Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most important cause of hospitalisation in Malaysia and the 6th most important cause of mortality in patients aged 65 years and above. CAP is a lower respiratory tract infection that includes signs and symptoms like cough, fever, dyspnoea, the presence of new focal chest signs and new radiographic shadowing with no prior cause. To assist clinical judgement in deciding whether to admit the patient for in-ward treatment or otherwise, the severity of CAP is most commonly graded using the CURB-65 score as the components are more readily accessible in the Accidents and Emergency Department. We believe that cardiopulmonary diseases, immunosuppressive diseases like HIV infection or diabetes mellitus and other co-morbidities may affect the severity of CAP and are thus aspects of a patients’ history that should play a more significant role in influencing a clinician’s judgement of CAP severity. The general objective of the study is therefore to identify the relationship between co-morbidities and initial severity assessment of a patient admitted for community acquired pneumonia. The 3 specific objectives are i) to determine if presence of co-morbidities affects initial severity assessment in a patient admitted with CAP ii) To identify which co-morbidities affects initial severity assessment and iii) to determine whether having multiple co-morbidities increases initial severity assessment. Methodology: A retrospective study was carried out from the month of February 2013 to July 2013 at Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar, Seremban (HTJS). Patients admitted to the four Medical wards – 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B – from July 2012 to December 2012 and have been diagnosed with CAP were chosen. A checklist was used as a survey instrument. Using statistical analysis, the severity of CAP in patients was compared in patients with different factors like gender, different co-morbidities and the number of co-morbidities. Results: A total of 63 patients in the control group had no co-morbidities and 54 patients were of low risk, 7 patients had moderate risk, and 2 patients had high risk CAP. Of the remaining 337 patients in the sample population, 124 patients had one co-morbidity, while 213 patients had multiple co-morbidities. Among those with a single co-morbidity, 100 patients had low risk, 19 patients had moderate risk, and 5 patients had high risk CAP. For the group with multiple co-morbidities, 135 patients had low risk, 58 patients had moderate risk, and 20 patients had high risk CAP. This study found that the presence and number of co-morbidities present in a patient affected the severity of CAP. Co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension and asthma had significant correlation to the severity of CAP in patients. The gender of the patient had no significant correlation to the severity of CAP. Conclusion: The presence and number of co-morbidities present in a patient increases the severity of CAP. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and asthma are comorbidities that are prerequisites for increased caution and alert when judging the severity of CAP in patients. Comparison of patients with single and multiple comorbidities showed that patients in the latter group present with higher severity scores (p-value = 0.004).
Morbidity

Background: Multiple gestations, including twin gestations are commonly associated with adverse maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes compared with singleton pregnancies. Its incidence has shown a significant increase over the last decades. A retrospective cohort study was made at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology by review of medical records of twin pregnancies and their neonates. Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the outcomes of twin gestation against singleton pregnancies, in terms of the following: the presentation of the twin gestation, chorionicity, the mode and timing of delivery and fetomaternal complications. This study aimed to determine whether an association exists between the twin gestation and adverse perinatal outcomes. Methodology: The study included singletons and twin gestations admitted at a tertiary government hospital admitting section within a ten-year period, 2006-2015. Confirmation of diagnosis of multiple pregnancies was obtained by ultrasound. This retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary government hospital included 228 singletons and 110 twin gestations in a ten-year period. Results: Results showed women with twin pregnancies had a higher incidence of preterm labor and delivery. Compared to singleton pregnancies, complications of prematurity are not uncommon in twin gestations. This should encourage prenatal and antenatal care in women who have twin gestations. Conclusion The incidence of preterm labor and delivery for twin gestation, relative to singletons, was high in the study. Twin gestations are 3-4 times more likely to present with preterm labor relative to singletons.
Morbidity

Geography ; Morbidity

Introduction: CAD accounts for 25% of mortality in Malaysia public hospitals. CABG is one of treatment for patients with CAD, but requires RBC transfusion, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. This study was to evaluate the association between RBC transfusion and morbidity and mortality in CABG patients at the National Heart Centre, Malaysia (IJN). Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study performed using data from 434 patients who underwent CABG in 2013 and 2014. Subjects had systematic random sampling every fifth subject of the patients in the sequence of dates of the year. Data related to the relationship between RBC transfusion with mortality and morbidity, and the predicting factors captured. Results: 64.3% of CABG patients (n = 279) received RBC transfusion perioperatively. Age, gender, BMI, and EF, were factors that contributed for RBC transfusion. RBC transfusion was a contributor to longer intensive care unit length of stay (ICULOS) and hospital length of stay (HLOS). Multiple logistic regression revealed, for every 1 year increase of age, there is 3.5% higher chance of transfusion. Whereas an increase of 1 kg/m2 of BMI and 1% of EF reduced the odds of RBC transfusion by 13.0% and 3.0% respectively. Conclusions: Age, gender, BMI, and EF determine the probability of needing RBC transfusion during CABG, and RBC transfusion will result in longer ICULOS, and HLOS. Probability of RBC transfusion will be higher in older patients and reduced in those with higher BMI and EF.
; Morbidity ; Mortality

The study surveyed the morbidity and hospital admission of Bac Giang city population in the year 2001, especially the prevalence of cancer. 3.000 households were enrolled in the study. Data were collected and interviews were conducted. Analysis showed people had a high demand of health care in hospital, especially with cancer management. 31.1% of urban population demanded a hospital admission. In 5 year period in the city, the cancer incidence was 158.9/100.000 people in average. The highest was in 50-69 age group, and this incidence was higher in male than female
Therapeutics ; Inpatients/morbidity ; Morbidity ; Epidemiology

An inquiry by interview was conducted on Thanh Luong ward, Hai Ba Trung district and on Xuan Dinh commune, Tu Liem district in Hanoi, concerning the morbidity and the use of medical services for elderly. The inquiry showed a high incidence of morbidity (acute and chronical) with the common disease such as mainly arthrose, respiratory diseases, neurological diseases. Most of the elderly preferred the care at home, at private medical workers. There was a difference between urban and rural area in the morbid pattern and the use of medical services
Morbidity ; Delivery of Health Care/morbidity ; Aged ; Epidemiology

With a cross- sectional study was conducted on morbidity of people in Binh Dan and Lien Hoa communes, Kim Thanh district Hai Duong province in 2003. The rate of morbidity was 31.26%; in those, the rate of people infected with one disease was 24.64%, two diseases were 5.48%, three diseases was 1.11%, four diseases was 0.02%. Frequency of morbidity is 40.64%. Classification of morbidity: rate of ophthalmic diseases group was highest: 12.15%, the diseases of respiratory system: 8.93%, the diseases dento-oral: 6.71%, the diseases cardiovascular system: 6.23%, the other diseases group was low. The ophthalmic diseases: the rate of trachoma disease is the highest: 5.45%. The diseases of respiratory system: chronic sore throat: 1.38%; acute sore throat: 1.96%; acute tonsillitis is 1.84%; chronic tonsillitis is 0.86%, the rate of lowed respiratory is low. The dento-oral diseases: dental caries represented highest: 17%, gingivitis: 1.49%. The cardiovascular: hypertension: 5.96%. The digestive system: gastric and duodenal ulcer: 0.65%; gastritis and duodenitis: 0.65%, chronic colitis: 0.39%, acute diarrhea: 0.17%
Morbidity ; Epidemiology ; Disease

The study of 1115 pupils aged from 4 to 15 years old from some schools in Cat Hai island district - Hai Phong city in 2001. Pupil rate with asthma disease was 9.3%. The incidence of asthma disease patients were atopic (allergic) asthma type with the state of moderately obstructed ventilation trouble, peak expiration flows were decreased about 32% to 37% when compared with the normal children. Most of these patients had the positive skin allergic reactions to one or more allergens (65.7%), in which the PMP allergen was the highest posivity (50%)
Morbidity ; Diagnosis ; Asthma ; Child

Results of the investigation performed on 1058 elderly subjects show a largest frequency of osteo-arthritis, pulmonary diseases and arterio-vascular diseases. Majority of the subjects (66,1% and 65,4%) had a sustainable state of health
Epidemiology ; Health ; aged ; Morbidity

The health status and morbidity was evaluated in residents of Minh Khai precinct, Phñ Lý Town and morbidity was linked to environment. Subjects of this study were households of this precinct. This was a retrospective and cross-sectional study. The results found that 22.83% of households have had at least one illness person, in which rate of households with coughing person(s) was 37.22%. Acute morbidity was different in age groups, with highest frequency observed in-group of 0 to 11-months; the frequency decreases steadily and then increases again in-group of 60 years
epidemiology ; Health Status ; Morbidity