No abstract available.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Humans* ; Life Cycle Stages*

PURPOSE: This study measures the subjectivity on stressful life events of middle- aged women. METHOD: Q-Methodological method was used for that purpose. As for the research method, Q-statements were collected reliminary to the study of through in-depth interviews and a literature review. For the study 38 Q-statements were selected. There were 28 middle aged women as subjects for the research. Q-Factor Analysis by using PC Quanl Program to supply the material. RESULT: Through the result of this study, the stressful life events of middle-aged women could be identified by 4 types. The type I is called the conflict in relationship with husband's family members. The type II is called lack of marital intimacy. The type III is called low self-esteem. The type IV is called changing life cycle itself. CONCLUSION: Therefore, identifing the subjectivity on the stressful life events of middle-aged women would be a basic step for the understanding of middle aged women.
Female ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suicide ideation effects of suicide prevention program. METHODS: Using several databases, studies were collected from March, 2012 to August, 2012. For the purpose of a systematic literature review, in this study analysis was done of pretested-posttested research among non-randomized studies utilizing suicide prevention program, and having set the intervention as the independent variable suicidal idea as a dependent variable. RESULTS: The result of interventions on suicide prevention showed a moderate effect at -0.72 (96% CI: -0.96, 0.48). For intervention types, reality therapy was most effective overall, while the life cycle was found to be most effective for young people (d=-1.57, 95% CI: -2.70, -0.43). The periods for the intervention on suicide prevention was shown to be most effective when it was repeated over 20 times (d=-1.55, 95% CI:-2.75, -0.35), and also it worked better for the risk group than a general group (d=-0.89, 95% CI: -1.26, 0.52). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study support basic data for interventions to prevent future suicide and the need for further development of prevention programs.
Life Cycle Stages ; Reality Therapy ; Suicide*

Plasmodium vivax has many stages in the life cycle, and shows different susceptibilities to anti-malarial drugs at each stage. Of these drugs, primaquine is only drug that has anti-malarial activity to hypnozoite. Generally, primaquine is administered for the prevention of relapse by hypnozoite following the treatment with chloroquine in tertian malaria, at the dosage of 15mg/ day for 14 days. But Plasmodium vivax has different susceptibility to primaquine in different areas (so as to strains), and the resistance to primaquine is increasing in endemic areas. We recently experienced a case of imported tertian malaria that relapsed two times after the completions of chloroquine-primaquine therapy. The patient was treated with 22.5 mg of primaquine for 2 weeks at the first relapse, and 3 weeks course of 30 mg of primaquine in the second relapsing episode. Therefore we report this primaquine-resistant tertian malaria with review.
Chloroquine ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Malaria* ; Plasmodium vivax ; Primaquine ; Recurrence

The purpose of this study was to develop and to evaluate the Computerized Nursing Diagnosis/ Intervention System for Nutritional and Eliminative Problems for clinical application. Each stage was processed based on the System Development Life Cycle. At the Strategy Planning Stage, valid nursing diagnoses and interventions were chosen. At the System Analysis Stage, a nursing diagnosis and intervention flowchart was drawn up. At the System Design Stage, a system was developed based on the flowchart and named the Nursing Diagnosis/Intervention System. The Nursing Diagnosis/Intervention System consisted of the Patient's Basic Information, Patient's Nursing Process, Nursing Process, and Code Registration. Each element in flowchart was coded and made into a database. The System was used and evaluated. A total of 30 cases were collected. After the application, the nurses evaluated the System using a 5 point Likert scale. Every item was scored at three points or more and 13 out of 17 items were scored at four points or more, thus the Nursing Diagnosis/Intervention System that was developed in this study was regarded as a useful one.
Life Cycle Stages ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Process ; Nursing* ; Software Design

BACKGROUND: Since the winter of 1997, Korea has been in an economic crisis. During this period family-the most important and basic social unit- faoed many problems. The purpose of this survey was to assess Korean family's functional status and emphasize family as a social support unit. METHODS: During April- May 1998 Nationwide Telephone survey was done. Sampling was done by Multi State Stratified Random Sampling technique. We questioned subjects on 5 categories of present family problems and used Modified Faces -III Questionnaire for the evaluation of family function. RESULTS: By 5 point scale, the impact of present ecanomic problems to the family showed the highest score(3.7). Other causes had a score range of 1.7-2.1. Economic impact was greater in 4th and 5th life cycle step, those with low income, and those in bereavement. Family type was divided in to 3 groups; extreme type 20%, mid-range 50%, and balanced 30%. Among extreme groups chaotic adoption and enmeshed cohesion type were the most common(10.8%). CONCLUSIONS: In the Korean family 1998, economic problem seems to be the most important impact factor and the proportion of extreme type family is high.
Bereavement ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Cycle Stages ; Telephone ; Surveys and Questionnaires

A case of Sparganosis mansoni, in scrotum and subcutaneous layer of suprapubic region, in a three year-old Korean child is reported. Life cycle and route of infection of Sparganum mansoni in this case are briefly discussed. Administration of these sparganums into the dog failed to identify species of Diphyllobotrium.
Animals ; Child ; Dogs ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Scrotum ; Sparganosis* ; Sparganum

In order to get to know the imitation of wild Gastrodia elata in life history and phenology period, by G. elata f. elata forest wild simulated cultivation in Dafang county, Guizhou province, observing and recording its morphological characteristics of each growth and development stage. This experiment summarized the law of its life history over 24 months, amplified the characteristics of each 5 phenology periods over the sexual and asexual reproduction of wild simulated cultivated G. elata f. elata in Guizhou. Which the results could clear the process of wild simulated cultivated G. elata f. elata in Guizhou, and provide a theoretical support for the standard technical of the simulated wild G. elata.
Gastrodia ; growth & development ; physiology ; Life Cycle Stages ; physiology ; Reproduction

The typical life cycle of filamentous fungi commonly involves asexual sporulation after vegetative growth in response to environmental factors. The production of asexual spores is critical in the life cycle of most filamentous fungi. Normally, conidia are produced from vegetative hyphae (termed mycelia). However, fungal species subjected to stress conditions exhibit an extremely simplified asexual life cycle, in which the conidia that germinate directly generate further conidia, without forming mycelia. This phenomenon has been termed as microcycle conidiation, and to date has been reported in more than 100 fungal species. In this review, first, we present the morphological properties of fungi during microcycle conidiation, and divide microcycle conidiation into four simple categories, even though fungal species exhibit a wide variety of morphological differences during microcycle conidiogenesis. Second, we describe the factors that influence microcycle conidiation in various fungal species, and present recent genetic studies that have identified the genes responsible for this process. Finally, we discuss the biological meaning and application of microcycle conidiation.
Fungi* ; Germination ; Hyphae ; Life Cycle Stages ; Spores ; Spores, Fungal

PURPOSE: In this study, we attempted to analyze the occupational accident experience rate by working life cycle of Korean workers considering entrance and turnover in their jobs. The specific goal of this study was to calculate the accident experience rate according to workers' turnover history and previous accident experience. METHODS: We constructed a cumulative data set of 90,338 cases of workers' accident experiences in their jobs from the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey. The accident experience rates according to workers' turnover and previous accident experiences were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. RESULTS: In this study, the cumulative accident experience rate of Korean workers was found to be 5.2%. It was confirmed that the accident experience rate of workers increased as the turnover frequencies increased. In addition, we analyzed only the data of the workers who had experienced turnover and found that the accident experience rate after turnover increased about 7.5 times when workers had experienced accidents in the past. CONCLUSION: To prevent occupational accidents in workers, safety strategies should consider a worker's previous job history and injury experiences. It will also be necessary to focus preventive efforts on new and young workers through ongoing monitoring and on-the-job training.
Accidents, Occupational ; Dataset ; Inservice Training ; Life Cycle Stages