No abstract available.
Neoplasm Metastasis*

It is important to predict the prognosis of patient with cancer. Well known parameters predicting the prognosis are staged and degree of differentiation. Recently, the prognostic and diagnostic significance of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions(Ag-NORs) and flow cytometric DNA analysis are introduced. This study aims to detect the diagnostic significance of Ag-NORs in breast lesions, and to correlate the number of Ag-NORs and cellular ploidies in breast carcinoma. In addition, the existence of heterogeneity according to the sample in the same patient is studied Sixty six paraffin blocks(two primary lesions and the two metastatic lymph nodes in 13 patients, and one primary lesion and one metastatic lymph node I 10 patients) of breast carcinoma, 30 paraffin blocks of fibroadenoma and 23 paraffin blocks of normal breast are studied. The numbe of Ag-NORs increase from normal breast(mean 1.45) through fibroadenoma(mean 1.60) to carcinoma(mean 2.43). It was significantly different between each lsions(P<0.0005). The number of Ag-NORs increased in the aneuploidy carcinoma than that in the euploidy one(P<0.05). But, there was difference between the number of Ag-NORs and DNA index according to the sample area in the same patient with carcinoma. In conclusion, the number of Ag-NORs is diagnostically significant in breast lesions and is correlated with cellular ploidies in breast carcinoma. In addition, Ag-NORs and cellular ploidies are heterogenous in the same patient.
Neoplasm Metastasis

Seventy five cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, invasion depth of which was less than 5 mm from the basement membrane, were reviewed during a period of 9 years from 1975 to 1983 at SNUH and investigated clinicopathologically by the following items; 1) lymphnode metastasis 2) vascular invasion 3) recurrence 4) pattern of invasion 5) cell type. Following results were obtained. 1) Lmyphnode metastasis was demonstrated in 4 out of 75 cases (5.3%). One of them had stromal invasion to 1.3 mm and the other three to a depth of 3.1 to 5.0 mm. 2) Vascular invasion was seen in 5 among the cases (6.7%) and well related to the depth of invasion. Vascular invasion did not occur in tumors with 3 mm depth of stromal invasion. 3) Three patients were with recurrence, treated by postoperative radiation. The depth of stromal invasion was over 2 mm in all of them. 4) The pattern of invasion was confluent in 26 out of 28 cases (92%) whose stromal invasion were over 2 mm depth, while only 3 confluency of 27 cases (11%) invaded less than 1 mm depth. 5) There was no good relationship between the tumor cell type and the depth of stromal invasion. Based on the above results, it is concluded that diagnostic criteria of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is stromal invasion not exceeding a depth of 3 mm from basement membrane of surface or glandular epithelium.
Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Neoplasm Metastasis*

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are notorious for their unpredictable clinical behavior. To assess the cellular proliferating activities, four different methods were used: mitotic count, nucleolar organizer region(AgNOR) staining, immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and DNA ploidy were used on 39 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Additionally, we analysed cellularity, cellular atypism and necrosis. Among 39 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 11 cases were diagnosed as benign lesions according to clinicopathologic findings. Malignant lesions were arbitrarily classified into low grade(n=ll) and high grade(n=17) on the basis of absence or presence of recurrence, metastasis or tumor-related death during the follow-up period. Numbers of mitosis, AgNORs, PCNA index and DNA ploidy were correlated with grades of tumor and prognosis. Among them, AgNORs counting appeared to be the most useful in predicting prognosis. Numbers of mitosis, PCNA index and DNA ploidy showed varying degrees of overlap among the 3 groups. Among the histological parameters, cellular atypia showed some relationship with the prognosis that others did not reveal.
Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Neoplasm Metastasis*

