Fibrous dysplasia is a skeletal developmental anomaly of the bone-forming mesenchyme that manifests as a defect in osteoblastic differentiation and maturation. It is a nonhereditary disorder of unknown cause. In fibrous dysplasia, the medullary bone is replaced by fibrous tissue, which appears various imaging findings. It is usually an incidental finding, generally not requiring further investigation. However, fibrous dysplasia may be complicated by pathologic fracture, and rarely by malignant degeneration. We present the image findings of a 44-year-old man who had a chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising from polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in the femur. Evidence of cortical destruction on plain radiography and soft tissue mass in the lesion on MR images suggested a tumor of malignant transformation.
Adult ; Chondrocytes ; Femur ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic* ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Mesoderm ; Osteoblasts ; Osteosarcoma* ; Radiography

radiography and histopathologic findings of sixteen cases of fibro-osseous lesions, we could elucidate diagnostic aids for treatment of benign FO lesion in jaws. Six patients involving fibrous dysplasia complained the facial swelling and facial asymmetry. The radiographic features of the lesions showed ground-glass radiopacity mostly and the histologic findings showed typically Chinese character-shaped trabeculae without osteoblastic rimming in the fibrous stroma. Six patients with ossifying fibroma were notified as swollen buccal cheek state. Their radiographic findings showed cortical expanded radiolucent lesion with sclerotic defined border, which was contrast to the normal adjacent bone. The lesions showed variant radiolucent lesions. Histological findings were revealed as cellular fibrous stroma with woven bones, variable patterns of calcifications. Three patients with cemental dysplasia didn't have specific complaints. Well circumscribed radiopaque lesions on mandibular molar area were observed. Cementum-like ossicles with fibrous stroma were found on microscopic findings. A osteoblastoma case with jaw pain was found. The radiographic feature was a mottled, dense radiopacity with osteolytic border on mandibular molar area. Under microscopy trabecule of osteoid with vascular network were predominantly found. Numerous osteoblast cells with woven bone were found. These clinical, radiographic and microscopic findings of benign fibrous-osseous lesions would suggest diagnostic criteria for each entity of FO lesions.]]>
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cheek ; Facial Asymmetry ; Fibroma, Ossifying ; Humans ; Jaw ; Microscopy ; Molar ; Osteoblastoma ; Osteoblasts ; Radiography

We report an unusual case of osteoblastic metastasis from gastric carcinoma. In this case, bone metastasis was the initial manifestation of the cancer. The laboratory findings revealed mild hypocalcemia and markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. Plain X-ray showed mottled osteoblastic changes in the pelvis. Bone marrow and bone biopsy of the pelvis revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma with increased osteoblastic activity. An extensive search for the primary site revealed advanced gastric carcinoma, which was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy.
Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis/*secondary ; Adult ; Bone Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/*secondary ; Case Report ; Female ; Human ; *Osteoblasts/radiography ; *Pelvis/radiography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Stomach Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We report an unusual case of osteoblastic metastasis from gastric carcinoma. In this case, bone metastasis was the initial manifestation of the cancer. The laboratory findings revealed mild hypocalcemia and markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. Plain X-ray showed mottled osteoblastic changes in the pelvis. Bone marrow and bone biopsy of the pelvis revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma with increased osteoblastic activity. An extensive search for the primary site revealed advanced gastric carcinoma, which was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy.
Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis/*secondary ; Adult ; Bone Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/*secondary ; Case Report ; Female ; Human ; *Osteoblasts/radiography ; *Pelvis/radiography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Stomach Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of osteoporosis on fracture wound healing in the calcium defi cient rat. To research the experiment some ten-week old Wistar strain rats with approximately 300 gms weight were selected. Then , the rats were divided into two groups: Normal diet group(rats given a normal diet before and after bone fracture) and Low calcium diet group(rats given a low calcium diet before and after bone fracture). Both groups had been provided wit h each diet for three weeks. When the rats became thirteen weeks old, the mandibular angle of rats in both groups was ar tificially fractured for test. The healing of fracture wounds was reviewed by using soft x-ray radiography and 99m Tc-MDP bone scan and also histopathologic examination. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The radiolucency of the fracture site for the Normal diet group started to decrease from the 14th day since the expe riment was made, while the Low calcium diet group began decrease in the radiolucency from the 21st day of the experiment . The radiolucency for the normal diet group disappeared at the 42nd day, but one for the Low calcium diet group disappe ared at the 56th day of the experiment. 2. The highest uptake rate of (99m)Tc-MDP stood at the 14th day of the experiment in the Normal diet group and the Low calium diet group's maximum rate was recorded at the 21st day of the experiment. These both groups were gradual ly experiencing decrease in the uptake rate as the experiment time was going on. However, the uptake rate in the Low cal ium diet group was lower than one in the Normal diet group. 3. For the Normal diet group, the newly formed trabecular, which were similar to one of the surrounding bone, were seen at the 42nd day of the experiment. On the other hand, the Low claium diet group showed at the 56th day of the experimen t that the osteoporotic findings looked weak, irregular trabecular, and also large bone marrow space were observed clear ly. As a result of the above experiment, it is said that the healing of the fracture can be completed for both groups, t he Normal diet group and the Low calium diet group. However, the amount of the newly formed bone wound in the Low calciu m diet group is rather decreased compared to one in the normal diet group and at the same time the healing of the fractu re is delayed in the Low calcium diet group. Consequently, for the successful healing of fracture in osteoporosis, it is considered that the management of the etiologic factors of osteoporosis must be preceded. the more study of calcium met abolism and functions of osteoblast and osteoclast needs to proceed on.
Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Calcium* ; Diet ; Hand ; Mandibular Fractures* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteoporosis ; Radiography ; Rats* ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

