Child ; Humans ; Malacoplakia/pathology* ; Intestines/pathology*

Enteral Nutrition ; methods ; Humans ; Intestines ; pathology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo systematically summary the updated results about the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis (HAEC). Besides, we discussed the research key and direction based on these results.

DATA SOURCESOur data cited in this review were obtained mainly from PubMed from 1975 to 2015, with keywords "Hirschsprung enterocolitis", "Hirschsprung's enterocolitis", "Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis", "Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis", "HAEC", and "EC".

STUDY SELECTIONArticles regarding the pathogenesis of HAEC were selected, and the articles mainly regarding the diagnosis, surgical approach, treatment, and follow-up were excluded.

RESULTSSeveral factors, mainly including mucus barrier, intestinal microbiota, and immune function, as well as some other factors such as genetic variations and surgical reasons, have been found to be related to the pathogenesis of HAEC. Changed quantity and barrier property of mucus, different composition of microbiota, and an abnormal immune state work together or separately trigger HAEC.

CONCLUSIONSThe maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is due to a well cooperation of microbiota, mucus barrier, and immune system. If any part presents abnormal, intestinal homeostasis will be broken. Meanwhile, for patients with Hirschsprung's disease or HAEC, dysfunction of these parts has been found. Thus, the happening of HAEC may be mainly attributed to the disorders of intestinal microbiota, mucus barrier, and immune system.

Animals ; Enterocolitis ; etiology ; pathology ; Hirschsprung Disease ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Intestines ; microbiology ; pathology

The majority of intestinal lymphoma is derived from B cells, and peripheral T-cell lymphoma-unspecified (PTCL-U) rarely invades the intestines and liver. We report a case of PTCL-U that invaded also the intestines and liver besides the lymph nodes, characterized by multiple irregular ulcers of the intestine and ileocecal junction, and multiple intrahepatic low density foci. The diagnosis was established by mucosal biopsy and pathological examination. This case highlights the possibility of PTCL-U involving uncommon organs, for which a definite diagnosis has to be established pathologically. PTCL-U is highly malignant with a poor prognosis, and so far no standard treatment strategy has been available.
Female ; Humans ; Intestines ; pathology ; Liver ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Middle Aged

A case of rather typical Crohn's disease in a 10 year old girl is described. She had suffered from intractable abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever for 1 year. Eventual right hemicolectomy revealed diffuse involvement of terminal ileum, cecum and ascending colon by confluent ulcerations and transmural inflammation. Histologically there were numerous well developed non-caseating granulomas scattered transmurally and in regional lymph nodes. Deep penetrating ulcerations were characteristic. Acid fast staining failed to demonstrate any organism. The rarity of Crohn's disease in Korea and this occurrence in pediatric age prompted this report.
Child ; Colitis/pathology ; Crohn Disease/diagnosis/*pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Granuloma/pathology ; Humans ; Ileitis/pathology ; Intestines/pathology

The aim of this study was to examine whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) attaches to areas of intestinal metaplasia in Korean patients. Gastric biopsy specimens with intestinal metaplasia from 8 gastric cancers, 24 gastric ulcers, 11 duodenal ulcers, and 57 chronic gastritis were examined. The specimens were stained with periodic acid-Schiff/alcian blue pH 2.5 and high-iron diamine/alcian blue pH 2.5 to identify the subtype of intestinal metaplasia, and then immunohistochemical stain was done with rabbit anti-H. pylori polyclonal antibody. In 17 patients, H. pylori attached to areas of type II intestinal metaplasia. All areas of intestinal metaplasia showing adherence contained sialomucin, and H. pylori was not detected in the areas of intestinal absorptive cells and sulfomucin-containing metaplastic cells.
Adult ; Aged ; Bacterial Adhesion/physiology* ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/pathology* ; Gastric Mucosa/microbiology* ; Helicobacter pylori/physiology* ; Human ; Intestines/pathology* ; Intestines/microbiology* ; Korea ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Middle Age

