This paper describes the principle of detector for pulse and fill-liquid in one body, which is used to detect the body pulse and the number of liquid-drop within one minute when filling liquid. The detector works exactly and rapidly. It makes doctors and nurses disentangle from the annoyed daily grinds.
Equipment Design ; Infusions, Parenteral ; instrumentation ; Pulse ; Rheology

OBJECTIVEAnalyzing the performance of microbial barrier of needleless positive pressure closed connectors.

METHODSThree kinds of brand needleless positive pressure closed connectors were chosen to do the access of microorganisms test.

RESULTSPositive results were detected in the three experimental groups.

CONCLUSIONSSo far, lots of the connectors are not qualified strictly on the market, some improvement is required in the structure design and process.

The free care smart infusion system which has the function of liquid end alarm and automatic stopping has been designed. In addition, the system can send the alarm to the health care staff by Zigbee wireless network. Besides, the database of infusion information has been set up, it can be used for inquiry afterwards.
Artificial Intelligence ; Equipment Design ; Infusions, Parenteral ; instrumentation ; Wireless Technology

Accurate and reliable administration of intravenous infusion is necessary for a variety of different therapies including constant heparin, parenteral nutrition, cardiotonic and vasoactive mediciation and chemotherapy. For these purposes, drop counting is a common practice and a convenient way to measure the flow rate and the dose rate, but it is an unreliable and unexact method because the intravenous infusion sets from various manufacturers deliver different-sized drops depending on the rate of formation of the drops, properties of the particular fluid and physical characteristics of the intravenous infusion sets. This study evaluated the actual drop factor (DF) of a variety of intravenous infusion sets (10 IV Sets : 5 marked and 5 unmarked DF) at a low flow rate setting (20 ml/hr for pediatric and 40 ml/hr for adult) using a peristaltic fluid pump and distilled water, The measured Df is obtained by dividing the collected fluid volume per hour (ml/hr) by the number of drops per minute (drops/min) on the peristaltic fluid pump setting. The results ware as follows : 1) The actual DF values of the marked lV sets were 2 sets (DF= 1) 0.91 +/-0.04 and 0.97+/-0.03,2 sets (DF=3) 3.04+/-0.08 and 3.14+/-0.04 and 1 set (DF=4) 3.00+/-0.05. 2) The actual DF values of 5 lV sets with an unmarked DF ranged from 3.04+/-0.05 and 4.80+/-0.06. 3) The percent deviation of the actual DF values from the theoretical values of DF= 1,3,4 and the unmarked DF sets were -6.5+/-3.0, 3.0+/-1.6, -24.1 and 0.7+/-15.7 (-23.6~20.1)% respectively. 4) Among the physical factors influencing flow rate the size of the inlet orifice size of the intra-venous infusion s('t was a major one. 5) The majority of intravenous infusion sets from various manufacturers in the ROK are unmarked with respect to DF or drops perml.
Bays ; Drug Therapy ; Heparin ; Infusion Pumps* ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Water

PURPOSE: Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent with potent microtubule stabilizing activity that arrests cells in G2-M phase. Because G2 and M are the most radiosensitive phase of the cell cycle, paclitaxel has potential role as a cell-cycle specific radiosensitizer. This study was performed to see the effects of paclitaxel on the radiation-induced damage of gastric mucosa of the rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rats were divided into the three groups i.e., paclitaxel alone group, radiation alone group and, a combination of paclitaxel and radiation in combined group. A single intraperitoneal infusion of paclitaxel (10 mg/kg) was done in paclitaxel alone group. In radiation alone group, a single fraction of irradiation (8 Gy, x-ray) to the whole abdomen and, a combination of a single fraction of irradiation (8 Gy, x-ray) to the whole abdomen was given 24 hrs after paclitaxel infusion in combined group of paclitaxel and radiation. The incidence of mitosis and apoptosis as well as histologic changes of the gastric mucosa were evaluated at 6 hrs, 24 hrs, 3 days and 5 days after treatment. RESULTS: The number of the mitosis was not increased by paclitaxel infusion. The incidence of the apoptosis was similar from 6 hrs to 3 days after paclitaxel infusion and was decreased at 5 days. Paclitaxel induced minimal glandular dilatation and cellular atypia of gastric mucosa at 24 hrs and 3 days. In irradiation group, the incidence of apoptosis was 6.0% in 6 hrs and 1.25% in 24 hrs after irradiation and minimal glandular dilatation and cellular atypia were noted throughout the experimental period. The incidence of apoptosis in the combined group of paclitaxel and irradiation (4.5%) was significantly higher than irradiation alone group (1.25%) at 3 days (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Paclitaxel had no effect on mitotic arrest in gastric mucosa of the rat. Increased number of apoptosis in combined paclitaxel and irradiation group suggested the additive effects of paclitaxel on irradiation.
Abdomen ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Dilatation ; Gastric Mucosa* ; Incidence ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Microtubules ; Mitosis ; Paclitaxel* ; Rats* ; Stomach

