Cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation surgery may result in the remarked increase in the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Researches have shown that the postoperative retina is much more easily exposed to blue light, which can induce the retina to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and finally damage the retina. Therefore, cataract surgery should not be recommended at early stage; alternatively, to lower the incidence of AMD, blue-light filtering IOL may be implanted to avoid the ocular exposure to more blue light in the postoperative patients.
Cataract Extraction ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; adverse effects ; Light ; Macular Degeneration ; etiology

PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess efficiency and stability of astigmatic change by incision size after cataract surgery. METHODS: This work was designed as a retrospective, comparative, nonrandomized interventional study. A total of 121 cases of cataract surgery were reviewed in 98 patients performed by one surgeon at the Oregon Eye Institute in Eugene, OR, USA with 3-year follow-ups. All procedures were performed with the temporal approach of self-sealing incisions. The serial change in surgically induced astigmatisms were examined in all cases of three groups: Group A, cartridge injection of a foldable IOL through a 2.5 mm self-sealing incision; Group B, cartridge injection of a foldable IOL through a 3.0 mm self-sealing incision; Group C, cartridge injection of a foldable IOL through a 3.5 mm self-sealing incision. Keratometric data were obtained preoperatively, and 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months postoperatively. Polar value analysis was performed to calculate the surgically induced astigmatism. RESULTS: The astigmatic change decreased over time in Group B (P<0.05). The other groups tended to remain in induced astigmatism. All groups showed anticlockwise torque at 3 weeks following surgery. Group B showed a decrease in deviation, but the other groups showed increases in their torque value at postoperative 12 months (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 3.0 mm incision size correlated with the least surgically induced astigmatism.
Retrospective Studies ; Phacoemulsification ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Humans ; Cornea/*surgery ; Cataract Extraction/*adverse effects/*methods ; Astigmatism/*etiology

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO), a common complication after cataract surgery, impacts a patient's long-term visual quality to various degrees. Although a neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy is a very effective treatment, it may lead to a serial of complications. Accordingly, the search for simple, safe, and effective methods to prevent PCO has received widespread attention. Various researchers are committed to the interdisciplinary collaboration between medicine and engineering fields, such as functionalizing the surface of the intraocular lens (IOL) via supercritical fluid impregnation, coating the surface of the IOL, high-concentration drug immersion, and application of a drug delivery system, to effectively reduce the incidence and severity of PCO.
Humans ; Capsule Opacification/surgery* ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Cataract/etiology* ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline/surgery* ; Lenses, Intraocular/adverse effects* ; Treatment Outcome ; Postoperative Complications ; Prosthesis Design

PURPOSE: To determine sequential intraocular pressure (IOP) changes after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with or without combined phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (PE & IOL). METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent PPV with PE & IOL (combined group) or without PE & IOL (vitrectomy group) were reviewed for postoperative sequential IOPs and the number of IOP lowering medications used. Of the 68 patients (68 eyes) who underwent simple PPV, 41 eyes were allocated to the vitrectomy group, and 27 eyes to the combined group. RESULTS: The mean IOPs were higher on postoperative days one and two, as compared to preoperative values, in both groups. The mean IOP changes on postoperative day one (10.0 mmHg vs. 5.3 mmHg, p = 0.02) and day two (3.7 mmHg vs. 1.3 mmHg, p = 0.02) were significantly higher in the combined group. CONCLUSIONS: Phacovitrectomy is associated with a higher risk of IOP elevation during the early postoperative period than PPV alone. Caution should be exercised in patients who are vulnerable to IOP fluctuations when combined surgery is indicated.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; *Intraocular Pressure ; *Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification/*adverse effects ; *Postoperative Complications ; Risk Assessment ; Vitrectomy/*adverse effects/methods

With the advent of modern surgical techniques, paediatric cataract has become much more manageable. Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the standard of care for patients over the age of 2 years. The use of IOL in young infants is still controversial. In addition, there are still unresolved issues, such as the minimum age at which IOL can be safely implanted, IOL power selection and IOL power calculation. The current trends in the management of the above challenges are discussed. Although numerous reports on the prevention and management of posterior capsule opacification have been published, there are ongoing intensive debates and research. Long-term postoperative complications like glaucoma and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment are problems that cannot be overemphasised and these issues are also reviewed.
Cataract ; congenital ; Cataract Extraction ; adverse effects ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; adverse effects ; methods ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Refraction, Ocular

PURPOSE: To compare preoperative and postoperative ocular biometry in patients with iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (pIOLs): Artisan and Artiflex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 40 eyes with Artisan and 36 eyes with Artiflex pIOL implants. Anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL) were measured by applanation ultrasonography (A-scan) and partial coherence interferometry (IOLMaster) preoperatively and 3 months after pIOL implantation. RESULTS: ACD measurements after Artisan or Artiflex pIOL implantation were smaller than preoperative measurements. Specifically, the difference after Artisan pIOL implantation was -1.07+/-0.17 mm by A-scan and -0.08+/-0.08 mm by IOLMaster. The difference after Artiflex pIOL implantation was -1.31+/-0.15 mm by A-scan and -0.05+/-0.07 mm by IOLMaster. After Artisan pIOL implantation, differences in AL measurements by A-scan were insignificant (difference: -0.03+/-0.15 mm), whereas postoperative AL measurements by IOLMaster were significantly longer than preoperative measurements (difference: 0.12+/-0.07 mm). After Artiflex pIOL implantation, AL measurements by both A-scan and IOLMaster were significantly longer than preoperative measurements (difference: 0.09+/-0.16 mm by A-scan and 0.07+/-0.10 mm by IOLMaster). In the Artiflex group, differences in AL measurements by A-scan correlated with the central thickness of the Artiflex pIOL. CONCLUSION: ACD and AL measurements were influenced by iris-fixated phakic IOL implantation.
Adult ; Biometry ; Eye/ultrasonography ; Female ; Humans ; Interferometry ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/*adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications

BACKGROUNDDislocation of posterior chamber intraocular lens is one of the most common complications of intraocular lens implantation. Lens exchange is an effective solution to this unsatisfactory status. This study was conducted to analyze the possible predisposing factors for out-of-the-bag posterior chamber intraocular lens dislocation and to study the outcomes of lens exchange surgery.

METHODSThirty-six consecutive patients (36 eyes) with out-of-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation who underwent posterior chamber intraocular lens exchange in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong, China) from January 2003 to October 2009 were included. A 6-month follow-up was completed. The causes for out-of-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation and visual outcomes of posterior chamber intraocular lens exchange were analyzed. The out-of-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation was diagnosed on the basis of the findings from slit-lamp microscope and B-ultrasound. The dislocated intraocular lens was explanted. Reimplantation of a new posterior chamber intraocular lens was performed in each case using standardized surgical procedures.

RESULTSIn this study, a total of thirty-six consecutive patients (36 eyes) with out-of-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation underwent posterior chamber intraocular lens exchange surgery. Causes for out-of-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation included posterior capsule rupture during the initial cataract extraction procedure (23 eyes, 63.8%), trauma (5 eyes, 13.9%),neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser-induced dislocation (2 eyes, 5.6%), the status after vitrectomy (2 eyes, 5.6%) and unidentifiable etiology (4 eyes, 11.1%). Symptoms of these patients mainly included decrease in visual acuity (17 cases, 47.2%), blurred vision (16 cases, 44.4%), glare (1 case, 2.8%), diplopia (1 case, 2.8%), and halo (1 case, 2.8%). Intraocular lens dislocation into the posterior vitreous cavity (29 eyes, 80.5%), anterior chamber (1 eye, 2.8%) and anterior vitreous cavity (6 eyes, 16.7%) was found in this series. The foldable intraocular lenses (acrylic or silicone) were explanted from 27 eyes (75%) and rigid intraocular lenses (poly methyl methacrylate, PMMA) from 9 eyes (25%). The most common explanted intraocular lens material was single-piece acrylic (13 pieces, 36.1%), followed by 3-piece acrylic (9 pieces, 25%), single-piece PMMA (9 pieces, 25%), and 3-piece silicone (5 pieces, 13.9%). Uncorrected visual acuity postoperatively improved in 29 eyes (81%), unchanged in 4 eyes (11%), and worsened in 3 eyes (8%) in comparison to that before exchange operation (P = 0.006). Best corrected visual acuity tended to improve, but the improvement was not significant (P = 0.206). Complications related to lens exchange surgery were mainly intraocular lens redislocation (1 eye), retinal detachment (1 eye), vitreous hemorrhage (1 eye), and cystoid macular edema (1 eye).

CONCLUSIONSOut-of-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation was mainly caused by posterior capsule rupture during the initial cataract extraction procedure and the foldable lens was the most common dislocated intraocular lens. In most cases, posterior chamber intraocular lens exchange surgery could provide satisfied final visual outcomes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; adverse effects ; Lens Subluxation ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare post-operative astigmatic outcomes of two groups, with-the-rule (WTR) and against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism patients, according to the haptic axis of intraocular lenses (IOLs) inserted in cataract surgery. METHODS: Seventy-two eyes with WTR astigmatism and 79 eyes with ATR astigmatism had cataract surgery through a clear corneal temporal incision. These two groups of eyes were then each divided into 2 groups based on whether the haptic axis of the inserted IOL was at 180degrees or 90degrees. For ATR patients, the outcomes were analyzed according to the three types of IOLs. RESULTS: There was no difference in corneal astigmatism, but WTR patients with a 180degrees haptic axis of the inserted IOL and ATR patients with a 90degrees hepatic axis of the inserted IOL had a significant decrease in postoperative refractive astigmatism (p < 0.05). The changes in ATR astigmatism according to the IOL type were more effective in single-piece acrylic IOLs than in the three-piece polymethylmethacrylate haptic IOL group. CONCLUSIONS: Insertion of the IOL at the 180degrees haptic axis in WTR patients and at 90degrees in ATR patients during cataract surgery may have an effect in reducing pre-existing astigmatism. This observed effect was not consistent among the different types of IOLs.
Astigmatism/classification/*etiology/*physiopathology ; Cataract Extraction/*adverse effects ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/*methods ; *Lenses, Intraocular ; *Postoperative Complications ; Treatment Outcome

This study evaluated the surgical outcome and complications of phacoemulsification and the implantation of an acryl foldable intraocular lens (IOL) with a squared edge in dogs with cataracts. Thirty-two eyes from 26 dogs were examined. The mean follow up period was 75.9 days ranging from 23 to 226 days. The complications after phacoemulsification were posterior capsular opacity (PCO) around the IOL (n = 11), ocular hypertension (n = 4), focal posterior synechia (n = 4), hyphema (n = 3) and corneal ulcer (n = 2). The complications associated with the IOL were decenteration of the optic (n = 2) and ventral haptic displacement (n = 1). Most cases of PCO were found only around the margin of the IOL, and all eyes had vision during the observation period. In conclusion, the implantation of an acryl-foldable lens with a squared edge at the time of phacoemulsification is an effective method for preserving the central visual field of dogs with cataract.
Animals ; Cataract/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/*surgery ; Dogs/*surgery ; Female ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/adverse effects/*veterinary ; Male ; Phacoemulsification/adverse effects/*veterinary ; Retrospective Studies

The purpose of this article is to report a case of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) after uneventful cataract surgery. A 53-year-old Filipina underwent cataract surgery. She had a small optic disc with cup-to-disc ratio of 0.2 in the left eye and 0.3 in the right eye. On the first postoperative day, the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/20, with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 20 mmHg in the left eye. At one week after operation, the UCVA was 20/20 and the IOP was 15 mmHg. Three weeks later, she underwent cataract surgery in the right eye. On the first postoperative day, her UCVA was 20/20 in both eyes, but she complained of a visual field decrease in the left eye. A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) was noted and the optic disc was pallid and swollen diffusely. A red-free photo showed defect surrounding the optic disc. A visual field test showed tunnel vision sparing the central vision. In this report, the authors hypothesize an association between cataract extraction and delayed NAION. Since the risk of NAION in the fellow eye is 30-50%, visual acuity, visual field, fundus exam and RAPD should be routinely checked.
Cataract Extraction/*adverse effects/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Middle Aged ; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/diagnosis/*etiology/*physiopathology ; Phacoemulsification ; *Visual Fields