Many researchers have focused on the role of adipocytes in increasing efficient bone tissue engineering and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Previous reports have not reached a definite consensus on whether adipocytes positively influence in vitro osteogenic differentiation and in vivo bone formation. We investigated the adipocyte influence on osteogenic differentiation from adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and bone formation through histological analysis in vitro and in vivo. Using the direct co-culture system, we analyzed the influence of adipocytes to promote the differentiation fate of ADSCs. Using co-transplantation of ADSC-derived adipocytes and osteoblasts into the dorsal region of mice, the osteogenesis and bone quality were determined by histological morphology, radiography, and the measurement of the Ca²⁺ concentration. The adipocyte negatively affected the osteoblast differentiation of ADSCs in the in vitro system and induced osteogenesis of osteoblasts in the in vivo system through co-transplantation. Interestingly, in the co-transplanted adipocytes and osteoblasts, the bone formation areas decreased in the osteoblast only group compared with the mixed adipocytes and osteoblast group 6 weeks after transplantation. Conversely, co-transplantation and osteoblast transplantation had similar degrees of calcification as observed from radiography analysis and the measurement of the Ca²⁺ concentrations. Our results revealed that adipocytes inhibited osteoblast differentiation in vitro but enhanced the efficacy of osteogenesis in vivo. In addition, the adipocytes controlled the activity of osteoclasts in the newly formed bone tissue. Our approach can be used to reconstruct bone using stem cell-based tissue engineering and to enhance the understanding of the role adipocytes play.
Adipocytes* ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Coculture Techniques* ; Consensus ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Mice* ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Radiography ; Stem Cells ; Stromal Cells ; Tissue Engineering

Granular cell tumor is a relatively uncommon and usually benign neoplasm of the soft tissue. Most cases are benign, and only over 40 cases of malignant granular cell tumors were reported by the presence of metastases in the world literature. A 54-year-old woman with cough, mild exertional dyspnea and abnormal chest radiography was admitted to our hospital. Four years ago, the patient underwent a surgical excision of the mass at the left thigh. The lesion was diagnosed as a granular cell tumor. Chest and abdominal CT scans showed multiple variable sized pulmonary and hepatic nodules. Multiple osteoblastic and osteolytic bone lesions were also noted on chest and abdominal CT scans. Ultrasonography-guided biopsy of the pulmonary and hepatic nodule were done. The histologic examination revealed a tumor growing in nests and sheets. Tumor cells contained abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm which was PAS-positive and resistant to diastase digestion. After histologic examination, we diagnosed as a malignant granular cell tumor. We report a case of malignant granular cell tumor with multiple pulmonary, bone and hepatic metastases.
Amylases ; Biopsy ; Cough ; Cytoplasm ; Digestion ; Dyspnea ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteoblasts ; Radiography ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; Thigh ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Strategies for efficient osteogenic differentiation and bone formation from stem cells would have clinical applications in treating nonunion fracture healing. Many researchers have attempted to develop adjuvants as specific stimulators of bone formation for therapeutic use in patients with bone resorption. Therefore, development of specific stimulators of bone formation has therapeutic significance in the treatment of osteoporosis. To date, investigations of the mature forms of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have focused on regulation of bone generation. However, we previously identified new peptides from the immature precursor of BMP, and further analysis of these proteins should be performed. In this study, we identified a new peptide called bone-forming peptide-2 (BFP-2), which has stronger osteogenic differentiation-promoting activity than BMP-7. BFP-2 treatment of multipotent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) induced expression of active alkaline phosphatase. In addition, BFP-2 enhanced CD44 and CD51 expression levels and increased Ca2+ content in BMSCs. Moreover, radiography at 8 weeks revealed that animals that had received transplants of BFP-2-treated BMSCs showed substantially increased bone formation compared with animals that had received BMSCs treated with BMP-7. Our findings indicate that BFP-2 may be useful in the development of adjuvant therapies for bone-related diseases.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7* ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Bone Resorption ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteogenesis* ; Osteoporosis ; Peptides ; Radiography ; Stem Cells

