PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a stress management program on Job Stress in culinary staff at a Hotel. METHOD: This was a quasi-experimental study using non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 52 culinary staff members(head culinary, first culinary) working at a S hotel.(25 in the experimental group, 27 in the control group) The experimental group was provided with an individual counseling program for 12 weeks and 30 min/week. The control group was provided with booklets. Data were analyzed with SAS Program using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The stress management program was effective to improve job stressors and especially to relax interpersonal conflict among the sub-factors of job stress based on the results mentioned above. CONCLUSION: This program was effective in reducing job stress. However, further studies are required to measure persistent and long-term effects through the application of the program, which is specifically designed for reduce to job stress, for over 12 weeks.
Counseling ; Pamphlets

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of teachers to the learning objectives (specific behavioral objectives, SBO) of their own specialty subjects at real educational situation and also to examine how and when teachers use the SBO. A questionnaire was constructed through a series of discussion at the task force meetings. Opinions from the members were gathered and a list of 21 items of question was generated and finally rephrased each question item to make 20 closed-type and 1 open-type questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered to all the faculties who have been engaged in teaching a subject of basic medical sciences. Although the response rate of the questionnaire was 43%, fairly even distribution of rank proportion of responded faculties were analyzed that could give strong convince of acceptable level of the results. The analysis showed that most of the faculties have fairly high perceptions to the necessity of SBO in teaching situations, while only 25% of thorn administered the SBO to their students. About 33% of the responded faculties construct SBO individually, and 25% have joined to a group work in their own department. A booklet, "Specific Behavioral Objectives in Basic Medical Sciences", has been well known and 85% of them used the booklet as a reference to make their own SBO. 65% of the faculties keep the booklets and the remaining groups answered that they don't have it although some of them have been seen it before.
Advisory Committees ; Humans ; Learning ; Pamphlets ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this research was to develop risk communication (RC) strategy and educational web-site on food additives for elementary students and their parents to improve their perception on food additives and dietary life. First of all, a survey was conducted from 1,200 elementary children and their parents to diagnose the perception and information needs on food additives. The survey revealed that most children and their parents did not have enough knowledge on food additives and demanded the safety information on food additives. Second, previous researches on food communication were analyzed to develop a risk communication model, and it was directly applied in this study. Third, a web site (www.foodnara.go.kr/foodaddy) was developed to upload the education materials along with up-to-date information and classroom activities for teachers on food additives. Fourth, the developed homepage was evaluated by applying to about 100 children and parents each, and majority of them showed high levels of understanding (children 85.7%, parents 79%) and satisfaction (children 77.2%, parents 64%), and the effect of getting over the prejudice against food additives was observed. The RC model developed in this study could be applied to any food risk communication, and the content and materials in this web site including booklets, animations, and quiz could be used effectively to promote the communication on food additives. In the future, it will be necessary to advertise the web site to be utilized by various consumer levels and to update the contents continuously by developing consumer-friendly communication materials.
Child ; Food Additives ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Parents ; Prejudice

In this study, in order to survey the effect on public recognition in malocclusion and orthodontic treatment by brochures made by Korean orthodontic association, sample were divided into control and experimental group and a questionnaire was inguired and the results were as follows: 1. In the experimental group, frequency of recognition for the need of orthodontic treatment was high, and this indicates dental health behavior and recognition can be inspired by adequate giving of information. 2. Between the control and the experimental group, patterns of the negative opinion was different, and especially the demand for specific orthodontic treatment can be influenced by the content of brochures. 3. The brochures used in this study can call attention to develop the orthodontic aspect for the malocclusion, hereafter more systemic and active measures for development of public dental behavior and recognition should be needed.
Health Behavior ; Malocclusion* ; Pamphlets ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress pattern in different bone densities surrounding fin-type implant fixtures under the vertical and inclined loads (30 ) of 200N. Von-Mises stress, the pricipal stress, and the displacement on the implant fixtures under the loads were calculated by using the finite element method. Four different types of bicon implant fixture were used for this study. The geometries of implant fixtures to develop the model were used by a sales brochure and profile project. Three-dimensional finite element model of the mandible was developed with 6.0 mm implant in diameter wurrounded by approximately 2.5 mm of bone. Bone densities were classified according to the elastic modulus of the tree. The finite element program MSC PATRAN (MSC, Software Corp., USA) were used for analysis of stress distribution. The value of the Von-Mises stress, the pricipal stress, and the displacement on the implant fixtures under the vertical and inclined loads were decreased when the diameter of implant fixture was increased, and increased when the elastic modulus was decreased. The stress on implant fixture under the vertical and inclined loads was distributed through the length of implant fixtures in D3 and D4. The distribution of stress was influenced by the direction of loads. In the wide diameter of implants, the stress was developed at outer surface of bone. In conclusion, this study suggest that stress developing on the peri-implant tissues might be influenced by the dimension of implant, elastic modulus of bone, and direction of loads.
Bone Density ; Commerce ; Elastic Modulus ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Mandible ; Pamphlets

