OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the levels of psychosocial distress among clerical public officers to reveal the various related factors. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaires was administered between Dec. 5th, 2005 and Jan. 31st, 2006, to 1,005 individuals in the service of general administration located in Daejeon City. The survey items included the subjects'socio-demographic and job-related characteristics, health-related behavior, degree of job demand, job autonomy, social support in work, type A behavior pattern, locus of control, sense of self-esteem, and psychosocial distress. RESULTS: The results showed that 24.8% of subjects were categorized as high risk stress, 64.9% as latent stress, and 10.3% as normal. The level of psychosocial distress was influenced by various sociodemographic characteristics, such as personality traits (type A behavior pattern, locus of control, selfesteem) and whether performing health-related behavior or not, as well as according to job-related characteristics such as rank in work, job career, job specifications, job demand, job autonomy, social support in work. CONCLUSIONS: The effective strategy for stress reduction among governmental employees requires additional programs focusing on innovated job specifications and managed personality traits.
Internal-External Control ; Psychology ; Questionnaires

This study examined the characteristics of people who have preference for complementary medicine and also the psychosocial factors that are related to the selection of complementary medicine. Two-hunred subjects recruited from the community were included in this study. Demographic variables, medical service characteristics, health locus of control, social support, coping style, and personality charateritics such as self-esteem, neuroticism, and hypochondriasis were measured. It turned out that nearly 80% of the subjects had already experienced at least one alternative therapy in the past. However, past expeiece was not significant in predicting future complementary medicine usage. People who were older in age, had more information about complementary medicine, used active-behavioural coping styles, and had internal locus of control were more likely to use complementary medicine in the future. Recommenations for furthur research is indicated.
Complementary Therapies* ; Hypochondriasis ; Internal-External Control ; Psychology

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of job characteristics on the nurses' the moderating effect of locus of control on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment and relationship between job characteristics and attitude. The sample for this study consisted of 594 nurses from 8 university hospitals. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha analysis, multiple regression analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used for the statistical methods. The results of this study were found that (1) autonomy among 5 core job characteristics showed positive influence on job satisfaction, (2) task significance and autonomy among 5 core job characteristics had positive influence on organizational commitment, (3) the internals of locus of control moderated the effect of job characteristics on nurses' job satisfaction, and (4) internals and externals of locus of control moderated the effect of job characteristics on nurses' organizational commitment.
Hospitals, University ; Internal-External Control ; Job Satisfaction*

It could be suggested that adult orthodontic patients may have peculiar psychological features as well as different periodontal tissue conditions compared with adolescent patients. The aims of the present investigation were to explore the relationships between psychological characteristics and treatment compliance of patient to orthodontist and assistants (dental hygienists). Two types of locus of control data (I-score, Internal locus of control score ; E-score, External locus of control score) were obtained for 312 adult patients and 765 adolescents and then analyzed in relation to their sex and treatment compliance. In general, orthodontic patients showed higher I-score trends than ordinary persons and adult patients manifested higher I-score than adolescent patients. Unlike adult patients, female adolescent patients showed higher I-score than male adolescent patients. Adult patients with higher E-score and adolescent patients with higher I-score than their counter-part subgroup were classified into more compliant group. Orthodontist performed more generous decision about patients' compliance than assistants. The results of this study also suggest that psychological survey in orthodontic field could comprise useful diagnostic criteria.
Adolescent ; Adult* ; Compliance* ; Humans ; Internal-External Control*

OBJECTIVE: Many factors are considered when a patient chooses the type of dental institution they wish to receive treatment from. Numerous studies have been conducted regarding this issue. However, more research is needed in analyzing the patient's psychological aspects when he/she decides to choose the dental institution they wish to receive treatment from. METHODS: A locus of control test was utilized to analyze the psychological aspects in orthodontic patients of a university dental hospital and a private dental clinic. The locus of control test is known to be useful in predicting a human being's behavior. Both intrinsic and extrinsic locus of control tests were carried out in 934 orthodontic patients attending Seoul National University Dental Hospital and 1466 orthodontic patients from a private dental clinic. RESULTS: The orthodontic patients at the university dental hospital showed a stronger extrinsic locus of control compared with those from the private dental clinic. CONCLUSION: The orthodontic patients at the university dental hospital value the doctor as the authority figure and the treatment quality more than those at the private dental clinic.
Dental Clinics* ; Humans ; Internal-External Control* ; Seoul

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the level of psychosocial stresses and fatigue symptoms among clerical public officers and its related factors. METHODS: The self-administered questionnaires were performed, during the period between Dec. 5th, 2005 and Jan. 31st, 2006, to 1,005 individuals in the service of general administration located in Daejeon Metropolitan City. The survey items included subjects' socio-demographic and job-related characteristics, health-related behavior, degree of job demand, job autonomy, social support in work, type A behavior pattern, locus of control, sense of self-esteem, psychosocial distress and degree of fatigue. RESULTS: The study results indicated that the level of stress or fatigue is so complicatedly influenced by variable factors as well as job-related characteristics such as socio-demographic characteristics, rank in work, or job career, to a greater extent, by job specifications and personality traits(type A) like whether performing health-related behavior or not, job demand, job autonomy, social support in work, or sense of self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: Thus the effective strategy for psychosocial distress and fatigue symptoms reduction among governmental employees requires additional programs focusing on innovated job specifications and managed personality trait.
Fatigue ; Internal-External Control ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to identify the major factors affecting performance in health promoting lifestyle of the elderly. The subjects for this study were 244 elderly person over the age of 60, living in K country, Kyongnam. Data were collected from August 31 to September 30, 1998. The collected data were analyzed with an SPSS program using frequency, percent, mean, cronbach alpha, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson' coefficients of correlation, Duncan test, and stepwise multiple regression. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The average score of performance in the health promoting lifestyle was 2.73. The variable with the highest degree of performance was regular diet(3.29), whereas the one with the lowest degree was self-control(2.22). 2) Performance in the health promoting lifestyle was significantly correlated with self esteem(r=.28, p=0.00), internal health locus of control(r=.58, p=0.00), powerful others health locus of control(r=.48, p=0.00), chance health locus of control(r=.25, p=0.00), perceived health status(r=.53, p=0.00). 3) Performance in the health promoting lifestyle was significantly correlated with such demographic variables as education level (F=9.47, P=0.00), marital status(F=2.63, P=0.05) and previous occupation(F=3.85, P=0.00). 4) The combination of internal health locus of control, powerful others health locus of control and perceived health status explained 43.4percent of the variance of health promoting lifestyle On the basis of this study, other factors affecting others health promoting lifestyle should be identified.
Aged* ; Education ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Life Style*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors influencing on educational intervention for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) after analyzing the relationship among teachers' internal-external locus of control, leadership type and educational intervention for ADHD. METHODS: A cross sectional study design was conducted with 255 teachers in three schools located in D, K and Y city. The data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS: Internal locus of control showed significantly positive correlations with educational intervention for ADHD. Efficient leadership type, harmony-oriented leadership type showed significant differences in inefficient leadership type on educational intervention for ADHD. Significant factors of the educational intervention were efficient leadership type, harmony-oriented leadership type, task-oriented leadership type and internal locus of control that were explained by 20.0% (F=12.5, p<.001) of educational intervention for ADHD. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, it is necessary to have teacher's efficient leadership type focused on ADHD symptoms. Teachers need to enhance their positive domain of internal-external locus of control towards students with ADHD to increase the effectiveness of their educational interventions for ADHD.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Education ; Humans ; Internal-External Control* ; Leadership*

Cooperation of the patients in orthodontic treatment is an essential element. This study examines the internal and external restriction factors and level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment of adolescent orthodontic treatment patients, and the factors that impart influence on the level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment. ‘Form for students’ among the indices of internal and external restrictions for orthodontics, which is an adaption of ‘Orthodontic Locus of Control Scale’ was used as survey tool, and ‘Reliability and Stability of the Orthodontic Patient Cooperation Scale’ was used as survey tool for the level of cooperation of orthodontic patients. As the result of examination of the effect of internal and external restriction factors on level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment by compensating the general characteristics in the multiple regression analysis, it was found that the level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment is higher for the patients who believe there is strong influence of external restrictions–patents–on the events that determines orthodontic treatment. In order to enhance the level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment of adolescent orthodontic patients, there is a need to assess the relationship between the patient and parents as well as the attitude or psychological state of the patients on orthodontic treatment.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Orthodontics ; Parents ; Patient Compliance

This study was attempted to explore the relationship between locus of control and the discomfort of the patients at the initial stage of the orthodontic treatment. Locus of control was measured by 'Locus of Control(LOC) scale for children' and 'Orthodontic Locus of Control(OLOC) scale for children'. The discomfort was measured by 'discomfort index card' in 52 children and adolescent patients who initiate orthodontic treatment. In addition, 'locus of control of the patients' mothers was measured by 'Orthodontic Locus of Control(OLOC) scale for parents'. The results were as follows: 1. The test-retest reliability of 'Locus of Control(LOC) scale for children' and 'Orthodontic Locus of Control(OLOC) scale' was in the moderate to high range. 2. Out of 52 patients, 47 showed moderate to severe discomfort following placement of an initial archwire. The patients showed the most severe discomfort on the first day, and most of the discomfort was manifested within the first 3 days, then decreased until the 7th day. There was no significant difference in the discomfort according to sex and age. 3. The discomfort of the patients was the highest in the morning session when a day was divided into 4 sessions, i.e., morning, afternoon, evening, and night. 4. In the score of 'Locus of Control(LOC) scale for children' and 'Orthodontic Locus of Control(OLOC) scale for children', the group of internal locus of control expressed more discomfort than the group of external locus of control. And there was no significant correlation between locus of control of the patients and that of their mothers. 5. There was no significant difference in the score of locus of control according to sex and age. However, the score of boys tended to be lower than that of girls and the score of primary school students higher than that of middle and high school students.
Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Internal-External Control* ; Mothers