Increase of microvascular permeability is one of the most important pathological events in the pathogenesis of trauma and burn injury. Massive leakage of fluid from vascular space leads to lose of blood plasma and decrease of effective circulatory blood volume, resulting in formation of severe tissue edema, hypotension or even shock, especially in severe burn injury. Fluid resuscitation has been the only valid approach to sustain patient's blood volume for a long time, due to the lack of overall and profound understanding of the mechanisms of vascular hyperpermeability response. There is an emerging concept in recent years that some so-called barrier stabilizing mediators play a positive role in preventing the increase of vascular permeability. These mediators may be released in response to proinflammatory mediators and serve to restore endothelial barrier function. Some of these stabilizing mediators are important even in quiescent state because they preserve basal vascular permeability at low levels. This review introduces some of these mediators and reveals their underlying signaling mechanisms during endothelial barrier enhancing process.
Burns ; Capillary Permeability ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Permeability

BACKGROUND: Many studies in severe acute pancreatitis have demonstrated an increase in intestinal permeability, but not in mild acute pancreatitis. The current methods to measure intestinal permeability need much time and also laborious work. Therefore, we investigate the changes of intestinal permeability in patients with mild acute pancreatis and clinical predictive factor for the intestinal permeability in patients with acute pancreatitis. METHODS: The intestinal permeability were measured in 14 normal heathy controls, 41 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (alcoholic 14, biliary 12, idiopathic 15) by measuring 24 hour urine excretion of 51Cr-EDTA (51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) for evaluation of the gut barrier dysfunction. We compared the intestinal permeability with clinical characteristics of patients. RESULTS: The intestinal permeability was significantly increased in patients with mild acute pancreatitis (6.01+/-4.11%, p<0.001) versus control subjects (1.86+/-0.52%). There was no significant difference in the intestinal permeability among the patients with alcoholic, biliary and idiopathic pancreatitis. The correlation was not found between intestinal permeability and clinical characteristics in patients with mild acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: The intestinal permeability is increased in patients with mild acute pancreatitis regardless of etiology of pancreatitis. The predictive factor for gut barrier dysfunction is not detected in patients with mild acute pancreatitis.
Alcoholics ; Humans ; Pancreatitis* ; Permeability*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the endothelial function of cornea preserved in newly developing korean corneal storage media (CS002, CS003) by estimating the permeability of corneal endothelium and the change of corneal thickness. METHODS: The cornea were divided into six experimental groups - fresh group immediately after enucleation, 4degrees Cmoist chamber group preserved for 24 hours and 48 hours, Optisol & CS002 group for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, and Likorol & CS003 group for 7, 10, and 14 days after enucleation, and then corneal endothelial permeability(Pac) was measured using carboxyfluorescein solution. Corneal thickness was measured using pachymeter(fine focus adjustment) of the specular microscope. RESULTS: Corneal endothelial Pac (x1 0(- 4) cm/min) was 3.64+/-0.33 in fresh group, 4.79+/-0.28 in 4degrees Cmoist chamber group for 24 hours. Each endothelial Pac of CS002 group at 5 and 7 days was 5.81+/-0.55 and 5.65+/-0.58, which were different with 4degrees Cmoist chamber preservation group for 24 hours(p<0.05) but not different with Optisol groups at same days. Each endothelial Pac of CS003 group at 7, 10, and 14 days was 4.34+/-0.34, 4.66+/-0.59, and 4.66+/-0.27, which were not different from those of Likorol. Each corneal thickness of CS002 and Optisol group at 7days was 417.80+/-19.37 mu m and 421.00+/-19.75mu m, which were resemble increment. Corneal thickness was 426.75+/-22.43mu m in CS003 group and 476.00+/- 40.08mu m in Likorol group at 7days. There was statistical difference between the two group(P<0.05), and this difference was sustained for 14days (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the effect on corneal endothelial permeability between korean corneal storage media such as CS002 and CS003, and that of previous corneal storage media such as Optisol and Likorol. Corneal thickness of cornea preserved in korean corneal storage media was thinner than that of Likorol.
Cornea* ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Permeability