Cognitive decline in dementia patients causes impairment in daily activities as well as occupational or social activities, which results in frustration and anxiety for the patients themselves. Furthermore, from the caregivers' perspective, patients' cognitive decline and abnormal behaviors cause physical, emotional, financial, and social burdens. Most caregivers who visit a medical center need to be counseled in order to reduce these caregiver burdens and to provide better care for the patients. No fixed rules exist for taking care of dementia patients. Rather, coping strategies most ofter should be individualized according to the severity and type of dementia as well as the socioeconomic situation of the patients and caregivers. Therefore, I herein describe a general guideline on caregiving for dementia patients, which was based on the literature review and personal experiences from counseling in a dementia clinic. This guideline may be of help to medical staff in providing counsel to caregivers as well as in preparing their own brochures for caregivers.
Anxiety ; Caregivers ; Counseling ; Dementia* ; Frustration ; Humans ; Medical Staff ; Pamphlets

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate nutrition education media for breast cancer. The booklet was developed and consisted of breast cancer and diet, breast cancer and nutrition, breast cancer and food safety and Ingredients and recipes for breast cancer. The questionnaire requested information related to demographics, importance and satisfaction of evaluation for nutrition education media, evaluation of each chapter, and satisfaction of educational media. The data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows (version 12.0). The results were summarized as follows. The importance score for nutrition education media was higher than the satisfaction score. As a result of IPA analysis, quadrant I included 'comprehension', 'appropriateness of media', 'emphasis of the point'. Quadrant II classified with 'appropriateness of terms', 'interest', 'authenticity', 'appropriateness of illustrations'. Quadrant III included 'appropriateness of color and calligraphy', 'simplicity'. Quadrant IV classified with 'appropriateness of examples', 'concreteness'.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Demography ; Diet ; Food Safety ; Pamphlets

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Complete information on migraine-related disabilities facilitate the making of appropriate treatment decisions. Although the accessibility and ease of use of the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) make it a very promising instrument, there are few data available for comparing HIT-6 scores with the actual amount of disability. METHODS: To determine whether the disability measured using the HIT-6 questionnaire realistically reflects the amount of disability as extracted from a headache diary, which would help when deciding a management plan, 130 patients with migraine without aura were instructed to complete a headache diary on the days on which headache occurred. Each diary booklet also contained questions on the resulting disability, and comprised five items originating from the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale. After submitting their diaries, the participants completed the HIT-6 for the same time period. RESULTS: Disability as recorded in diaries was present for a mean of 2.7 days per month, and its duration differed significantly with HIT-6 score: 0.9, 2.6, and 4.6 days per month for littleto-no impact, moderate impact, and severe impact, respectively. The summed disability score from diaries was also related to the HIT-6 score. Headache frequency was the only headache characteristic that contributed significantly to the HIT-6 score. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that the HIT-6 could be useful for assessing headache-related disability in migraine patients, especially given that the questionnaire is both simple and ease of use.
Headache ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders ; Migraine without Aura ; Pamphlets ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to identify the effect of providing information on anxiety, knowledge and compliance in permanent pacemaker patients. METHOD: A quasi experimental design with non-equivalent control group and non-synchronized design was used. The subjects of this study were 50 patients who had received permanent pacemaker implantation at a university hospital in Seoul. They were divided into an experimental group of 22 patients who received education and a control group of 28 patients. The education was composed of group education(twice) and individualized reinforcement education(once) using an education booklet. RESULTS: Anxiety decreased in the experimental group. Knowledge significantly increased in the experimental group compared to that in the control group. Compliance significantly increased in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that providing information is effective for reducing anxiety, increasing knowledge and improving compliance of the permanent pacemaker patients.
Anxiety* ; Compliance* ; Education ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Research Design ; Seoul

The purpose of this study was to develop a nutrition education program for dietary salt reduction using various nutrition education materials. The effect of a 5-week nutrition education program on salty taste assessment, nutrition knowledge, salt attitude for a high-salt diet, salt content in food, and individual satisfaction with the salt concentration of meals during the education period was evaluated. Nutrition education materials included two animations, a pamphlet, panels, and a website, as well as other training resources. Subjects participating in this study were 335 employees (164 male, 171 female) at 15 foodservice operations in Daegu. Preference for higher levels of salty taste and food containing higher amounts of salt were lowered. Knowledge regarding the necessity for dietary salt reduction was higher (p < 0.001) than before nutrition education, and salt content in a meal was reduced. As the program progressed, average salt concentrations of soups were significantly lowered (p < 0.05), and there was greater satisfaction with the lower concentration (p < 0.001). This was a positive indication of the program's success. In addition, it was found that subjects who participated in the program several times have changed their preference to lower levels of salty taste and have increased their nutrition knowledge (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). Thus, the positive effect of this 5-week nutrition education program developed for, and applied to, foodservice employees, concerning dietary salt reduction was confirmed.
Diet ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Nutrition Assessment ; Pamphlets ; Sodium