Establishing the formulation of 0.1% diclofenac eye drops by making up solution and quantitative by High- Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results: Natri diclofenac eye drop 0.1% mixing with phosphate buffer 0.05M get the most stability at pH=7.5. The percentage of propylene glycol and natrimetabisulfit in the formulation influenced significantly the stability of eye drop solution. The stability increased gradually if the rates of natri metabisulfit antioxygen are 0.1%; 0.2% and 0.3% or there was an increase of propylene glycol with the rate of 0%, 5% and 10%. This preparation is stable at least 5 months at temperature 50oC and protected from light. This preparation may be stable more than 20 months at room conditions 30oC and protected from light
Ophthalmic Solutions ; Diclofenac

The factors selected as an independent variable to study included antioxidant dinatri EDTA and viscosity enhancers PVP. Value of pH and percent of remained tobramycine contents after 3 months with ageing at 500C compared with primary tobramycine were selected as a dependent variable. Experimental model was designed according to model of quadratic equation including 9 formulas. The relationship between independent variables X and dependent variables Y conformed to quadratic regressive equation. Base on preliminary formulas selected, Modde 5.0 software was used to trace experimentally and deal with the results. Optimal formula of tobramycine eye drop 0.3% had stableness over 3 months at 50oC and over 12 months at normal condition
Ophthalmic Solutions ; Tobramycin

The results of study showed no significant differences on the stability of eye drop preparation containing vitamin B5 kept in neutral glass bottle and in PE vial. Light and high temperature make impact on the stability of the preparation so it needs to be kept from light in a cool place. With selected formula, the eye drop containing vitamin B5 kept in PE vial has stability at least 12 months at room conditions
Ophthalmic Solutions ; Pantothenic Acid

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Ophthalmic Solutions*

Study on some influencing factors such as buffer, antioxidant substances to build primary formulation of tobramycin eye drops with stability over 12 months. Result: temperature and light have much influence to the stability of tobramycin and pH contents of eye drops solution. High temperature impacts clearly to the decrease of tobramycin pH and contents. The solution was stable with borate buffer more than phosphate and citrate buffer. Product samples without antioxidant substances have low remained tobramycin contents, about 70% after three months ageing. Dinatri EDTA, natri bisulfit and dinatri EDTA-natri bisulfit combination have significant effect to the stable of tobramycin content. However, dinatri EDTA choice compared with dinatri EDTA-natri bisulfit combination is the same because of dinatri EDTA effect. Dinatri EDTA has better effect to the stable of pH and increase anti-bacteria effect of benzalkonium chloride
Ophthalmic Solutions ; Tobramycin ; Drug Stability

Intraocular pressure(IOP) and side effects of adding Trusopt to beta blockers was studied in 39 eyes of 22 glaucoma patients that was inadequately controlled with beta blockers alone. Routine eye examination and IOP measurement were performed before the additive therapy. Trusopt eye drops were topically applied three times a day with previously used three kinds of beta blockers. IOP was measured at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 month after the combined therapy. Mean IOP was 18.1+/-5.2mmHg before combined therapy; 15.3+/-4.0mmHg after 1week, 15.2+/-3.2mmHg after 1 month and 15.0+/-3.4mmHg after 3 month of therapy. Side effects of combined therapy were bitter taste(20.5%), burning sensation(9.6%) redness(5.1%), discomfort(5.1%), and ocular pain(5.1%). These results indicate that adding Trusopt in patients treated with beta blockers cause a further reduction of IOP that may prove to be clinically useful in glaucoma therapy.
Burns ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of early administration of 5%NaCl on corneal edema induced by intracameral injection of 2%lidocaine. All thirty eyes of 30 rabbits were randomly assigned to one of the six study groups (group A and a, group B and b, group C and c). One of tenth ml of 2%lidocaine was injected intracamerally at right eyes of thirty rabbits. In group A, they were treated with 5% NaCl every 2 hours from 24 hours after the operation. In group B, from 12 hours and in group C, immediately after the operation. In control group a, b, c, they were treated with same method except balanced salt solution instead of 5%NaCl. Central corneal thickness (CCT)was measured before operation and after operation every 6 hours until the three successive records had no demonstrable changes compared to baseline levels. A statistically significant decrease of the CCT was found in group A compared with group a from 78 hours to 138 hours postoperatively. There was a statistically significant decrease of the CCT in the group B compared with that in group b from 42 hours after the operation. Recovery time to the preoperative levels was reduced by 66 hours. There was a statistically significant decrease of the CCT in the group C compared with that in group b from 18 hours after the operation. Recovery time to the preoperative levels was reduced by 84 hours. Early initiation of treatment with 5%NaCl following intracameral injection of 2%lidocaine reduced not only the amount of the corneal edema but also the recovery to the preoperative levels.
Corneal Edema* ; Ophthalmic Solutions* ; Rabbits*

In Korea, demand for autologous serum eye drops (ASEs) is increasing for treatment of severe dry eye diseases. However, since the MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) does not have guidelines for use of ASEs, they are manufactured according to their own protocols by each medical institution. ASEs should be taken with caution to avoid contamination during the manufacturing process since blood must be used as a raw material and must be prepared in an open space. In this paper, we briefly review reports on ASEs and share our experience with the introduction of ASE manufacturing protocols at Severance hospital.
Eye Diseases ; Korea ; Ophthalmic Solutions*

PURPOSE: A filtering system (ABAK system, Thea(R), France) was developed and has been used to prevent the abuse of preservatives and to decrease the complications that may result from them. However, the bacteria filtering effect of the system has not been reported yet. In this study, we attempt to verify its efficacy. METHODS: Staphylococcus epidermidis was diluted to two different concentrations, 10(7) and 10(5) CFU (Colony-Forming-Unit)/ml. To determine the inward-filtering effect of the system (reverse direction), 0.5 ml of each bacterial concentration was aspirated through the ABAK system, and the solutions that filtered through were cultivated. The results were compared with the controls in which the same amounts of bacterial solutions were dropped from a dropper by squeezing the bottle. For the outward-effect (forward direction), 1ml of bacterial solution from each concentration was put into the bottle with a syringe. Solutions were re-collected by filtering them out through the ABAK system by squeezing the bottle and also by aspirating them from the bottle with a syringe. Both solutions were cultivated, and the results were compared. Each test was repeated 5 times. RESULTS: In control solutions that did not pass through the filter, bacteria were cultivated consistently in repeated tests. However, bacteria were not cultivated in solutions that had passed the filter in both concentrations and in both directions. CONCLUSIONS: Filtering systems prevent solutions from contamination, and even if the bottles are polluted with Staphylococcus epidermidis initially, the bacteria would be filtered out. The effectiveness of the filtering systems was also demonstrated in high bacterial concentrations.
Bacteria ; Ophthalmic Solutions* ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Syringes

The questions concerning storage temperature and storage duration of the fortified ophthalmic antibiotic solutions are raised. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the influence of fortified ophthalmic antibiotic solutions on its biological and physical properties according to the storage temperature and duration as time goes by. We examined the changes of pH, absorbance spectra, and anti-microbial activity of cefradine(63mg/ml)and gentamicin sulfate(13.6mg/ml) over a four-week period. The results were as follows: There was no difference between the potency of fortified GM solutions stored at 4 degrees C and that at 24 degrees C for 4 weeks. The cefradine stored 24 degrees C exhibited significant changes in both its tJotency and stability after ithe seventh day of storage. The cefradine stored at 4 degrees C exhibited changes in Its absorbance spectra day by day and potency after 14th day.
Cephradine ; Gentamicins ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ophthalmic Solutions*