OBJECTIVETo investigate the etiology and individualized treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in young adult men.

METHODSIncluded in the investigation were 110 young adult men with ED, at the mean age of 28 (ranging from 22 to 39) and with the average disease course of 24 months (ranging from 6 to 48). The etiology of ED was determined for each patient by history inquiry, medical examination, laboratory investigation and erectile function test, and then individualized therapies were administered accordingly.

RESULTSOf all the diagnosed cases of ED, 42 (38.2%) were psychogenic, 36 (32.7%) organic and 32 (29.1%) of the mixed type. Four cases of schizophrenia were transferred elsewhere, 4 pelvic fracture induced cases gave up treatment, and the other 102 received individualized therapies, with the average effectiveness rate of 88.2%.

CONCLUSIONDetermination of the etiology of ED and the corresponding individualized treatment is the linchpin for improving the therapeutic effect of ED in young adult men.

Adult ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Erectile Dysfunction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The effects of short-term constraint-induced movement (CIM) therapy on the activation of the motor network were investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Movement of the less-affected arms of five patients was restricted and intensive training of the affected upper limb was performed. Functional MRI was acquired before and after two-weeks of CIM therapy. All patients showed significant improvement of motor function in their paretic limbs after CIM therapy. For three patients, new activation in the contralateral motor/premotor cortices was observed after CIM therapy. Increased activation of the ipsilateral motor cortex and SMA was observed in the other patient. Our results demonstrated that plastic changes of the motor network occurred as a neural basis of the improvement subsequent to CIM therapy following brain injury.
Adult ; Cerebrovascular Accident/physiopathology/*rehabilitation/*therapy ; Human ; Middle Aged ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Movement ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; *Physical Therapy Techniques ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Cognition and pain share common neural substrates and interact reciprocally: chronic pain compromises cognitive performance, whereas cognitive processes modulate pain perception. In the present study, we established a non-drug-dependent rat model of context-based analgesia, where two different contexts (dark and bright) were matched with a high (52°C) or low (48°C) temperature in the hot-plate test during training. Before and after training, we set the temperature to the high level in both contexts. Rats showed longer paw licking latencies in trials with the context originally matched to a low temperature than those to a high temperature, indicating successful establishment of a context-based analgesic effect in rats. This effect was blocked by intraperitoneal injection of naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist) before the probe. The context-based analgesic effect also disappeared after optogenetic activation or inhibition of the bilateral infralimbic or prelimbic sub-region of the prefrontal cortex. In brief, we established a context-based, non-drug dependent, placebo-like analgesia model in the rat. This model provides a new and useful tool for investigating the cognitive modulation of pain.
Action Potentials ; drug effects ; physiology ; Analgesics ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Naloxone ; pharmacology ; Narcotic Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Optogenetics ; Pain ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Pain Measurement ; drug effects ; Pain Threshold ; drug effects ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Physical Stimulation ; Prefrontal Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pyramidal Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors