Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that exist widely in the human body, which can self-renewal and differentiate into different types of cell. Due to its advantages of tumor tissue tropism and easy to be engineered, it has been widely used in cancer treatment research recently. However, the tumor-promoting or anti-tumor effect of MSCs is controversial, especially for unmodified MSCs. Therefore, researchers are more inclined to use MSCs as carriers to engineer them. With the deepening in understanding of vesicles, it is found that the vesicles derived from MSCs seem to have greater advantages as carriers. Although the current research of MSCs in the treatment of tumors has been initiated in the clinic, there are still many problems to be solved in the pre-clinical application.
Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with high self-proliferation and multidirectional differentiation potential. They also have other functions including immune regulation, paracrine and so on, playing an important role in repairing injured tissues. In recent years, a lot of research has been done on how MSCs promote skin injury repair, and a lot of progress has been made. Compared with direct injection of MSCs in the wound area, some special treatments or transplantation methods could enhance the ability of MSCs to repair skin injury. This paper mainly discusses the role of MSCs in skin injury repair and technical ways to improve its repairing capacity, and discusses the existing problems in this field and prospects for future research directions.
Cell Differentiation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Skin

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are capable of supporting hematopoiesis, regulating immune responses, promoting tissue regeneration and homing to damaged tissues, but their efficacy cannot completely exploit due to various factors. Studies in recent years have shown that the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells have plasticity. Researchers can enhance the biological performance of MSC by pretreatment with hypoxia, bioactive molecules, genetic modification, and mechanical stimulation, as well as adjusting MSC transplantation strategies, which has great significance for promoting the transformation of MSC. Therefore, in this review, the recent research advances in the plasticity of the biological characteristics of MSC are summarized briefly.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Wound Healing

Salivary gland (SG) dysfunction, due to radiotherapy, disease, or aging, is a clinical manifestation that has the potential to cause severe oral and/or systemic diseases and compromise quality of life. Currently, the standard-of-care for this condition remains palliative. A variety of approaches have been employed to restore saliva production, but they have largely failed due to damage to both secretory cells and the extracellular matrix (niche). Transplantation of allogeneic cells from healthy donors has been suggested as a potential solution, but no definitive population of SG stem cells, capable of regenerating the gland, has been identified. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are abundant, well characterized, and during SG development/homeostasis engage in signaling crosstalk with the SG epithelium. Further, the trans-differentiation potential of these cells and their ability to regenerate SG tissues have been demonstrated. However, recent findings suggest that the "immuno-privileged" status of allogeneic adult MSCs may not reflect their status post-transplantation. In contrast, autologous MSCs can be recovered from healthy tissues and do not present a challenge to the recipient's immune system. With recent advances in our ability to expand MSCs in vitro on tissue-specific matrices, autologous MSCs may offer a new therapeutic paradigm for restoration of SG function.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Quality of Life ; Regeneration ; Salivary Glands ; Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have the potential of self-replication and differentiation, are a very valuable cell source for stem cell-based medical therapy. Their application has opened up a new way for disease research. Although MSCs can maintain cell stemness through self-renewal, with the prolongation of cell passage and culture time, the stemness of MSCs gradually decays, and the cell aging and differentiation potential decreases gradually. Autophagy is a highly conserved cytological process that degrades the modified, excess, and deleterious cytoplasmic components in autophagosomes, which are then degraded by fusion with lysosomes. As the main intracellular degradation and recycling pathway, autophagy plays an active role in maintaining cell homeostasis, self-renewal and pluripotency. In this paper, the role of autophagy in self-renewal and maintenance of multidirectional differentiation potential of MSCs was reviewed, which laid a theoretical foundation and practical basis for the research and application of MSCs.
Autophagy ; Cell Differentiation ; Homeostasis ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells

ABSTRACT The use of tooth-derived material as a scaffold has gained attention recently due to its ease of availability and bioactive properties. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine in vitro interaction of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) with human demineralised teeth matrix (hDTM) on osteogenic potential with or without osteogenic inducers. The hGMSCs were established and characterised on their morphology, proliferation, population doubling time (PDT), viability, colony-forming ability, expression of cell surface markers and adipogenic differentiation. Further, the effect of hDTM on the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation ability of hGMSCs was evaluated. The hGMSCs displayed a fibroblast-like appearance and exhibited a greater proliferative activity. The cells showed > 91% viability, and PDT varied between 39.34 hours and 62.59 hours. Further, hGMSCs indicated their propensity to form clusters/ colonies, and expressed the markers, such as CD29, CD44, CD73 and CD90, but were negative for CD34 and CD45. When treated with adipogenic induction medium, hGMSCs were able to exhibit the formation of neutral lipid vacuoles. The hGMSCs cultured with hDTM did not show any cytotoxic changes including morphology and viability. Mineralisation of calcium nodules was observed in hGMSCs when cultured in osteogenic induction (OI) medium as an indication of osteogenesis. hGMSCs when cultured with hDTM confirmed the presence of a mineralised matrix. Further, when the cells were cultured with hDTM along with OI, they showed slightly enhanced differentiation into osteocytes. In conclusion, hGMSCs were shown to be biocompatible with hDTM, and demonstrated their enhanced osteogenic potential in the presence of hDTM and osteogenic supplements.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Dental Pulp--cytology ; Dentin

ABSTRACT The use of tooth-derived material as a scaffold has gained attention recently due to its ease of availability and bioactive properties. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine in vitro interaction of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) with human demineralised teeth matrix (hDTM) on osteogenic potential with or without osteogenic inducers. The hGMSCs were established and characterised on their morphology, proliferation, population doubling time (PDT), viability, colony-forming ability, expression of cell surface markers and adipogenic differentiation. Further, the effect of hDTM on the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation ability of hGMSCs was evaluated. The hGMSCs displayed a fibroblast-like appearance and exhibited a greater proliferative activity. The cells showed > 91% viability, and PDT varied between 39.34 hours and 62.59 hours. Further, hGMSCs indicated their propensity to form clusters/ colonies, and expressed the markers, such as CD29, CD44, CD73 and CD90, but were negative for CD34 and CD45. When treated with adipogenic induction medium, hGMSCs were able to exhibit the formation of neutral lipid vacuoles. The hGMSCs cultured with hDTM did not show any cytotoxic changes including morphology and viability. Mineralisation of calcium nodules was observed in hGMSCs when cultured in osteogenic induction (OI) medium as an indication of osteogenesis. hGMSCs when cultured with hDTM confirmed the presence of a mineralised matrix. Further, when the cells were cultured with hDTM along with OI, they showed slightly enhanced differentiation into osteocytes. In conclusion, hGMSCs were shown to be biocompatible with hDTM, and demonstrated their enhanced osteogenic potential in the presence of hDTM and osteogenic supplements.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Dental Pulp--cytology ; Dentin

Apoptosis ; Cyclophosphamide ; Interferon-gamma ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells

No abstract available.
Family ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Preservation, Biological

Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells