BACKGROUNDBreast conserving surgery (BCS) has been the standard surgical procedure for the treatment of early breast cancer. Endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy (ESM) plus immediate reconstruction with implants is an emerging procedure. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of these two surgical procedures in our clinical setting.

METHODSFrom March 2004 to October 2007, 43 patients with breast cancer underwent ESM plus axillary lymph node dissection and immediate reconstruction with implants, while 54 patients underwent BCS. The clinical and pathological characteristics, surgical safety, and therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the age, clinical stage, histopathologic type of tumor, operative blood loss, postoperative drainage time, and postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative complications were partial necrosis of the nipple and superficial skin flap in the ESM patients, and hydrops in the axilla and residual cavity in the BCS patients. There was no significant difference in the rate of satisfactory postoperative cosmetic outcomes between the ESM (88.4%, 38/43) and BCS (92.6%, 50/54) patients (P > 0.05). During follow-up of 6 months to 4 years, all patients treated with ESM were disease-free, but 3 patients who underwent BCS had metastasis or recurrence -one of these patients died of multiple organ metastasis.

CONCLUSIONSAfter considering the wide indications for use, high surgical safety, and favorable cosmetic outcomes, we conclude that ESM plus axillary lymph node dissection and immediate reconstruction with implants - the new surgery of choice for breast cancer - warrants serious consideration as the prospective next standard surgical procedure.

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; adverse effects ; methods ; Mastectomy, Subcutaneous ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; methods

Locoregional recurrence after breast conservative surgery is not a rare event. However, a metastatic nodule solely at the surgical drain site seems to be extremely unusual. In this report, we present a patient who received a lumpectomy for breast cancer but a metastatic nodule developed at the drain site more than two years after her surgery.
Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; *Mastectomy, Segmental/adverse effects ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*diagnosis

This is the first preliminary report among two consecutive papers. Partial mastectomy(PM), axillary lymph node dissection(AD) and radiotherapy (RT) were performed on seventeen operable breast cancer patients who had been admitted from April 1991 to March 1992 to the department of surgery, Yongdong Severance Hospital for improved cosmetic appearance and better survival rate. Of seventeen patients, 47% were T1 lesion and 76% were stage I and II. Extensive intraductal component(EIC) within or around the tumor was also analyzed. Twenty nine per cent of the patients were EIC positive. The mean number of axillary lymph nodes was 21.5 after PM with AD and 20.5 after mastectomy. For radiotherapy, 4,500 rad was delivered to the breast parenchyma and 1,600 rad of boost to the primary tumor site using the electron beam method after surgery. All patients have since been living well without any local recurrence and were satisfied with breast preservation for the one-year follow-up period. We concluded that the PM, AD and RT can be another surgical treatment modality of breast cancer. A longer follow-up data will be followed on the second paper.
Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy/surgery/*therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Human ; *Lymph Node Excision ; *Mastectomy, Segmental ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects

Conventional pedicled-flap based surgeries in treating breast cancer have their limitations. New surgical regimens are yet to be explored, which will follow the oncological principle of being "total tumor free", whilst fit into the unique characteristics of China's own medical system as well as patients' demand. From 2007 to 2013, 143 patients with early stage breast cancer were included in the study, with the average age of 46.1 years. Fifty-three patients were subjected to modified breast conserving surgery (MBCS)+latissimus dorsi (LD) flap reconstruction, 41 to skin sparing mastectomy (SSM)+implant+LD flap reconstruction, 29 to MBCS+distal transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (DTRAM) flap reconstruction, and 20 to SSM+DTRAM flap reconstruction. The results showed that out of the 143 patients, there was no graft loss. Minor complications included 4 cases of fat liquefaction, and 6 cases of seratoma, which all resolved after conservative treatment. Five patients had visible protuberance in the abdomen, but not leading to any gastrointestinal symptoms. The reconstructed breasts all presented good shape. 96.7% of the patients were satisfied with the outcome. The follow-up period varied from 6 months to 60 months, and only one patient died from tumor metastasis in the brain. No local recurrence occurred. It was concluded that these two modified pedicled-flap surgeries are readily practical, and aesthetically satisfactory, with high applicability in China. They do not compromise the oncological outcomes, but also are well-accepted by Chinese patients.
Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; China ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; pathology

Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dose Fractionation ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; adverse effects ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; methods ; Respiration ; Seroma ; etiology ; pathology ; Surgical Instruments ; Tumor Burden

PURPOSE: Recently, several clinicians have reported the advantages of simplicity and cosmetic satisfaction of absorbable mesh insertion. However, there is insufficient evidence regardint its long-term outcomes. We have investigated the surgical complications and postoperative examination from the oncologic viewpoint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 2008 to March 2009, 34 breast cancer patients underwent curative surgery with absorbable mesh insertion in Samsung Medical Center. Patient characteristics and follow up results including complications, clinical and radiological findings were retrospectively investigated. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 50.1+/-8.9 years old (range 31-82) with a mean tumor size of 3+/-1.8 cm (range 0.8-10.5), and the excised breast tissue showed a mean volume of 156.1+/-99.8 mL (range 27-550). Over the median follow-up period of 18+/-4.6 months (range 3-25), mesh associated complications, including severe pain or discomfort, edema, and recurrent fluid collection, occurred in nine patients (26.5%). In three cases (8.8%), recurrent mastitis resulted in mesh removal or surgical intervention. In the postoperative radiologic survey, the most common finding was fluid collection, which occurred in five patients (16.1%), including one case with organizing hematoma. Fat necrosis and microcalcifications were found in three patients (9.7%). CONCLUSION: Absorbable mesh insertion has been established as a technically feasible, time-saving procedure after breast excision. However, the follow-up results showed some noticeable side effects and the oncologic safety of the procedure is unconfirmed. Therefore, we suggest that mesh insertion should be considered only in select cases and should be followed-up carefully.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Edema/etiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/etiology/ultrasonography ; Humans ; Mammaplasty/adverse effects/methods ; Mastectomy, Segmental/adverse effects/*methods ; Mastitis/etiology ; Middle Aged ; Pain/etiology ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; *Surgical Mesh/adverse effects