This paper is to explore changes of intestinal mucosal barrier, intestinal flora, and bacterial translocation in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Twenty four male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (n = 10) and the experimental group (n = 14). The model of severe acute pancreatitis of rats was induced by the method of injecting adversely 5% sodium taurocholate into the common biliary-pancreatic duct. All of the rats were killed after 24 hours and the level of the serum amylase and the plasma endotoxin was determined after that. The pathological changes of pancreas and small intestine were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) and the abdominal viscera bacterial translocation rates were tested. With the method of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) the quantity of the intestinal flora was analyzed. In the control group, the level of Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were 2.08 ± 1.29, 11.04 ± 7.55 and 12.21 ± 4.95, respectively. On the contrast, the level of Escherichia coli in the cecum contents was much higher (9.72 ± 3.58, P < 0.01), while the Lactobacillus number was decreased significantly (0.67 ± 0.34, P < 0.01), and the Bifidobacterium number was also decreased (4.59 ± 3.42, P < 0.05) in the experimental group, so the ratio of Bifidobacterium/Escherichia coli was reversed. Besides, in the experimental group, the plasma endotoxin positive rates and the bacterial translocation rates were much higher (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) and the pathology scores of pancreas and small intestines were also significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those in the control group. These results indicated that in severe acute pancreatitis rats, the intestinal mucosal barrier was severely damaged and the dysbacteriosis occurs in the intestinal canal. And these might relate to the occurrence and development of multiple organ infection.
Animals ; Bacterial Translocation ; Endotoxins ; Intestinal Mucosa ; pathology ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Male ; Pancreas ; pathology ; Pancreatitis ; microbiology ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

A human case of intestinal metagonimiasis that was incidentally found during the histological examination of a resected segment of jejunum was described. The small adults trematode of Metagonimus yokogawai were found free in jejunal lumen as well as impacted in intervillous spaces. Histologically intestinal lesions were massive lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic infiltration in stroma, erosion of neanby enterocytes, goblet cell depletion and occasional villous edema. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the worm of spatulate appearance with rake-shaped tegumental spines. By transmission electron microscopy, the syncytial integument with dense discoidal bodies, basement membrane muscle cells and subtegumental cells were observed. Characteristic junctional complex was demonstrated between subtegumental and parenchymal cells as well as between parenchymal cells.
Adult ; Animals ; Heterophyidae ; Histiocytic Sarcoma/*complications/pathology ; Humans ; Intestines/microbiology/*pathology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Trematode Infections/complications/*pathology

BackgroundIncreasing evidence has supported the link of intestinal Fusobacterium nucleatum infection to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the value of F. nucleatum as a biomarker in CRC detection has not been fully defined. In order to reduce the random error and bias of individual research, this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of intestinal F. nucleatum in CRC patients and provide evidence-based data to clinical practice.

MethodsAn article search was performed from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up to December 2017, using the following key words: "Fusobacterium nucleatum", "Fusobacterium spp.", "Fn", "colorectal cancer(s)", "colorectal carcinoma(s)", "colorectal neoplasm(s)", and "colorectal tumor(s)". Articles on relationships between F. nucleatum and CRC were selected according to the preestablished inclusion and exclusion criteria. This meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 software, which included mapping of forest plots, heterogeneity tests, meta-regression, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR), negative LR, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of each eligible study were summarized.

ResultsFinally, data for 1198 participants (629 CRC and 569 healthy controls) in 10 controlled studies from seven articles were included. The summary receiver operator characteristic curve was mapped. The diagnostic performance of intestinal F. nucleatum infection on CRC was as follows: the area under the curve: 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83-0.89), the pooled sensitivity: 0.81 (95% CI: 0.64-0.91), specificity: 0.77 (95% CI: 0.59-0.89), and DOR: 14.00 (95% CI: 9.00-22.00).

ConclusionIntestinal F. nucleatum is a valuable marker for CRC diagnosis.

Colonic Neoplasms ; microbiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; microbiology ; Fusobacterium nucleatum ; physiology ; Humans ; Intestines ; microbiology ; pathology

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestines ; abnormalities ; pathology ; Male ; Necrosis