Forty-four ovairan tumors were immunohistochemically studied for the presence of broad-spectrum keratin, vimentin, desin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. 1) Among the common epithelial tumors, all the serous carcinomas (4) expressed keratin and AAT, and one additionally CEA. Six mucinous carcinomas exhibited keratin-positivity in two. One endometrioid carcinoma coexpressed keratin and vimentin as well as AAT, but one clear cell carcinoma expressed only keratin. Keratin-and CEA-positivity in epithelial cell nests and vimentin-positivity in stromal cells were observed in two Brenner tumors. Two undifferentiated carcinomas showed keratin-positivity in one and focal CEA positivity in the other. 2) In sex cord-stromal tumors, four out of six granulsa cell tumors, all four thecomas and three fibromas expressed vimentin, and two granulosa cell tumors and two thecomas showed AAT-positivity. The others were negative. 3) Among germ cell tumors, four dysgerminomas showed focal vimentin-positive cells in two and diffuse staining for AAT. Seven endodermal sinus tumors expressed AAT in all. Additionally, AFP were positive in two and CEA in three out of them. One embryonal carcinoma expressed CEA, AAT and AFP. 4) In four metastatic carcinomas, three exhibited keratin-and CEA-positivity, whereas one exhibited keartin-and vimentin-positivity. All showed AAT-positivity. 5) There was no positive case for desmin among ovarian tumors.
Neoplasm Metastasis

Sebaceous epithelioma is a relatively rare tumor, mostly occuring in the face or scalp. The histogenesis and clinical and pathological features of sebaceous epithelioma have not been clearly defined, and a few other diagnostic terms have been used so far instead of sebaceous epithelioma. Two cases of sebacous epitheliomas were presented. No recurrence or metastasis was observed in our cases, so sebaceous epithelioma is considered to be a benign tumor. A brief review of the literature, concerned about the biological behavior, histogenesis and pathological findings of the sebaceous epithelioma, was made.
Neoplasm Metastasis

To elucidate a possible prognostic factor, we studied 91 cases of breast carcinoma for the expression of n-tn23 protein using an immunohistochemical method, and compared these results with the known prognostic parameters of the breast carcinoma. The mn23 protein was intensely stained in the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus of carcinoma cells in 82 cases(90.1%). There were two patterns of cytoplasmic staining; heterogeneous pattern and homogeneous pattern. Among the positive cases, 43 cases(47.2%) were heterogeneous while 39 cases(42.8%) were homogeneous. Axillary lymph node metastases(p<0.005) was found more frequently in the heterogeneous pattern group(79.0%) than in the homogeneous pattern group(41.0%). There was no significant correlation between nm23 protein expression and other parameters such as patient age, tumor size, estrogen receptor, histopathologic grade, and p53 overexpression. Although axillary lymph node metastasis was correlated with the disease free status(p<0.0005) and patient survival (p<0.05), they showed no correlation with nin23 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that axillary lymph node metastasis was the only prognostic indicator(p<0.05), and the expression of nm23 protein was of borderline significance. The results suggest that the homogeneous and/or granular cytoplasmic expression of mn23 protein plays a role in the suppression of nodal metastasis in breast carcinoma and might contribute in predicting patient survival.
Neoplasm Metastasis

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation was first described in 1983, when Nora and his collegues reported 35 examples of a proliferative lesion involving bones of the hands and the feet. In 1993, Meneses reported 65 cases of this condition. A fourth of all the reported cases involved the long bones. It is important to identify the clinical, roentgenographic, and histologic characteristic to seperate it from other entities because it is a benign lesion with atypical microscopic features with a tendency to recur. Roentgenograms show a calcific mass attached to the underlying cortex having a broad base. Histologically, the lesion exhibites proliferative activity, irregular bony cartilaginous interfaces, and enlarged, bizarre, and binucleated chondrocytes. We reviewed the bone tumors, diagnosed in the KyungHee University Hospital, dated from 1984 to 1994. Five cases were revised to Nora's lesion, all of which were previously diagnosed as osteochondroma. The ages of the patients ranged from 12 to 57 years (median, 19 years), and all of them were males. Two cases involved the bones of hands and feet (metacarpal and talus), and 3 cases involved the long bones (humerus, fibula, and ulna). One lesion involving the humerus has a recurrence. No metastasis had been reported.
Neoplasm Metastasis