The regulations on basic clinical use of parenterally administered Chinese medicine, issued jointly in 2008, by the ministry of health (MOH), China food and drug administration (SFDA) and the state administration of traditional Chinese medicine (SATCM). Integrating actual clinical practice, these presented doctors and nurses with detailed specifications for the safe use of parenterally administered Chinese medicine. The regulations emphasize the use of Chinese medicine pattern differentiation, use in strict accordance with instructions, and they prohibit use combined with other medicines. The emphasis of the regulations are practicality and operability, and provide meaningful guidance to doctors and nurses for the rational and safe use of parenterally administered Chinese medicine, to reduce adverse reactions/adverse events caused by improper use.
China ; Drug Therapy ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; standards ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Infusions, Parenteral

We report a case of retroperitoneal and scrotal dialysate leakage resulting from peritoneal-retroperitoneal communication in a patient on peritoneal dialysis (PD). The ultrafiltration volume was reduced and the scrotum became enlarged in a patient who had been undergoing PD for 4 years. Retroperitoneal and scrotal leakage of dialysate was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) performed 1 hour after the intraperitoneal infusion of contrast-containing dialysate. The PD was halted and the patient was transferred to hemodialysis (HD). One month after the transfer to HD, the PD was resumed and there were no signs of extraperitoneal leakage.
Humans ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Renal Dialysis ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Scrotum ; Ultrafiltration

This experimental study was performed on 5 rabbits to ascertain if oxygenated Ringer's lactate Could be used in place of fluorocarbons through peritoneal administration. Oxygen was bubbled through solutions of Ringer's lactate at two different rates and the oxygen tension of each solution was determined. The solution used in vivo had oxygen delivered at a rate of 5 L/min; the mean PO2 and pH were 575.5 mmHg and 6.34 respectively, while the rate of oxygenation of the in vitro solution was 3 L/min. with a mean PO2 and pH of 416.6 mmHg and 6.08. After peritoneal administration of the oxygenated solution the PaO2 values were significantly increased from the control value. Other parameters such as pH, PaCO2, HCO3, BE, SO2 (oxygen saturation), Na and K were not shown to be statistically significant. Some degree of oxygenation could be obtained by the introduction of oxygenated Ringer's solution. This result suggested that this solution can be used for oxygenation via the transperitoneal administration, and that this method of oxygenation may possibly be used to treat some forms of respiratory failure.
Animal ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Isotonic Solutions/administration & dosage* ; Oxygen/administration & dosage* ; Oxygen/blood ; Rabbits

Three large randomized trials (GOG-104, GOG-114, GOG-172) have shown the advantage of a combination of intravenous (IV) and intraperitoneal (IP) administration of chemotherapy over IV administration alone in optimally-debulked ovarian cancer. A significant advantage of IP chemotherapy is that high concentrations of drugs can be maintained within the peritoneal cavity with less systemic toxicity than IV chemotherapy of similar doses. Two pharmacokinetic problems appear to limit the effectiveness of IP chemotherapy: poor tumor penetration by the drug and incomplete irrigation of serosal surfaces by the drug-containing solution. Combined IP/IV administration of chemotherapy may be associated with a significantly increased short-term risk of toxicity compared with IV chemotherapy. However, the toxicity is usually short-term and manageable. Substitution of carboplatin for cisplatin may reduce the toxicity of IP platinum, but the optimal IP regimen for women with optimally-debulked ovarian cancer should be determined. In conclusion, patients with optimally-debulked FIGO stage III ovarian cancer should be counseled about the clinical benefit associated with combined IV and IP administration of chemotherapy.
Carboplatin ; Cisplatin ; Drug Therapy* ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Platinum

Gastric motility is controlled by gastric myoelectrical activity, which propagates from the proximal body to the distal antrum at a frequency of 3 cycles per minute(cpm). Peritoneal infusion of dialysate may influence on gastric motility in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients. To investigate the concentration of dialysate affects the gastric myoelectrical activity in CAPD patients, we performed electrogastrographic studies(EGG) in 13 non-diabetic CAPD patients. EGG was measured noninvasively using abdominal surface electrodes at the fasting state at empty and 2 hours after 1.5% and 4.25% 2,000mL dialysate, respectively. The dominant power (DP) and the percentage of normal slow-wave frequency(NSWF) had significantly decreased after 4.25 % infusion than the baseline. Tachygastria had significantly increased after 4.25% infusion. Changes in the gastric myoelectrical activity after 1.5% was less prominent than that of 4.25%. In conclusion, peritoneal dialysis may influence on gastric myoelectrical activity and higher osmolar solution may more aggrevate gastric myoelectrical activity than lower one.
Electrodes ; Fasting ; Humans ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Ovum ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory*