PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explain a structural model of posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses based on existing models and a literature review and verify its effectiveness.METHODS: Data were collected from psychiatric nurses in one special city, four metropolitan cities, and three regional cities from February to March 2016. Exogenous variables included hardiness and distress perception, while endogenous variables included self-disclosure, social support, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic growth. Data from 489 psychiatric nurses were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 and AMOS 20.0.RESULTS: The modified model was a good fit for the data. Tests on significance of the pathways of the modified model showed that nine of the 14 paths were supported, and the explanatory power of posttraumatic growth by included variables in the model was 69.2%. For posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses, deliberate rumination had a direct effect as the variable that had the largest influence. Indirect effects were found in the order of hardiness, social support, and distress perception. Self-disclosure showed both direct and indirect effects.CONCLUSION: A strategy to improve deliberate rumination is necessary when seeking to improve posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses. Enhancing psychiatric nurses' hardiness before trauma would enable them to actively express negative emotions after trauma, allowing them to receive more social support. This would improve deliberate rumination and consequently help promote psychological growth among psychiatric nurses who have experienced trauma.
Models, Structural ; Psychiatric Nursing

This study examined those problems noticed under the Asymptotically Generalized Least Squares estimator in evaluating a structural model of physical health. The problems were highly correlated parameter estimates and high standard errors of some parameter estimates. Separate analyses of the endogenous part of the model and of the metric of a latent factor revealed a highly skewed a kurtotic measurement indicator as the focal point of the manifested problems. Since the sample sizes are far below that needed to produce adequate AGLS estimates in the given modeling conditions, the adequacy of the Maximum Likelihood estimator is further examined with the robust statistics and the bootstrap method. These methods demonstrated that the ML methods were unbiased and statistical decisions based upon the ML standard errors remained almost the same, Suggestions are made for future studies adopting structural equation modeling technique in terms of selecting a reference indicator and adopting those statistics corrected for normality.
Least-Squares Analysis* ; Models, Structural ; Sample Size

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a model which explains the career management, career plateau and career satisfaction of the factors influencing the career commitment of nurses. METHOD: The data collection was conducted from Aug. 24, 2009 to Sep. 22, 2009 through self-reported questionaries. Participants were 441 nurses who had worked in 2 national university hospitals, 1 university hospitals, and 1 hospitals founded by business enterprises. The data was analyzed by SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 15.0 for structural model. RESULTS: Career commitment was directly impacted by career management, career plateau, career satisfaction. The predictable variables of the hypothetical model explained 28.4% of career commitment. Career commitment was significantly influenced by career management, career plateau, career satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results of study suggest that some strategies are needed which focus on career management, career plateau and career satisfaction in order to promote the nurse's career commitment.
Commerce ; Data Collection ; Hospitals, University ; Models, Structural

PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify a path model that anticipates the interpersonal competence of nurses by anticipating factors that explain interpersonal competence within an organization, and analyzing the effects of these factors. A hypothetical model was formulated based on a literature review of interpersonal competence. For the study, influential factors were divided into two variables: exogenous variables including communication style, coaching leadership, and social support, and endogenous variables of self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. METHODS: The sample included 202 hospital nurses. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. RESULTS: The overall fitness was good (chi2=74.707, p<.001), d.f=19, chi2/df= 3.932, GFI=.940, AGFI=.826, RMR=.009). Social support, self-efficacy, horizontal communication and organizational commitment directly affected the interpersonal competence of the nurses, and informal type of communication, horizontal, upward communication and coaching leadership indirectly effected the interpersonal competence of the nurses. Horizontal communication, social support, self-efficacy, and organizational commitment explained 46.5% of the variance in interpersonal competence of nurses. CONCLUSION: Based on the study results, nurses in hospitals need informal types of communication, horizontal, upward communication and coaching leadership to increase their interpersonal competence.
Job Satisfaction ; Leadership ; Mental Competency* ; Models, Structural*

OBJECTIVE: To empirically investigate the relationship of internal and external customer satisfactions, service quality, and customer loyalty in medical services. METHODS: This essay proposes an integrated model to explain the causality of internal and external customer satisfactions, service quality, and customer loyalty. To this end, a structural model was developed, consisting of the following factors: internal and external customer satisfactions, service quality, and customer loyalty. The study included 214 sets of data, with 107 sets being collected for both out-patients and in-patients. The data were analyzed using AMOS 4.0. RESULTS: We found the greater the internal customer satisfaction, the greater the out-patient quality of service quality. Secondly, the greater the service quality, the greater the external customer satisfaction of both in- and out-patients. The service quality of doctors, compared to that of the nurses, had a greater effect on external customer satisfaction. Thirdly, the service quality of doctors and nurses affected both internal and external customer satisfactions, which ultimately affected the customer loyalty. Finally the greater the external customer satisfaction, the greater the customer loyalty. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the positive relationship among the internal and external customer satisfactions, service quality, and customer loyalty, which proves the doctors quality of service is the primary factor for external satisfaction, and customer loyalty relating to medical services.
Humans ; Models, Structural ; Outpatients ; Quality of Health Care

PURPOSE: In this study an exploration was done of the quality of lives of patients with schizophrenia in South Korea and factors related to quality of life, and to develop a model that predicts the quality of their lives. METHODS: The participants were 225 patients with schizophrenia, aged 18 and above, residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Province. Collected data was analyzed using SAS 9.3 and AMOS 18.0. RESULTS: Social support and psychological well-being were the two factors that most affected the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Symptoms, empowerment, and internalized stigma were not found to influence the quality of the patients' lives. However, symptoms, social support, empowerment, internalized stigma affected the patients' psychological well-being, and psychological well-being was identified as an influential variable for quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, symptoms, social support, empowerment, and internalized stigma are influential to the patients' quality of lives through psychological well-being. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia should be examined through the variable of psychological well-being as many variables related to the patients' quality of life affect psychological well-being.
Humans ; Korea ; Models, Structural ; Power (Psychology) ; Quality of Life* ; Schizophrenia* ; Seoul

PURPOSE: this study was to develop and test the structural model that explains husband and wife compatibility and family health of married middle-aged. A hypothetical model explaining husband and wife compatibility and family health based on literature reviews. There were three theoretical variables and twelve observed variables in hypothetical model. METHODS: Data collection was carried out May through July 2005. Data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires from 854 married middle-aged who lived in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Kyungnam, Kyungpook. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS/WIN 12.0 for descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation coefficient, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis. RESULTS: LISREL program was used to find the best fit normal which assumes causal relationship among variables. This model was to be good fitting and parsimonious to measure husband and wife compatibility and family health of married middle-aged. CONCLUSION: Differentiation of self and husband and wife compatibility predicted level of family health. Therefore, a family health improvement program needs to include these two variables.
Data Collection ; Family Health ; Humans ; Models, Structural ; Spouses ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Two initial models of cold-adapted lipase PsLip1 have been constructed, based on homology with the bacterial lipases Chromobacterium viscosum(CvLip) and Pseudomonas cepacia(PcLip), whose X-ray structures have been solved and refined to high resolution. The mature polypeptide chains of these lipases have 84% similarity. The models of Mod1 and Mod2 have been compared with the tertiary structures of CvLip and PcLip, respectively, and analyzed in terms of stabilizing interactions. Several structural aspects that are believed to contribute to protein stability have been compared: the number of conserved salt bridges, aromatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, helix capping, and disulfide bridges. The 3-dimensional structural model of PsLip1 has been constructed in order to elucidate the structural reasons for the decreased thermostability of the enzyme in comparison with its mesophilic counterparts.
Chromobacterium ; Hydrogen ; Lipase ; Models, Structural ; Protein Stability ; Pseudomonas

PURPOSE: This study is to develop a hypothetical structural model of the quality of life of single aged women and to explain the compatibilities between the models and actual data. METHODS: Ten theoretical variables were used to evaluate of the quality of life of single aged women. 300 of single aged women were selected as the subjects. A hypothetical prediction model of quality of life was tested by the covariance structure analysis with PC-LISREL 8.12. RESULTS: Economy, religion activity, leisure activity, social support, self-esteem, depression and health prompting behavior were the significant variables which affected to the quality of life directly in the single aged women. But social support, self-esteem affected to them indirectly. Knowing perceived health status directly but it affected indirectly to the quality of life in single aged women. CONCLUSION: In this study, it was discovered that self-esteem was the most important factor to affect to the quality of life in single aged women and the next was the depression and health promoting behavior. As a result, it was discovered that age, economic status, self-esteem and depression were the significant factors to affect to the quality of life in single aged women.
Aged ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Models, Structural ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining model health-related quality of life in acquired people with physical disabilities. METHOD: The hypothetical model of this study was consisted of 6 latent variables and 14 observed variables. Exogenous variables included in this model were physical status and economical level. Endogenous variables were social attitudes, family function, self-esteem, and health-related quality of life. Data were collected from 226 acquired people with physical disabilities residing in Seoul and Kyunggi-do from January to February, 2005. The collected data were analyzed using SAS 8.2 version and LISREL 8.32 version program. RESULTS: The results of the fitness test of the modified model were follow as; chi-square=67.479 (df=50, p=.05), GFI= .959, AGFI=.914, SRMR=.049, NFI=.961, NNFI=.979, CN=249.244. Health-related quality of life was influenced directly by physical status, economic level, and social attitudes and accounted for 88.8% of the variance by these factors. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that physical status is the most significant effect on health-related quality of life, and social attitudes and economic level are important factors having influences on health- related quality of life. Therefore improving physical status and economic level, and modifying negative attitudes are necessary to increase health-related quality of life of acquired people with acquired physical disabilities.
Disabled Persons ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Models, Structural ; Quality of Life* ; Seoul