilitation medicine.In this study,statistical methods,document visualization tools,and other analysis methods were used in the Citespace software to analyze China's research status of artificial intelligence in the field of rehabilitation medicine with the key words of co-occurrence,emergence,and clustering.The relevant research hot spots were then classified and expounded.The results demonstrated that the current hot spots of artificial intelligence related to rehabilitation medicine included robots,brain-computer interfaces,human-computer interaction,and motor imagery.According to the clustering of key words and literature analysis,the five themes of artificial intelligence in rehabilitation medicine were determined as robot,brain-computer interface,intelligent rehabilitation training system,human-computer interaction,and assisted diagnosis and remote rehabilitation.Robotics and human-computer interaction would still be the research hot spots in the long future,and brain-computer interfaces,motor imagery,and remote rehabilitation would be new ones.This study analyzed the current hot spots,predicted the development trends,discussed the limitations,and proposed suggestions,aiming to provide reference for other scholars focusing on the application of artificial intelligence in rehabilitation medicine.
Artificial Intelligence ; China ; Humans ; Robotics