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Humans ; Permeability*

Nephrotic syndrome results in a prolonged, heavy increase in glomerular permeability to proteins. Nephrotic syndrome caused by malignant neoplasms accounts for 7.9% to 10.9%. Nephrotic syndrome can improve following resection of gastric malignancies. However, the relationship between early gastric cancer and nephrotic syndrome has not been elucidated. We report a case of early gastric cancer with nephrotic syndrome that improved after resection of the primary gastric lesion by endoscopic submucosal dissection.
Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Permeability ; Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Permeability* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of a new Single step system with different curing mode composites, and to evaluate the effect of the intermediate resins which have different hydrophilicity on bonding ability by means of the micro shear bond testing and TEM examination for the adhesive interface. The adhesive used in this study was an experimental single step system (Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL). Experimental groups were produced by using six kinds of intermediate resin having different hydrophilicity that was hydrophilic, hydrophobic and most hydrophobic resin and as filled or not after applying adhesive. Each experimental group was further divided into two subgroups whether the adhesive was light cured or not. Dual cured composite (Bis Core, Bisco Ltd., Schaumburg, IL) was placed on the adhesive layer as light cure or self cure mode. The results of bond strength were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA and multiple comparisons are made using Tukey's test at alpha < 0.05 level. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The application of intermediate resin did not increase the bond strength for light cured composite. 2. The bond strength of an experimental adhesive with self cured composite was significantly increased by the application of intermediate resin layer. 3. The bond strength of adhesive was irrespective of the cure or not of itself before intermediate resin layer applied. 4. As applied hydrophilic resin layer was, the initial bond strength was higher than both hydrophobic and most hydrophobic one used but there was no significance. Using a single step adhesive with dual/self cured composite, the incompatibility between both of them should be solved by the application of intermediate hydrophobic resin to reduce the adhesive permeability. However, Single step adhesive can be used in the light cured composite restoration without any decrease of the initial bond strength.
Adhesives* ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions* ; Permeability

No abstract available.
Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Membranes* ; Permeability*

To investigate if excimer laser ablation of the corneal stroma affect the Barrier function of the corneal endothelial cells and to establish the depth Of excimer laser ablation that will not impair endothelial barrier.
Corneal Stroma ; Endothelial Cells ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Permeability*

OBJECTIVETo compare the properties of water-absorption, water-locking, and air permeability among several foam dressings, and to provide references for clinician in choosing dressings for different types of wounds.

METHODSThe comparison was made among Allevyn foam dressing, Mepilex foam dressing, and Biatain foam dressing that were commonly used in clinic. NaCl and CaCl2·H2O respectively in the weight of 8.3 g and 0.367 g were diluted with distilled water to the volume of 1 L to simulate wound exudation. The simulated wound exudation was used to test the water-absorbing rate of dressings at post immersion hour (PIH) 24, water-absorbing speed of dressings at post immersion minute (PIM) 1, 5, 10, and 20, the diffusion diameter of exudation dripped on the surface of dressings for 5 min to reflect the water-locking capacity of dressings, and the water evaporation capacity of exudation after being sealed up by dressings for 24 h to reflect the air permeability of dressings. Five samples of each dressing were used for each index. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and analysis of variance of repeated measurement, and LSD method was applied in paired comparison.

RESULTS(1) The water-absorbing rate at PIH 24 of Allevyn foam dressing, Mepilex foam dressing, and Biatain foam dressing were respectively (646 ± 18)%, (616 ± 19)%, and (499 ± 11)% (F = 423.854, P < 0.01). The differences between each two dressings in water-absorbing rate were statistically significant (with P values all below 0.01). (2) The water-absorbing speed of Allevyn foam dressing at PIM 1, 5, 10, and 20 were (35.20 ± 2.31), (12.48 ± 0.37), (6.63 ± 0.23), and (3.39 ± 0.08) g×s(-1)×m(-2), which were obviously lower than those of Mepilex foam dressing [(119.68 ± 2.59), (24.39 ± 0.62), (12.33 ± 0.29), and (6.18 ± 0.13) g×s(-1)×m(-2)] and Biatain foam dressing [(121.09 ± 3.41), (24.73 ± 0.52), (12.37 ± 0.25), (6.18 ± 0.13) g×s(-1)×m(-2)], with P values all below 0.01. The water-absorbing speed of each dressing showed the trend of declination among three dressings with prolongation of time. The differences between two adjacent time points within each dressing in water-absorbing speed were statistically significant (with P values below 0.01). (3) Diffusion diameters of exudation dripped on the surface of Allevyn foam dressing, Mepilex foam dressing, and Biatain foam dressing were respectively (5.66 ± 0.15), (4.84 ± 0.15), (3.94 ± 0.21) cm (F = 124.742, P < 0.01). The differences between each two of the three dressings in diffusion diameter were statistically significant (with P values all below 0.01). (4) The water evaporation capacity of exudation after being sealed up by each dressing for 24 h decreased in succession for Allevyn foam dressing, Mepilex foam dressing, and Biatain foam dressing, which were respectively (31.2 ± 3.1), (29.7 ± 8.7), (5.6 ± 2.8) g×h(-1)×m(-2) (F = 24.324, P < 0.01). The water evaporation capacity of exudation sealed with Biatain foam dressing was significantly lower than that of exudation sealed with Allevyn foam dressing and Mepilex foam dressing (with P values below 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAmong the three kinds of foam dressings, Allevyn performs best in water-absorbing rate, water-locking capacity, and air permeability, while Mepilex and Biatain perform best in water-absorbing speed. For selecting foam dressing in clinic, the properties of foam dressings and wound characteristics should be considered at the same time.