The objective of this experiment is to observe structural differences in the orthodontic movement of vital (control group) and devitalized (experimental group) teeth in the mongrel dogs. The 5 utilized dogs in this experiment were approximately 1 year of age and their average weight was about 12Kg. Endodontic therapy was performed on the 2nd premolars in upper & lower jaws of each animal under the general anesthesia by intravascular injection of 25mg/Kg of pentobarbital sodium. The canals of the teeth were obturated by using gutta percha in conjunction with root canal sealer (AH26 Densply). One of the roots in the 2nd premolars was hemisected to make an extraction space for the devitalized teeth to be moved. The edgewise technique was employed for the movement of the teeth. Orthodontic models and intraoral roentgenograms were taken before and after orthodontic tooth movement. The open coil springs (.010 x .040) were used at interbraket space in order to provide equal forces (75gm) between the teeth in each arch wire. After 13 weeks of active orthodontic tooth movement, dogs were sacrified and the experimental results were examined through the intraoral radiography, microscopic examination and scanning electromicroscopic examination at the root surface. From the results of the study, the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. The root resorption and cemental deposition were observed within the pressure and tension site in both group. 2. The root resorbed lacunae were observed in the cementum and/or into the dentin in both group. 3. The prominent osteoblastic activities were observed on the alveolar margin in the tension site in both group. 4. A few of blood vessels were observed in the pressure site, but also lots of blood vessels were observed in the tension site especially in the periphery of the alveolar bone in both group. 5. In the pressure site, resorbed lacunae were formed with deep and narrow cavity in the control group; the shallow and wide cavity in the experimental group. 6. In the pressure site, the repaired cementum or cementoid tissue was lined on cementum in the experimental group, but not in the control group. 7. There was no significant difference between external root resorption of endodontically and vital teeth when both were subjected to orthodontic forces.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Bicuspid ; Blood Vessels ; Dental Cementum ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dentin ; Dogs* ; Gutta-Percha ; Jaw ; Osteoblasts ; Pentobarbital ; Radiography ; Root Resorption* ; Tooth Movement* ; Tooth* ; Tooth, Nonvital

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of using natural poritos as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering (TE) and repair of caprine mandibular segmental defect with titanium reticulum reinforced.

METHODSNatural poritos with a pore of 190-230 microm in size and porosity of about 50percent-65percent was molded into the shape of granules 5 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm in size. Expanded autologous caprine marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced by recombinant human morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2) to improve osteoblastic phenotype. Then marrow derived osteoblasts were seeded into poritos in density of 4 x 10(7)/ml and incubated in vitro for 48 hours prior to implantation. Then osteoblastic cells/poritos complexes were implanted into mandibular defect and the defect was reinforced by titanium reticulum. Implantation of poritos alone acted as the control. Bone regeneration was assessed 4, 8, 16 weeks after implantation using roentgenographic analysis and histological observation was done after 16 weeks.

RESULTSNew bone could be observed histologically on the surface and in the pores of natural coral in all specimens in the cell-seeding group, whereas in the control group there was no evidence of osteogenesis process in the center of the construction. The results showed that new bone grafts were successfully restored 16 weeks after implantation.

CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests the feasibility of using porous coral as scaffold material transplanted with marrow derived osteoblasts by TE method. By means of titanium reticulum reinforcement, mandibular defect could be successfully restored. It shows the potentiality of using this method for the reconstruction of bone defect in clinic.

Animals ; Anthozoa ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Chondrogenesis ; Goats ; Mandible ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Mice ; Osteoblasts ; transplantation ; Osteogenesis ; Porosity ; Radiography ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Stents ; Tissue Engineering ; Titanium